• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.87-92
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• 2013

Periodontal inflammation increases the risk of tooth loss, particularly in cases where there is an associated loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament (PDL). Histological and morphometric evaluation of periodontal inflammation is difficult. Especially, the lengths of the periodontal ligament and interdental alveolar bone space have not been quantified. A quantitative imaging procedure applicable to an animal model would be an important clinical study. The purpose of this study was to quantify the loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament by evaluation with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Another purpose was to investigate differences in infections with systemic E. coli LPS and TNF-${\alpha}$ on E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament model on mice. This study showed that linear measurements of alveolar bone loss were represented with an increasing trend of the periodontal ligament length and interdental alveolar process space. The effects of systemic E. coli LPS and TNF-${\alpha}$ on an E. coli LPS-induced periodontitis mice model were investigated in this research. Loss of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and calculated by the two- and three dimensional microstructure morphometric parameters. Also, there was a significantly increasing trend of the interdental alveolar process space in E. coli LPS and TNF-${\alpha}$ on E. coli LPS compared to PBS. And E. coli LPS and TNF-${\alpha}$ on E. coli LPS had a slightly increasing trend of the periodontal ligament length. The increasing trend of TNF-${\alpha}$ on the LPS-induced mice model in this experiment supports the previous studies on the contribution of periodontal diseases in the pathogenesis of systemic diseases. Also, our findings offer a unique model for the study of the role of LPS-induced TNF-${\alpha}$ in systemic and chronic local inflammatory processes and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we performed rapidly quantification of the periodontal inflammatory processes and periodontal bone loss using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in mice.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.176-180
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• 2015

Objectives: The increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance is an outcome of evolution. Most patients presenting with odontogenic space infections also have associated systemic co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus resulting in impaired host defense. The present study aims to compare the odontogenic spaces involved, antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms, length of hospital stay, and the influence of systemic comorbidities on treatment outcome in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A 2-year prospective study from January 2012 to January 2014 was conducted on patients with odontogenic maxillofacial space infections. The patients were divided into two groups based on their glycemic levels. The data were compiled and statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 188 patients were included in the study that underwent surgical incision and drainage, removal of infection source, specimen collection for culture-sensitivity, and evaluation of diabetic status. Sixty-one out of 188 patients were found to be diabetic. The submandibular space was the most commonly involved space, and the most prevalent microorganism was Klebsiella pneumoniae in diabetics and group D Streptococcus in the nondiabetic group. Conclusion: The submandibular space was found to be the most commonly involved space, irrespective of glycemic control. Empiric antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid combined with metronidazole with optimal glycemic control and surgical drainage of infection led to resolution of infection in diabetic as well as nondiabetic patients. The average length of hospital stay was found to be relatively longer in diabetic individuals.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 2008

The collimator which makes a collimated beam, is an essential instrument for assembly and evaluation of telescopes. Recently, the Cassegrain type collimator has been widely used for its compact size as the focal length of high resolution cameras becomes longer. However, this kind of collimator has a disadvantage in that the secondary mirror is a heat source which can degrade the evaluation accuracy for an IR camera system. In this paper, we present the fabrication and measurement process for an off-axis parabolic mirror with the physical diameter pf 1 m, effective diameter 930 mm, and the focal length 6 m. After four months of works we obtained the final surface wave-front error of 30.4 nm rms ($\lambda$/138, ${\lambda}=4.2\;{\mu}m$), which is capable of evaluation of an IR camera as well as a visible camera.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2016

When the queue length of congestion vehicles in tunnel fire is extended beyond tunnel length, the capacity of smoke control system needs to be increased in line with ventilation resistance. However, the vehicle queue length is not defined, so a rational equation is necessary in current fire prevention guideline. This study is intended to propose an equation to calculate the queue length considering the number of vehicles in queue in tunnel fire and evaluate the applicability by tunnel length as well. When it comes to normal tunnel, it is necessary to compare the vehicle queue length with tunnel length up to the length of 1,200 m in a bid to avoid applying the vehicle queue length excessively in case of fire. As a result of evaluation of applicability to model a tunnel, saving the number of jet fan for smoke control appeared to be effective. Besides, quantitative approach to explain the vehicle queue length through the relationship between the percentage of large vehicles and tunnel length was presented. Consequently, when the queue length of the congestion vehicles exceeds the tunnel length in determining the capacity of smoke control system in case of fire, the number of vehicles beyond the tunnel length needs to be excluded from estimating the ventilation resistance by vehicles.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2013

Recently, experimental and analytical researches have been performed in order to find interface failure between FRP plate and concrete in near surface-mounted (NSM) retrofit using FRP plate. As a result, it was found that the bond strength between concrete and NSM FRP plate had a close relationship with shape of FRP, concrete compressive strength and bond length. However, research need is increasing about another factors such as suitable space of FRP plate and group effect. In this study, therefore, a bond test was performed with aforementioned factors and compared with a previous equation to verify its suitability for predicting bond strength of NSM FRP plate. From the test, it was found that the bond strength increased according to the increase of space of NSM FRP plates even if its bond length was same. The splitting failure of concrete governed when space of FRPs was too narrow and it changed to FRP's tensile failure with increase of the space. From the evaluation of test specimens using previous equation, it was found that the bond strength could be predicted properly with consideration of group effect.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.139-147
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• 2009

