• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.13-21
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• 2019

Leakage accidents in businesses dealing with hazardous chemicals can have a great impact on the workers inside the workplace, as well as residents outside the workplace. In fact, there were cases where hazardous chemicals leaked from many businesses. As a result, the Chemicals Control Act(CCA) was enacted in 2015, the Ministry of Environment introduced an Off-site Risk Assessment(ORA). The purpose of the ORA is to secure safety from the installation of the design of the workplace facilities so that chemical accidents of hazardous chemical handling facilities do not cause human or physical damage outside the workplace. In general, the ORA qualitatively determines where a protected facility is within the scope of the accident scenario. However, elderly who belong to the sensitive group is more sensitive than the general group under the same chemical accident effect, and the extent of the damage is serious. According to data from the Korea National Statistic Office, the number of elderly people is expected to increase steadily. Therefore, a quantitative risk analysis considering the elderly is necessary as a result of a chemical accident. In this study, accident scenarios for 14 locations were set up to perform emergency evacuation due to toxic gas leakage of Cl₂(Chlorine) and HF(Hydrogen Fluoride), and the effects of exposure were analyzed based on the evacuation velocity difference of age 20s and 60s. The ALOHA(Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) program was used to calculate the concentration for assessing the effects. The time of exposure to toxic gas was calculated based on the time it took for the evacuation to run from the start point to the desired point and a methodology was devised that could be applied to the risk calculation. As a result of the study, the relative risk of the elderly, the sensitive group, needs to be determined.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.35-50
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• 2007

In order to investigate water pollution of spring, we carried out the experiments on mineral water, rainwater and surrounding soil of several springs collected in Incheon area from February to August in 2007. The results were as follows. 1. Soil : This study investigated the pH and organic matter contents in the soil which effect on microorganisms. The pH value was from 4.5 to 5.3 on average and organic matter contents ranged from 1.09% to 5.6% and E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. faecalis and other microorganisms were isolated. 2. Natural mineral water : As the rainfall increased, the concentration of $No_3-N$, consumption of $KMnO_4$ and the number of microorganisms was increased while the other physicochemical items were not affected. The microorganism isolated in the natural mineral water were as follows: E. coli, K. oxytoca S. faecalis, S. facium, and so on from evacuation; E. agglomerans, E. amnigenus, E. cloacae, E. sakazakii and so on from the environments and evacuation. Detection of these microorganisms shows that the environment around the spring had been exposed to excrements of the warm blood animal. 3. Rain : The coliforms in the rain were the identical one detected from the mineral water and the soil. In conclusion the quality of natural mineral water is influenced by rain, resident bacteria of soil and surrounding environment. This study will be the basic data of characteristics of spring in Incheon area and also this result will give useful aids for the efficient control of spring.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.527-539
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• 2018

The subway used by many passengers is required to maintain a safe and comfortable environment and PSD (Platform Screen Door) must be installed in the platform after reinforcing the standard in 2003. In the previous research, in case of subway fire to control it, it is necessary to design the optimal ventilation and smoke exhaust system according to equipment capacity of the smoke exhaust system. Therefore, in this study, based on the results of previous research, three-dimensional numerical analysis was performed for the CO gas and smoke flow by the subway ventilation system in case of platform fire. As a result of this study, it was found that in case of emergency, if only the upper-level smoke exhaust system is activated, the risk of evacuation is high due to CO gas (653.8 ppm) and smoke concentration ($768.4mg/m^3$). And when all the smoke exhaust systems are activated and only the fire side PSD is opened, CO gas (36.0 ppm) and smoke concentration ($26.2mg/m^3$) are detected and the propagation range of smoke flow was reduced. When all the smoke exhaust systems are activated and only the fire side PSD is closed, it was analyzed as the most effective ventilation mode in the evacuation environment due to the absence of smoke-recirculation.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.66-66
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• 2017

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.345-369
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• 2022

