• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.4 s.143
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• pp.324-331
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• 2005

The roots of Rosa rugosa have been used to treat diabetes mellitus in the folkloric society of Korea. To demonstrate the active component for the rat obesity induced by high fat diet for 6 weeks, the phytochemical fractionation and the pharmacological activity test were performed on this crude drug. It was shown that the methanolic extract and its EtOAc fraction inhibited the weight increase of the rat body, abdominal fat pad and hyperlipidemia at 200 mg/kg dose. Further, the triterpenoids, euscaphic acid and tormentic acid, isolated from R. rugosa roots were active at 30 mg/kg in the same assay. The two components shifted serum total-, HDL, and LDL-cholesterol levels toward the values of the unteated group, suggesting that the active compounds has hypolipidemic effects. The rats fad euscaphic acid and tormentic acid also reduced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) and hydroxyl radical in the rat blood and increased superoxide dismutase activity compared to the control. TBARS values and carbonyl contest of the hepatic protein were reduced by treatment with the two triterpenoids. Antioxidative enzyme (SOD, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) activities in hepatic were increased by treatment of rats with the triterpenoids, which suggests that triterpenoids inhibited the reduction of hepatic antioxidative activity caused by high fat diet. Taken together, these results support that euscaphic acid and tormentic acid improve a high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia via the activation of antioxidative mechanism.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.219-222
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• 1987

From the underground parts of Rosa rugosa(Rosaceae), 28-0-glucosides of euscaphic acid, tormentic acid and arjunic acid were isolated and characterized by spectral data.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.2210-2212
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• 2014

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.610-615
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• 1995

Three acidic triterpense were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the fruits of Chenomeles sinensis (Rosaceae) together with previously reported oleanolic acid and ursolic acid by repeated silica gel colunm chromatography. Their structures have been elucidated as $2{\alpha},{\;}3{\betha}-dihydroxyolean-l2-en-28-oic$ acid(l. maslinic acid), $2{\alpha},{\;}3{\alpha},{\;}19{\alpha}-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic$ acid (2, euscaphic acid), and $2{\alpha},{\;}3{\betha}-dihydroxyolean-l2-en-28-oic$ acid (3,tormentic acid), respectively, on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.563-572
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• 2006

The plant Rubus species (Rosaceae) mainly contains $19{\alpha}-hydroxyurane-type$ triterpenoids $(19{\alpha}-HUT)$ as bioactive components. Available functional food includes blackberry (the fruit of thornless Rubus sp.), red raspberry (R. idaeus) and black raspberry (R. occidentalis). However, the fruit of R. coreanus, which is used in Korea as a functional food, substitutes black raspberry. Rubi Fructus, which has been traditionally used as an oriental medicinal drug, designates only unripe fruit of R. coreanus but not its ripe fruit which indicates that it needs high content of $19{\alpha}-HUT$ as a crude drug. Throughout our experiment, we found that ripe fruits contain very little amount of $19{\alpha}-HUT$ when compared to unripe fruits. In addition, various and rich $19{\alpha}-HUT$ has been reported from Rubus species. The most common structure of $19{\alpha}-HUT$ of Rubus species, euscaphic acid or tormentic acid with $3{\alpha}-OH$ or $3{\beta}-OH$, respectively, can be glycosylated or oxidized to produce a number of $19{\alpha}-HUTs $as euscaphic acid and tormentic acid derivatives and even esterified to form dimeric triterpenoids. In this review, the bioactivity and biosynthetic pathway and chemical characterization of $19{\alpha}-HUTs$ found in Rubus species are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2015

Three triterpenoids, one sterol glycoside and a phenylpropanoid glycoside were isolated from the n-BuOH soulble fraction of Paulownia coreana twigs. On the basis of spectral data, the structure of isolated compounds were identified as pomolic acid (1), euscaphic acid (2), arjunic acid (3), daucosterol (4), and syringin (5), respectively. All compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.359-364
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• 2007

Three known ${\alpha}$-amyrin triterpenoids, ursolic acid (1), $2{\alpha},3{\alpha}$-dihydro xyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid (2) and euscaphic acid (3), and ${\beta}$-amyrin triterpenoid, $3{\beta}$-hydroxyolean-5,12-diene (4), and ${\alpha}$-spinasterol (5) have been isolated from the fractionated n-butanol extracts of the spikes of Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina, guided by DNA topoisomerases I and II inhibitory activities and cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. Compound 4 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against human colon adenoblastoma (HT-29), and 5 showed DNA topoisomerase I and II inhibitions.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.350-351
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• 2011

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.3 s.138
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• pp.194-198
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• 2004

Repeated column chromatography of an ethyl acetate extract of the root bark of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz afforded four compounds, euscaphic acid ester glucoside (1), luteolin-7 -O-neohesperidoside (2), (+)-medioresinol (3), (-)-syringaresinol (4). Their structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-4 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Among these compounds, (+)-medioresinol (3) exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against XF 498 and HCT 15 cell line.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.2 s.149
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• pp.187-191
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• 2007

The extraction yield of the methanolic extracts and 19${\alpha}$-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoid (19${\alpha}$-HUT) fraction were investigated in the unripe and ripe fruits and the leaves of the four Rubus plants (Rubus coreanus, R. crataegifolius, R. phoenicolasius, R. pungens var. oldhami) to develop the biomaterial 19${\alpha}$-HUT mixture as functional foods. Thin layer chromatogaphy-Densitometer (TLC-DM) was used to analyze the individual quantity of 19${\alpha}$-HUTs using standard compounds (euscaphic acid, tormentic acid, 23-hydroxytormentic acid, kaji-ichigoside F$_1$, rosamultin, niga-ichigoside F$_1$). The content of methanolic extract of the fruits were higher in the ripe stage than in the unripe stage whereas the content of 19${\alpha}$-HUT mixture varied with each Rubus species. The Rubus plants containing the highest amount of 19${\alpha}$-HUTs in the leaves were R. coreanus, R. phoenicolasius and R. pungens var. oldhami while only R. cratagefolius showed the highest content in the ripe fruits. The mean of total genin content of 19${\alpha}$-HUTs was 0.94 mg/g; that of the glycosides was 0.60 mg/g. The genin quantity was found in the order of 23-hydroxytormentic acid> euscaphic acid> tormentic acid; the glycoside was observed in the order of niga-ichig-oside F$_1$> kaji-ichigoside F$_1$> rosmaultin, by which the biosynthetic pathway of 23-hydroxytormentic acid and its glucoside niga-ichigoside F$_1$ via the intermediates tormentic acid and/or rosamultin was presumed. It is also suggested that the ripe fruits of R. crataegifolius will be desirable to use as functional foods rather than unripe fruits.