• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2010

최근 건축물이 초고층화, 심부화 되면서 화재발생시 거주자의 피난시간 단축을 위한 노력이 필요한 시점이다. 화재시 엘리베이터를 피난도구로 사용하는 것은 현재까지는 득보다 실이 많아 금지되어 왔다. 하지만 엘리베이터를 피난에 적합하고 화재시 화염 및 연기에 안전하도록 설계하여 피난에 이용하므로써 전체 피난시간을 단축하려는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실제 엘리베이터를 이용한 피난시 피난시간을 계산하기 위하여 고려되어야 할 인자에 대하여 분석하고자 한다. 엘리베이터 피난계산에 고려되어야 할 인자는 시작시간, 왕복이동시간이 있으며, 왕복 이동시간은 대기시간과 운행시간으로 나뉘게 된다. 이러한 인자들의 조합과 효율을 반영하여 전체 엘리베이터 이용한 피난시간을 계산하게 된다. 엘리베이터를 피난용으로 활용하기 위해서는 제연, 구획화, 방수, 전력공급과 같은 부가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was conducted with the aim of presenting spatial planning directions for evacuation spaces based on an analysis of the performance of horizontal evacuation during the early stages of fire incidents in a geriatric hospital. Methods: Based on a review of previous studies, the research model was designed by establishing occupancy conditions, evacuation, and fire scenarios. The analysis model was developed by considering vulnerable areas in terms of evacuation movement and analyzing the results of evacuation performance. Furthermore, the study analyzed the improvement in evacuation performance by arranging refuge areas. Results: The results of the study are as follows. Firstly, vulnerability spots were identified in terms of evacuation performance by schematizing Required Safe Egress Time, Available Safe Egress Time, and their differences. Secondly, the Required Safe Egress Time in the adjacent public spaces along the escape routes of occupants was found to be higher compared to the Available Safe Egress Time. Thirdly, the results of the correlation analysis between the difference in Available Safe Egress Time and Required Safe Egress Time during the early stages of a fire, as well as their constituent factors, demonstrated that user congestion is a more significant factor in compromising evacuation safety than the physical changes in the fire condition. Fourthly, the analysis of evacuation time was conducted by designating refuge areas where occupants can evacuate within a sufficient timeframe. This led to a decrease in the Required Safe Egress Time. Implications: This study is expected to be used as data on the direction of evacuation space planning to improve the evacuation performance of Geriatric Hospital.

• Architectural research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of remoteness between exit stairways on evacuation performance. Firstly, we reviewed the design regulations of the U.S., the U.K., and South Korea, in relation to remoteness between Exit stairways. Secondly, evacuation simulation was implemented, in order to evaluate the adequacy of each standard. Eight tall buildings in South Korea were selected for the simulation. Evacuation performance was assessed for different remote distances between Exit stairways. Lastly, this research analyses the evacuation simulation data statistically in relation to the effect of remoteness on evacuation time. We found that as the distance between two exit stairways increases, the total evacuation time and average evacuation time for evacuees decreases. There was no statistical influence between the maximum travel distance of the evacuee and the remoteness between two exit stairways, but there was a significant effect on the average travel distance of the evacuees. In addition, the results from the optimal point showed that the L_ratio had the highest evacuation time at 0.44, while the D_ratio had the highest evacuation time at 0.38.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to know how visual-field obstruction from fire smoke influences a resident's necessary time to reach fire escape and evacuation movement in a high-rise apartment housing. Generally, fire smoke not only gives visual-field obstruction and breath troubles to residents but interrupts their evacuation behavior. If a fire smoke layer is formed in the core department when evacuee enters at the evacuation staircase until, residents will be made to undergo a range of vision obstacle. In order to set a situation like that, participants wore eye bandage which had been made especially before the experiment. Also as a comparative standard, through no.1442 Japanese construction ministry notices about the building evacuation safety verification method, this study calculated smoke layer's dissent time and evacuation time. Then to compare with the former, the participants without an eye bandage joined a experiment once again. This study has understood how fire smoke effects on one's evacuation delay by analyzing residents' evacuation time to reach the staircase and movement route, however, in this study a toxic gas is not considered because it might threaten participants not to breathe.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1358-1364
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• 2016

Maritime accidents caused by a ship include collisions, sinking, stranding and fire etc. This study is intending to consider fire accidents among such diverse marine accidents. It is much likely that various sorts of fires break out because crewmen are living in a narrow space for long periods of time consequent on the ship's characteristic of sailing on the sea. According to the ship fire survey, about 50% of the total fire accidents occurred at an engine room, and the main fire origin was analyzed to be oil. In addition, ship fire breaks out in the order of baggage racks and living quarter. In short, the survey indicates that all sorts of fires belonging to A, B, C and D-class have occurred. This study, targeting an actual passenger ship 'A', found the response time to evacuation, during which the people on board a ship recognize the outbreak of fire, and act, and the travel time for evacuation which is the actual travel time. In addition, this study carried out a simulation through the special program for fire analysis - FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) in order to find the effective evacuation time, i.e. life survival time. Particularly, this study did comparative analysis of the influence on the survival of passengers and crew based on the collected simulation data by fire size and sort. As a result of the analysis, it was found that when examining the only actual evacuation movement time excepting the response time to evacuation, people are safe by completing evacuation before the effective evacuation time only in case fire size is 100Kw among all sorts of fires. In other words, in case of the outbreak of fire more than 1 MW, it was found to fail to meet evacuation safety regardless of fire size.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2011

