• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.705-712
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• 2008

In this study, Jeonju bibimbap, Bulgogi, Japchae, Whangpomuk, Kimchijeyukbokkeum, and Sangseonjeon were selected as examples of take-out style Korean foods, and sensory evaluations on a 9-point hedonic scale were conducted with dining staff at UCLA. 54.5% of the respondents in this study were male and 62.7% were Hispanic/Latino, with the respondents fairly evenly split across age groups in a range of 25-54 years. In the sensory evaluation, the most acceptable items were judged as follows: Bulgogi (8.1)>Japchae (7.5)>Sangseonjeon (7.4)>Jeonjubibimbap=kimchijeyukbokkeum (7.3)>Whangpomuk (6.9). Among the 6 Korean foods (Jeonjubibimbap, Bulgogi, Japchae, Whangpomuk, Kimchijeyukbokkeum and Sangseonjeon), Bulgogi, and Saengseonjeon were the most acceptable items for the female and male respondents, respectively. All of the items were popular with the majority of the responding age groups, with the exception of the 18-24-year groups; in particular, Kimchijeyukbokkeum and Bulgogi scored relatively high on acceptability (7.0) for all respondents. Jeonjubibimbap, Japchae, Whangpomuk, and Saengseonjeon were also found to be acceptable to all respondents except for the African American respondents. We suggest that the Korean foods listed above are applicable items for quick service restaurants in the U.S. market.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.548-555
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• 1999

Long-term effects of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) on memory and oxidative stress of senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) were investigated. Senescence-resistant (R1) and prone (P8) strains of SAM were fed GL diets, premixed with low (20 mg/kg/day, T1) or high (200 mg/kg/day, T2) levels of GL powder for 9 months starting from young (3 months of age) or for 5 months starting from old (7 months of age). After the final feeding at 12 months of age, all animals were subjected to passive avoidance test for the evaluation of memory function. In addition, the changes in hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) and glutathione were analyzed. SAMP8 fed GL diets from old age (7 months) exhibited the improvement of memory, although GL rather inhibited the memory function of both SAMR1 and SAMP8 mice fed diets from young (3 months of age). Hepatic TBARS contents were decreased in SAMP8 fed high GL diet for 9 months and in SAMR1 fed low GL diet for 5 months. Hepatic glutathione content was also remarkably increased in SAMR1 following both feeding periods, and less extent in SAMP8 fed diet for 5 months of age. Taken together, it is proposed that GL extracts may play an anti-aging role through antioxidant action, and thereby may improve the senescence-related memory dysfunction.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual condition of Coming-of-Age Ceremonies and to suggest the building blocks of a modern program for Coming-of-Age Ceremonies. This will be done through the study of the consciousness of students who participated in such ceremonies. This study was compiled from 262 data sources. The major findings as follows: 1. On evaluation of the opinions of student that have participated in Coming-of-Age ceremonies, a conclusion was drawn that such ceremonies were suitable held at age twenty. Also, drawn from the study was that most students preferred a event interweaving traditional ceremonies with blessing ceremonies and viewed that the current vogue of presenting expensive gifts was not suitable. Pertaining to the type of gifts preferred, school supplies and inexpensive accessories were on top of the list. In addition, a great majority agreed that traditional Coming-of-Age Ceremonies were difficult to perform but interesting and instructive. 2. It was discovered that a substantial majority perceived the need of Coming-of-Age Ceremonies and drew satisfaction from such events. The study also showed that satisfaction in school life and activeness in extracurricular functions was directly proportional to the student’s recognition of the need for the student’satisfaction drawn from Coming-of-Age Ceremonies. 3. It was shown that positive correlations existed between the need for and satisfaction drawn from Coming-of-Age Ceremonies and recognized the need for the comparison of modern and traditional Coming-of-Age Ceremonies and the establishment a desirable concourse of such ceremonies.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.197-210
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to Investigate men's clothing in regard to (1) the effect of wearer's age and clothing: rues on impression formation, and (2) the effect of perceiver's age on impressions formed by the wearer's age and the fuction of clothing cues. The experimental design of this study was between-subjects 24_full factorial design by 4 independent variables. The subjects consisted of 192 subjects in each of two male perceiver groups according to age(20s and 50s). The experimental moterials developed for the study were a set of stimuli al)d a response scale. The stimuli consisted of 16 color photographs made by identical manipulations of 4 independent variables consisting of 2 levels each. Each one of the sixteen sub-samples included 12 subjects from 2 perceiver groups. The independent variables provided by the photographs were (1) wearer's age (20s and 50s), (2) suit color (navy blue and beige),' (3) suit style (single breasted and double breasted), and (4) necktie color (analogous and complementary colors) . The 7-point semantic differential response scale which was designed to measure the impression of the stimuli was composed of 30 bipolar adjectives. The responses to the semantic differential scales were analyzed using factor analysis and ANOVA. The results were as follows:1) Wearer's age, suit color, suit style, and necktie color had significant effects on impression of the 3 factors (appearance·potency, individuality activity, and evaluation) partiafly. However, the suit style was the most dominent clothing cue : the single breasted suit conveyed positive impression of individuality' activity to both of the wearer's age groups than double breasted suit did on both of the perceiver's age groups. 2) Perceiver's age partially influenced impressions formed by the age and the clothing cues of men clothed in suits : the young perceiver's group was less affected by them than middle aged group.