The memory based reasoning just stores in the memory in the form of the training pattern of the representative pattern. And it classifies through the distance calculation with the test pattern. Because it uses the techniques which stores the training pattern whole in the memory or in which it replaces training patterns with the representative pattern. Due to this, the memory in which it is a lot for the other machine learning techniques is required. And as the moreover stored training pattern increases, the time required for a classification is very much required. In this paper, We propose the EAS(Evaluation And Selection) algorithm in order to minimize memory usage and to improve classification performance. After partitioning the training space, this evaluates each partitioned space as MDL and PM method. The partitioned space in which the evaluation result is most excellent makes into the representative pattern. Remainder partitioned spaces again partitions and repeat the evaluation. We verify the performance of Proposed algorithm using benchmark data sets from UCI Machine Learning Repository.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.185-193
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• 2022

This study attempted to compare and analyze the commercially available multi-use patterns to develop mask patterns suitable for the face types of adult women. Through this, it was intended to provide necessary data to mask pattern development and products. As a results of comparing the dimensions and shapes of commercial multi-use mask patterns, there was a significant difference in dimensions even though it was a L-size mask manufactured for adults. As a result of the appearance evaluation of the virtual outfit, there were significant differences by design in the vertical of the center front line, the cover and space of the mask, the height of the nose, and the lower part of the mask. The side also showed significant differences in the covering of the side of the face, the space of the side, and the width and length of the string. As a result of the appearance evaluation, Mask 4 received the best evaluation. The shape of the mask pattern had a large dart in the lower part of the nose so that it can cover the three-dimensional shape of the face, but there was a difference in the degree and angle of the curve depending on the mask. Although the upper part of the mask, the lower part of the mask, and the cheek part are in close contact, the evaluation of the mask pattern, which has room in the nose and mouth, was high. It is thought that the mask pattern should be set according to the upper length, lower length, and nose height of the mask through analysis of the face shape and dimensions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2005

To optimize and limit the axial length of the baffle of the KSR-III engine, stability rating tests using pulse gun as one of artificial disturbance devices have been done. Generally a rocket engine can be considered to be dynamically stable if a certain imposed external perturbation or pressure oscillation in rocket combustion chamber could be suppressed within a short time period. Decay time and other parameters for the evaluation of stabilization ability of an engine to external perturbation have been analyzed to quantify stabilization capacity of engine, in other words, dynamic stability margin. Baffle not covering flame zone enough which can be considered as collision region of injector wasn't be able to suppress external perturbation sufficiently. The limit of combustion stability margin of engine is assumed to be 50 mm length baffle of the KSR-III engine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.6_1
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• pp.545-555
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• 2007

3D buildings are the most prominent feature comprising urban scene. A few of mega-cities in the globe are virtually reconstructed in photo-realistic 3D models, which becomes accessible by the public through the state-of-the-art online mapping services. A lot of research efforts have been made to develop automatic reconstruction technique of large-scale 3D building models from remotely sensed data. However, existing methods still produce irregular building polygons due to errors induced partly by uncalibrated sensor system, scene complexity and partly inappropriate sensor resolution to observed object scales. Thus, a geometric regularization technique is urgently required to rectify such irregular building polygons that are quickly captured from low sensory data. This paper aims to develop a new method for regularizing noise building outlines extracted from airborne LiDAR data, and to evaluate its performance in comparison with existing methods. These include Douglas-Peucker's polyline simplication, total least-squared adjustment, model hypothesis-verification, and rule-based rectification. Based on Minimum Description Length (MDL) principal, a new objective function, Geometric Minimum Description Length (GMDL), to regularize geometric noises is introduced to enhance the repetition of identical line directionality, regular angle transition and to minimize the number of vertices used. After generating hypothetical regularized models, a global optimum of the geometric regularity is achieved by verifying the entire solution space. A comparative evaluation of the proposed geometric regulator is conducted using both simulated and real building vectors with various levels of noise. The results show that the GMDL outperforms the selected existing algorithms at the most of noise levels.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.789-795
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the appropriate surplus of clothing for a jacket bodice pattern of middle-aged obese men by using the 3D virtual twin and virtual garment simulation system. The results were as follows ; 1. BMI rate of middle-aged males was 28.13 which was equivalent to mild obesity, whereas WHR(W/H ratio from waist to hips) rate was near 1.00 which was highly dangerous against their obesity. In case of middle-aged obese men, the WHR was significantly higher than the entire middle-aged men's average and the section shape in which their thickness was relatively more than width. 2. As a result of appearances evaluation through virtual garment simulation, the cut-off amount of the side seam and the center back was regulated accordingly. Hereby, the final tolerance range was set up at 21.15 cm at the hips, so that the appearances became better and the bilateral distribution of the cross section and space length was formed symmetrically. Especially in case of increasing the cross amount of hems to produce a natural silhouette of the waist-to-hips parts, the ease of buttocks was judged to be moderate, but it turned out that a wavy cross section was made and the silhouette was not good. Thus it was found to be not good that the ease of the hips became excessively increased in proportion as circumference of waist and belly were increased in obesity. The use of the virtual twin made it impossible to comprehend the appearances and ease correspondent to motions. In order to evaluate wearing fitness, therefore, the system should be improved so as to change arm positions and perform various motions.