야간의 주택화재는 피난개시의 지연으로 인명피해 위험이 높아지게 된다. 따라서 주택용화재경보기를 설치하여 조기에 화재경보를 해주어 피난개시시간을 단축시킬 때의 피난안전을 해석하였다. 주택을 연구의 대상 건물로 하여 CFAST를 사용해서 화재특성과 화재경보기 작동시간을 분석하였고, 이를 building EXODUS의 위험인자로 사용하여 4인 가족에 대한 피난시뮬레이션을 하였다. 피난개시시간을 다르게 하였을 때 170초에 피난을 개시한 경우 최초 사망자가 발생하였으나 주택용화재경보기작동시간 37.1초를 피난개시시간으로 한 경우는 안전한 피난이 되었다. 해석결과 주택용화재경보기를 설치할 경우 주택화재로부터 인명과 재산피해를 줄이는데 효과가 있다고 판단하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2017

In this study, it was simulated and analyzed the evacuation safety to identify the cadets' evacuation time by using maritimeEXODUS which is applied IMO MSC.1/Circ.1238 theory as well as the trim and heel which are the major factor of reducing the ship evacuation speed. In addition, this study carried out a simulation through the special program for fire analysis - FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) in order to find the effective evacuation time, i.e. life survival time. Particularly, this study did comparative analysis of the influence on the survival of cadets based on the collected simulation data by fire size and sort. As a result of the analysis, It was analyzed the Evacuation Allowable Limit Temperature $60^{\circ}C$ and resulted that there is no influence in evacuation by temperature. As a result of the analysis on visibility evacuation limit 5 m, it was found that the only one evacuation rallying point could not meet the evacuation safety. However, it derived the perfect evacuation safety under the condition of two rallying points available on wood fire. In case of Kerosene, it was satisfied the evacuation safety if the heeling was under $10^{\circ}$. Moreover, it could not meet the evacuation safety by evacuating through upper deck although there were two evacuation rallying points. When it was set by the lifeboat descending maximum angle-$20^{\circ}heel$ and $10^{\circ}trim$ which was described in SOLAS regulation, it was simulated that the wood fire having two evacuation rallying points in the center of the ship satisfied the evacuation safety.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2021

본 연구는 화재 발생 시 스마트폰 네비게이션 어플리케이션을 이용한 화재 대피 유도 서비스 시스템이 화재대피 시간에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하는 연구이다. 컴퓨터 시나리오 시뮬레이션에서 네비게이션 어플리케이션을 사용하였을 때 대피시간이 22초 단축되었고 실증시뮬레이션 또한 네비게이션 어플리케이션을 사용하였을 때 대피시간이 40초 감소되어 화재 발생 시 피난 시간 단축에 효과적이라는 점을 알 수 있다. 실증 시나리오 시뮬레이션을 한 결과는 피난유도를 실시한 경우가 실시하지 않은 경우보다 피난 종료까지 시간이 39초 더 빠르게 나타났다. 실증 시나리오 시뮬레이션은 피난 경로에 병목현상이 발생하지 않았고 이로인해 컴퓨터 시나리오 시뮬레이션과 실증 시나리오 시뮬레이션의 대피 완료 소요시간의 차이가 발생하였다. 추후 시나리오 시뮬레이션에 학생실습 연구에 기여할 것이다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.51-52
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• 2019

Currently in domestic, it is difficult to the evacuation in fire due to the building is higher. Therefore it is necessary to evacuation safety design of building. To conduct the evacuation fire design of building, it should be done the Evacuation Safety Verification. But it is not sufficient the Study about Evacuation Safety Verification in currently domestic. Therefore in this study, we conducted the evacuation safety verification using people who they can't the evacuation themselves. The method of verification, we suggest the comparative that people who they can't the evacuation themselves and available safety evacuation time. Available safety evacuation time is determined by determined method from disaster statistics of casualties or equivalence with current standard requirement. it is doing to objectively judge of evacuation safety design validity in building.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 구미시 일부지역을 대상으로 소개(疏開, 혹은 대피) 계획(evacuation planning)수립 기초연구를 위해 가능한 한 실제 네트워크 및 교통특성 자료를 기반으로 미시적 교통시뮬레이션을 이용하여 대안별 특성을 분석하였다. 긴급 상황이 발생했을 경우를 가정한 시뮬레이션을 통해 기존 교통신호 체계를 그대로 유지하는 경우에서의 소개시간과 본 연구에서 제안한 차로기반 경로유도(lane-based routing) 방식을 비교한 결과, 긴급 상황이 발생했을 시 기존 신호체계를 그대로 유지하는 경우에 있어 소개명령의 차이는 모든 차량을 소개시키는데 거의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그에 비해 본 연구에서 제시한 차로기반 경로유도 방식의 경우 기존 방식에 비해 소개시간과 총 통행시간에서 각각 28~54%와 82~90%의 단축효과가 있음을 확인하였으며, 특히 소개시간을 짧게 해야 하는 급박한 상황이 발생했을 때 소개를 위한 시간단축을 확인하였다.