• 한국인구학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.117-147
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• 2001

이 연구는 북한의 1994년 인구센서스 자료에 나타난 성 및 연령구조를 분석하기 위한 것이다. 이 연구에서는 우선 1994년 1월 남북분단 이후 최초로 실시된 북한 인구센서스의 배경과 특징을 설명하고, 아울러 가용한 자료들을 활용하여 북한인구의 추세와 현황을 개관하였다. 이 연구의 초점은 북한 인구센서스 자료의 성 및 연령구조와 관련된 몇 가지 문제를 제기하고, 이를 재검토하는 데 맞추어져 있다. 북한이 제공하고 있는 인구자료에는 16-25세 연령집단의 남녀 성비가 비정상적으로 낮게 나타나고 있다. 또한 총인구규모에 있어서도 연령별 인구합계와 지역별 인구합계가 다르게 기재되어 있다. 이 연구에서는 북한 인구센서스 자료에 나타난 성 및 연령구조의 특징과 정확도를 파악하기 위하여 몇 가지 지수들이 작성되었으며, 이러한 작업을 토대로 북한인구의 성 및 연령별 분포를 재구성하여 수정인구를 추정하는 시도가 이루어졌다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study is to build basic data to systematically develop a hand function evaluation tool by determining the effects of age, gender and target force level on the difference in hand function according to the target force level. Background: Precise and objective evaluation of hand functionality is a very important factor in quantifying treatment progress in patients or elderly people, and in verifying treatment effects. However, most hand function evaluations lack objectivity and accuracy, and therefore it is difficult to properly treat patients according to the given situation. Method: Sixteen healthy subjects (eight elderly and eight young people) participated in this study to evaluate the effects of age, gender, and target force level on tracking performance through rRMSE in terms of the tracking force and actual exerted force, by carrying out a task of maintaining six different target force levels for 20 seconds. Results: The result of this experiment indicated that elderly people and women had a lower ability to maintain a certain level of force than young people and men by 16% and 10%, respectively. The target force level results showed that the tracking error of the lowest force level (5% MVC) was significantly higher than that of 15% MVC, which in turn showed a higher tracking error than that of the higher target force levels. Conclusion: The results of this study can thus be utilized to develop a rehabilitation program for elderly people or other patients. Application: The authors expect that the results of the present study will be valuable to develop a rehabilitation program and hand function evaluation tool.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.723-737
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• 1995

The purposes of this study were to investigate 1) the difference of cognitive evaluation on body exposure of female clothing, ann 2) purchase frequency and intention of wearing according to demographic variables. The instrument of this study consisted of response scale and stimuli. Thirty three items of 7.point Likert scale were developed to measure cognitive evaluation of the people who responded. The stimuli were 7 types of clothing, differing exposure parts and style on line drawing. The sample included 450 subjects, consisting of 231 in Seoul and 219 in Chun-nam Province. Statistics applied for analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, correlation, t-test, F-test, Duncan's multiple range test, factor analysis. The Results were: 1. Constructing factors of cognitive evaluation consisted of elegance, sensuality, attraction, individuality. There were significant differences in every factor on each types of clothing. 2. The evaluation toward each types of clothing was influenced by the subjects' sex, age, and residence. 3. Purchase frequency and intention of female subjects' wearing were very low, and there were significant differences on demographic variables.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.669-683
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• 2012

