• Title/Summary/Keyword: european countries

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A Comparative Study of Private Tutoring in Eastern European Countries (동유럽 국가의 사교육 동향비교: 시장논리로 본 사교육)

  • Yoo, Jae-Bong;Choi, Hyun-Young
    • Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.1-22
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to understand the features of private tutoring and its social and economic implications in Eastern European countries. In recent decades, academic attention to private tutoring increased as the expansion of private tutoring has been noticed globally including Europe, Africa and South America. Firstly, this study will investigate the nature and the scale of private tutoring in Eastern European countries which experienced transition to a democratic and market economy. Secondly, it will analyze the growth of private tutoring in the context of education market. Finally, it will consider some issues relating to intervening private tutoring in order to promote the equal opportunity of education in public education provision.

A Study on Deregulation Trends and Prospects in the Telecommunications Market of European Union (EU통신시장의 규제완화 동향 및 전망 분석)

  • 김방룡;권오성
    • Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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    • v.1 no.3
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    • pp.419-435
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    • 1998
  • The telecommunications market in European Union was fully liberalized as schedule except some member countries on and after January 1, 1998. The full liberalization of telecommunications market which will provide lower charges and various services to consumers. At present, the monopoly on voice telephony services is being maintained in five member countries authorized the implementation delay of liberalization. There are still remain many problems, such as pre-selection of carriers, number portability and interconnection, to solve by January 1, 2000. After examining the basic principle of telecommunication regulations and the liberalization trends of EU countries, we review the future assignments and prospects of European Union. finally we suggest implications for telecommunication policy and carriers in Korea.

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Data Analysis of Coronavirus CoVID-19: Study of Spread and Vaccination in European Countries

  • Hela Turki;Kais Khrouf
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.156-162
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    • 2024
  • Humanity has gone since a long time through several pandemics; we cite H1N1 in 2009 and also Spanish flu in 1917. In December 2019, the health authorities of China detected unexplained cases of pneumonia. The WHO (World Health Organization) has declared the apparition of Covid-19 (novel Coronavirus). In data analysis, multiple approaches and diverse techniques were used to extract useful information from multiple heterogeneous sources and to discover knowledge and new information for decision-making. In this paper, we propose a multidimensional model for analyzing the Coronavirus Covid-19 data (spread and vaccination in European countries).

Development Scheme of Transport Infrastructure in Poland as the European Union Member by Public Private Partnership

  • Stanislaw Barbuzynski;Kim Soo-Yong;Lee Young-Dai
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.5 no.3 s.19
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    • pp.120-127
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    • 2004
  • In May 2004, Poland with nine other Eastern European countries joined the European Union(EU). After accession to the EU, Poland will accelerate the realization of investment in road sector, and wants to achieve important development of its road network condition in year 2005. Polish government is not able to afford the whole investment needed for construction of its motorways, so it wants to develop effective techniques of project funding based on the Public Private Partnerships(PPP). Without having high-performance transport networks, one country's economy cannot be competitive. It was the reason for establishing the Trans European Network(TEN) in the European Union. It creates the links, which are still missing between the fifteen countries of Western Europe and the new member countries like Poland. Consequently, Poland will also need to establish a proper transport infrastructure network. This paper will discuss how the PPP scheme can be applied for the transport infrastructure development in Poland as a EU member.

EU Enlargement: Regional Policy and Regional Disparity (EU 확대에 따른 지역정책 및 지역격차 변화)

  • Moon, Nam-Cheol
    • Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.442-456
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    • 2010
  • The european union used the regional policy for a compensation for a economic loss of the underdeveloped member countries and for a conciliation of the new member countries with a geographical enlargement. As a result, the objet of regional policy and the support eligible regions of structural funds increased. According to the central and eastern europe countries entry into the european union, the european union modified the regional policy: the integration of the dispersed objects of regional policy into the 3 objects, the reduction of the support eligible region of structural funds and the promotion of the interregional cohesion policy. The development disparities of the between the member countries converged. But the inter-local development disparities of a intra-member country dispersed. This tendency means that the regional policy of the european union contributed for the reduction of development disparities between the member countries but produced no effect on the diminution of the inter-local disparities of a intra-member country because of the regional differentiation of locational conditions.

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An Empirical Study on the Consumption Risk Sharing across the EU Regions (EU 지역간 소비위험분산에 대한 실증연구)

  • Park, You-Jin;Song, Jeongseok
    • International Area Studies Review
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.89-115
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    • 2009
  • By measuring the consumption risk sharing for the EU regions, we evaluate the performance of various risk sharing channels for the EU. We identify which countries are likely to form the highest risk sharing group among the EU regions by using the DFFITS and DFBETAS diagnostics derived in a statistical regression. Our finding suggests that most western European countries seem to display homogeneous degree of risk sharing. In addition, our result confirms that high risk sharing regions as well as low risk sharing regions are mainly located in many eastern European countries that joined the EU later than western European countries, and implies that the EU members are still dichotomized at large in terms of consumption risk sharing.