Infectious disease emergency hospitals are usually temporarily built during the pneumonia epidemic with higher requirements regarding diagnosis and treatment efficiency, hygiene and safety, and infection control.This study aims to identify how the Building Information Modeling (BIM) + Industrialized Building System (IBS) approach could rapidly deliver an infectious disease hospital and develop site epidemic spreading algorithms. Coronavirus-19 pneumonia construction site spreading algorithm model mind map and block diagram of the construction site epidemic spreading algorithm model were developed. BIM+IBS approach could maximize the repetition of reinforced components and reduce the number of particular components. Huoshenshan Hospital adopted IBS and BIM in the construction, which reduced the workload of on-site operations and avoided later rectification. BIM+IBS integrated information on building materials, building planning, building participants, and construction machinery, and realized construction visualization control and parametric design. The delivery of Huoshenshan Hospital was during the most critical period of the Coronavirus-19 pneumonia epidemic. The development of a construction site epidemic spreading algorithm provided theoretical and numerical support for prevention. The agent-based analysis on hospital evacuation observed "arched" congestion formed at the evacuation exit, indicating behavioral blindness caused by fear in emergencies.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.468-473
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• 2008

Currently, most of the buildings have been the high-rise buildings and not only the damage for people but also loose of property have been increased significantly. Furthermore, the damage for residents in indoor is increased significantly, the law related to fire protection is not established yet. We discussed safety of evacuation according to unitary system in standard apartment. At a result, when installing the smoke ventilation system, the RSET has been achieved and delay effect for reaching time of CO and smoke area has been obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.331-335
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• 2012

On January 13th 2012 Italian flag Costa Concordia was partly sunk. The ship was carrying 4,252 passengers and crew; in the next few days the bodies of 30 people were found. Two are still missing. Two South Korean passengers and an Italian crew member was rescued from the ship on January 15th, more than 24 hours after the accident. As of June 18th 2012 (The date of presentation) around 32 people had not been accounted for. In this paper, it is viewed and pointed out the cause, problem, and implication for the future. As a result, intelligent innovative evacuation system for the VLPS (Very Large Passenger Ship) should be set up in terms of international maritime safety.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.2167-2173
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• 2013

Recently, people are paying huge attention to problems caused by indoor air pollution. Also, the need for the system that monitors environmental information for indoor and warns a danger is growing increasingly. In this regard, we designed and implemented environment monitoring system for indoor. In this paper, we describe the system with hardware elements and it's communication method. In order to transfer the data from environment sensors, we use short-range wireless communication in smart phone. The proposed system is possible to know the indoor environment information in installed sensor node. If the risk is found, For the proposed system, there is an advantage that may be appropriate evacuation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.18-23
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• 2017

The shipyard quay process struggles to control workers and maintain a secure working environment because of the presence of at least 1,000 people. Therefore, safety accidents such as an explosion or a fire are likely to occur. With the recent increase in safety accidents at shipyards, the requirements for safety and process monitoring have been strengthened. Major shipyards are conducting researchto monitor the process in real time and to detect the work environment for safety. In this paper, we propose a safe and accurate evacuation route based on the information of the dangerous area and the user's location based on a mobile application to reduce the casualty accidents in the presence of many personnel in a concentrated area. To do this, we analyze the trend of the fire escape system on the ground building, compare various algorithms for escape route calculation, select appropriate algorithms for this study, and perform programming. A basic experiment was conducted to confirm the results. The proposed method is expected to be used in large ship construction sites, passenger ships and large public facilities to reduce accidents in the case of a safety accident.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.689-695
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• 2015

The offshore plant crews that were commissioned in the commercial startup phase boarded the offshore plant in two shifts until the end of the project. The crews who were hired by the owner side stayed in the original offshore plant during the project. However, most of the offshore plant commissioned members who were dispatched from the shipyard were accommodated in the offshore accommodation barge. For this reason, they were exposed to many accidents since there are a lot of people staying in a small space. This study suggested a method for improving survival rate at offshore accommodation barge in terms of life safety. It is assumed that the fire accident among unfortunate events which take place in the offshore accommodation barge mainly occurred. So, this study analyzed the safety evacuation for offshore plant employees using fire simulation model based on both domestic and international law criteria. In particular, When fire occurs in the offshore accommodation barge, the periodically well trained crews are followed safety evacuation procedure. whereas many employees who have different background such as various occupations, cultural differences, races and nationality can be commissioned with improper evacuation behaviors. As a result, the risk will be greater than normal situation due to these inappropriate behaviors. Therefore, This study analyzed the Required Safe Escape Time (RSET) and Available Safe Escape Time (ASET). Also it was suggested the improvement of structure design and additional arrangement of safety equipment to improve the survival rate of the residents in offshore accommodation barge.