The water supply pipes are buried across wide range of areas, so it is hard to spot them using excavation and takes a large amount of expense. Thus, there is a high risk for direct research and application, accompanying many difficulties in implementation of them. Therefore, it is more economical and convenient to use indirect evaluation variables than direct evaluation of the buried pipes in assessing the degree of pipe deterioration. To assess the degree of pipe deterioration using the indirect evaluation variables, it should be done first to identify how and to what extent they affect the degree of deterioration. This study measured the evaluation variables for pipe deterioration using the pipe endoscope and analyzed the measurement results and the degree of impact on the pipes. In addition, this study attempted to evaluate the adequateness of the pipe deterioration evaluation using the indirect variables based on the analysis results. The evaluation variables measured through the pipe endoscope were the thickness of sediments, size of scale, degree of desquamation and condition of connections. For the indirect evaluation variables, the data such as the property data from GIS pipe network map as well as the material, diameter, age and pipe lining material of the pipe, road type, leakage frequency, average water velocity and water pressure using the leakage repair records was collected. Using the collected data, this study comparatively analyzed the indirect evaluation variables for the degree of pipe deterioration and the results from the pipe endoscope to choose appropriate variables for pipe deterioration evaluation and calculated the weights of the indirect variables on the degree of deterioration. The results showed that the order of the impact of indirect variables on deterioration was pipe age > pipe lining material > road type > leakage frequency > average water velocity with their weights of 0.45, 0.20, 0.15, 0.10, and 0.10, respectively. Conclusively, the results suggest that the measures of sediment thickness, scale size, degree of desquamation and condition of connections are appropriate for the evaluation of pipe deterioration and sufficient for the analysis of the impact of the indirect variables on deterioration.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.914-921
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality in young bulls, steers and heifers produced by crossing Limousin bulls with Holstein-Friesian cows, fattened semi-intensively and slaughtered at 18 months of age. Methods: Thirty-one young calves were reared in a conventional production system, and were fed milk replacer, hay and concentrate. At 6 months of age, the animals were divided into groups based on gender, and were fed a total mixed ration composed of grass silage, concentrates I and II in a semi-intensive production system. At the end of the fattening period (18 months), the animals were slaughtered, carcass quality was evaluated, and samples of musculus longissimus thoracis were collected to determine the proximate composition and quality of meat. Results: Bulls were characterized by the highest percentage share of the most valuable cuts in the carcass, and three-rib sections from bull carcasses had the highest lean meat content with low intramuscular fat content (0.93%). No significant differences in carcass conformation, dressing percentage or the percentage share of round in the right half-carcass were found between bulls vs. steers and heifers. Heifers and steers had higher carcass fat content than bulls, which had a positive influence on the sensory properties of beef. In comparison with the meat of bulls, the meat of steers and heifers was characterized by more desirable physical properties and sensory attributes (water-holding capacity, shear force, color lightness, aroma, juiciness, tenderness, flavor). Conclusion: Under the semi-intensive production system, heifers and steers had higher carcass fat content than bulls, which had a positive effect on the sensory properties of beef. Bulls are better suited for intensive systems, which contribute to improving the quality of their meat. The results of this study may encourage producers to breed steers and heifers for beef.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2007

Objective & Methods : The case report is to observe 27 case of venesection with negative pressure therapy(buhang) operated at CV17 (Danjuong) on sudden palpitation. We carried out to analyze the distribution and Martin's evaluation and weighted scale by sex & age, patient conditional grade, accompanied symptoms, duration, number of treatments as well. Results : 1. Forties is significantly distributed on sudden palpitation. 2. Depression instance out of many accompanied symptoms is significantly distributed. 3. Mean of operant frequency is significantly resulted on 10 or 11 times. 4. The improvement on the weighted scale is over one grade. 5. Younger is high on the assessment of treatment on Martin's evaluation and weighted scale by age, while older is low. 6. Lesser one year and more three years is some significantly resulted on the assessment of treatment on Martin's evaluation and weighted scale by duration. 7. Pleurodynia, insomnia, distress in the stomach are effective more 90%, and depression, asthma are more 80% on the assessment of treatment on Martin's evaluation by accompanied symptoms, while asthma and pleurodynia are very significantly resulted on the assessment of treatment on weighted scale. 8. The assessment of treatment on Martin's evaluation and weighted scale have no connection with operant frequency. Conclusion : These results suggest that venesection with negative pressure therapy(buhang) operated at CV17 (Danjuong) has a therapeutic effect on on sudden palpitation.