Review of Guidelines for Radon and Estimation of Radiation dose (라돈의 가이드라인 고찰 및 선량 예측)

  • Chung, Eun Kyo;Kim, Kab Bae;Jang, Jae Kil;Song, Se Wook
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.109-118
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: To review reference levels by the international and domestic management and provide the basis for setting occupational exposure limits(OELs) of radon in Korea Methods: Government's organizations with laws and systems for monitoring radon exposure were investigated and compared. There are five laws governing Indoor Air Quality(IAQ) control such as Occupational Safety and Health Act, Indoor Air Quality Control in Public Use Facilities, Etc. Act, School Health Act, Public Health Control Act and Parking Lot Act in Korea. It was surveyed that a total of 32 countries including 24 countries in the European Union(EU), six countries in Asian and two countries in North America setting the reference levels for radon in the world. Results: In Korea, there are set guidelines for radon in the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Education. Reference levels of radon for existing dwellings were $150{\sim}400Bq/m^3$ for Western European countries, and $200{\sim}1,500Bq/m^3$ in Eastern European countries. Approximately 67% of those EU countries were set up $400Bq/m^3$ to the standards for existing dwellings. EU countries such as Luxembourg, Finland, Norway, Sweden and Russia had adopted mandatory level for radon. Radon guidelines for new dwellings were set more strictly reference level($200Bq/m^3$) than existing dwellings. Conclusions: International organizations such as ICRP, UNSCEAR and NCRP, etc. had recommended the guidelines for radon. It was calculated the relation of the dose conversion factors with the annual effective doses. the OELs of radon suggest to need to establish $150Bq/m^3$ for office room and $400{\sim}1,000Bq/m^3$ for the workplace.

Methods of Regulating Migration Processes in EU Countries

  • Hamova, Oksana;Dergach, Anna;Pikulyk, Oksana;Zolotykh, Irina;Diachenko, Kateryna
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.257-265
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    • 2021
  • Modern methods of regulating migration processes in EU states include a wide variety of adapted, transformed under the sway of globalization tools in order to influence the movement of human capital within the European space. The main purpose of the regulatory policy on migration flows is the redistribution of professionally competent professionals between different spheres of life. Herewith, the determining factor in the effectiveness of such distribution is a rational combination of stimulating and disincentive levers of influence on the movement of citizens of different EU countries and taking into account the motives of such mobility. Modernization of migration management approaches can be a major economic, social, political and cultural progress of European countries. The purpose of the research is to conduct a detailed analysis of existing practices of migration flow management, in particular their stimulation or containment, and to outline key migration trends formed under the influence of multicomponent approaches to migration regulation, transformation of regulatory legislation and changing priorities of modern society. The research methods: statistical-analytical method; ARIS method; method of tabular, graphical and analytical modeling; comparative analysis; systematization, generalization. Results. Current pan-European methods of regulating migration processes are insufficiently adapted to the multinational socialeconomic space; consequently, there are some disparities in the distribution of migrants between EU countries, although the overall dynamics of migration is positive. Fluctuations in the population of European countries during 2000-2019 and trends in the transformation of social-economic space confirm the insufficient level of influence of current methods of regulating migration flows. Along with this, the presence of a characteristic asymmetry in the distribution of migrants requires a greater focus on the modernization of regulatory instruments, in particular, the regulatory mechanism for managing migration processes. As a result of the conducted study, further prospects for the implementation of alternative methods of regulating migration processes in EU states have been outlined; the current and projected limits for increasing the level of observance of migrants' rights at the European level have been clarified through the adoption of appropriate regulatory acts; effective solutions for intensifying the influx of high-quality labor resources from different countries to EU have been identified. The research results can be used to study methods of regulating migration processes in the countries in the global dimension.

An Approach to Regionalism on the Creation of a European Single Aviation Market: From the Viewpoint of the EU's Strategic Response against the US (유럽 단일항공시장 형성에 관한 지역주의적 접근 - EU의 미국에 대한 전략적 대응 관점에서 -)

  • Suh Jeongwook
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.39 no.6 s.105
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    • pp.955-970
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    • 2004
  • With the flow of globalization, world aviation markets are showing growing trends toward liberalization, deregulation, and privatization. At the same time, also apparent is a strong trend toward regionalism on aviation markets to realize open skies at the regional level. This research examines the recent trend of regionalism in the world aviation market from a political economic perspective, taking a single European aviation market as an example. The results show that the creation of a single European aviation market is the EU's strategic response against the US to enhance the European aviation industry's competitiveness. More specifically, the results show that the European countries are creating a single European aviation market in order to stand against the US' so-called 'divide and nile policy' and 'encirclement strategy' and to make their airliners to have competitive advantages over the US airliners on the lucrative North-Atlantic air routes. Recently, the single European aviation market is expanding by including the Mediterranean and Balkan states to pursue Pan European aviation cooperation and to develop European Common Aviation Area so that it can continuously enhance its negotiating leverage against external markets. The results imply that it is urgent for the Northeast Asian countries to create their own regional aviation bloc to develop their aviation industry and to increase their negotiating power against external countries.

Evaluation of ICT Policy for the Agriculture and Rural Development in Developed Countries: A Comprehensive Lesson for Developing Countries

  • Hossain, Md. Dulal
    • Agribusiness and Information Management
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.61-80
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    • 2009
  • Information and Communication Technology is now widely accepted by developing countries as a development tool in their efforts to alleviate poverty, enhance human development, and achieve Millennium Development Goals. Recognizing this untapped potential and development strategies incorporating ICT are being increasingly promoted and launched across the developing countries requiring a comprehensive ICT policy that plays a crucial rule, in particular, in the area of agriculture and rural development. While the potential advantages of ICT for development are enormous in developed countries, national policies of developing countries are yet to adequately reflect truly comprehensive and integrated strategies for harnessing and exploiting this potential. This paper tries to provide implication of ICT policy to the agriculture and rural development in developing countries, in particular through lessons learned from European Union (EU) IT policy. Through the examination of vital projects in the agriculture and rural development sectors and case study analysis of applied policies and strategies implemented in the European Union, this paper provides tangible examples and lessons for policy-makers and practitioners involved in the field. Hence, this study provides policy-makers the necessary tools, information and knowledge to facilitate the formulation and adoption of ICT policies and strategies in the agriculture and rural development sector.

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