• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.383.3-384
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• 2002

Rosmarinic acid (1) and methyl rosmarinic acid (2), isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) were found to be the tyrosinase inhibitors and scavengers of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrzyl (DPPH) radical. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited the oxidation of L-tyrosine catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase with $IC_{50}$/ of 16.8 $\mu\textrm{M}$ and 21.5 $\mu\textrm{M}$. respectively. It compared well with kojic acid. a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor. with an $IC_{50}$ of 22.4 $\mu\textrm{M}$. The inhibitory kinetics, analyzed by a Lineweaver-Burk plot, found rosmarinic acid and its methyl ester to be competitive inhibitors with $K_{i}$ of $2.35{\times}10^{-5}M$ and $1.52{\times}10^{-5}M$ respectively. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 showed the scavenging activities on DPPH radical, with $IC_{50}$ of 4.27 $\mu\textrm{M}$ and 3.05 $\mu\textrm{M}$. respectively. These scavenging effects were more potent than that of L-ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}$ = 11.75$\mu\textrm{M}$).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.111.2-112
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• 2003

A total of 20 extracts derived from different plant family commonly used in Indonesian traditional inflammation medicine were screened for their inhibitory effect on soybean lipoxygenase (SBL) and hyaluronidase (HAse) activity. Three methanol extracts, the bark of Cinnamomum burmanni (CB), the leaves of Piper betel (PB), and fruit of Barringtonia acutangula (BA) were found to have high inhibitory effects, whereas the methanol extract of the leaves of Mimusops elengi (ME) have medium inhibitory effect. The IC50 of CB, PB, BA and ME were found to be 21.7, 16.9, 39.1 and 62.8 g/$m\ell$, respectively. Among the tested extracts, only CB inhibited HAse (IC50 = 27g/$m\ell$). CB was successively fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. The EtOAc fraction having the strongest activity was fractionated and some compounds were isolated and purified by a preparative HPLC(Develosil ODS-HG-5 column). Coumarin and 2-hydroxy cinnamaldehyde. were identified through the analyses of UV-Vis absorption 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FAB+-MS spectra.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2007

Effects of Oplopanax elatus have known to various pharmaceutical therapies. However, chemical prosperities in the plant are rarely investigated. In order to detect biological activity, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of five fractions from methanolic extracts in each part of O. elatus. Also, contents of polyphenols and polysaccharides were measured. Five fractions were of sub-fractions using n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, n-butanol, and water from methanolic extracts. Ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions from stem and root exhibited strong antioxidant activity and high total phenolics content. On the HPLC analysis, ten free phenolics, including p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-cou maric acid, ferulic acid, naringin, hesperidin, quercetin and trans-cinnamic acid, were identified from the fractions and were shown to different quantitative proportions. Furthermore, ethylacetate and n-butanol fraction had the highest amount of chlorogenic acids, one of the cinnamic acid derivatives possessing pharmacological properties. These results indicated that the fractions of O. elatus, as well as methanolic extracts, could be used as natural antioxidative ingredients.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2011

Antimicrobial activity and bactericidal activity of Caesalpinia sappan L. extracts were investigated against five food-borne pathogens, E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, B. cereus and L. monocytogenes. Methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. revealed antimicrobial activities against five pathogens. In particular, by paper disc diffusion the highest activity was shown against L. monocytogenes. Antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts showed the most potent activities, but hexane fraction had no activity. Fractions of ethyl acetate and butanol turned out to have higher antimicrobial activities against Gram(+) bacteria than Gram(-) bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration against five food-borne pathogens was 1.563 mg/ml on Gram(+) bacteria and 3.125 mg/ml on Gram(-) bacteria. The result of antimicrobial activity in a shaking flask method showed that bacterial growth rate fell by more than 99.999% at 3.125 mg/ml of methanol extract. The highest rate of viable reduction (99.998%) was shown at 0.781 mg/ml of methanol extract against L. monocytogenes. After five minutes of reaction between test strains and methanol extracts, the growth rates of five kinds of bacteria were reduced by more than 99.999% at a concentration of 100 mg/ml. Therefore, it is suggested that methanol extracts of Caesalpinia sappan L. can be developed as a natural sanitizer or disinfectant.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.130-135
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• 2006

The present study describes the preliminary evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of the extracts from Inula japonica. I. japonica was extracted with methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water, and then cytotoxic activity of these extracts were evaluated. The cytotoxic activity of each extract was assessed by the MTT-dye reduction assay. Both ethanol and acetone extracts from I. japonica showed the cytotoxic activity against the HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Furthermore, the ethanol extract was fractionated with n-hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and water according to degree of Polarity, The diethyl ether fraction showed the highest cytotoxic activity against HT-29 cells, but the other fractions showed low cytotokic activity. In addition, diethyl ether layer also showed the cytotoxic activity against various tumor cells, such as human colon carcinoma SW620, human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa, and human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells as well as HT-29 cells. These studies support that extracts of I. japonica may be a potential candidate as possible chemotherapeutic agent against human cancer.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.311-315
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• 2013

Ribes fasciculatum (Saxifragaceae) has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of cough, antidote, cold, lacquer poison, and sore throat. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-nociceptive effects of ethyl acetate fraction of Ribes fasciculatum (ERF) in mice. Test results of tail-immersion test and hot plate test revealed that the ERF had strong anti-nociceptive activities on thermal nociception in a dose dependent manner, indicating ERF's anti-nociception on the central pain. Moreover, the acetic acid-induced chemical nociception was also significantly reduced by ERF treatment. This result shows that ERF may also work on the peripheral pain. We further performed formalin test to confirm ERF's anti-nociceptive properties and found that pain responses were significantly decreased by ERF treatment. Interestingly, in the combination test with naloxone, the analgesic activity of ERF was not changed, indicating that the opioid receptor was not involved in the ERF-mediated anti-nociception. These results indicate that ERF might be possibly used as a painkiller for the treatment of nociceptive pains.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1037-1041
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• 2005

Geranium (Pelargonium inquinans Ait) leaves were extracted with $80\%$ MeOH, and partitioned into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, BuOH and $H_2O$ to isolate the anticoagulant principles. The EtOAc fraction was found to be the most active, and was further purified using silica and octadecylisilane column chromatography employing a bioassay-guided fractionation method. The active compound was isolated and identified as $1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-\beta-D-glucopyranose$(PGG) (compound I). The isolated anticoagulant significantly prolonged the activated partial thrombin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) using normal human plasma. One microgram of $1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-\beta-D-glucopyranose$ showed 0.063 heparin units in the APTT and 2.73 heparin units in the TT for anti-thrombosis. This is the first report of the isolation of PGG from geranium plants.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 2020

Helicobacter pylori is a well-known pathogen that is responsible for gastric disorders. Overcoming of the antibiotic-resistance is a main barrier to treat H. pylori infection. In our search for anti-H. pylori compounds from natural resources, bioactivity-guided isolation on the ethyl acetate fraction of Fraxinus mandshurica bark that had shown anti-H. pylori activity gave twelve compounds (1 - 12) of six coumarins, three phenylethanoids, two secoiridoids, and a lignan using silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex-LH 20, and recrystallization. The chemical structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR, and mass spectrometry. Among them, compounds 2, 10, and 11 showed moderate growth inhibitory activity against three strains of H. pylori, compared with positive controls of quercetin and metronidazole. Compounds 5, 6, 8, and 12 exhibited the inhibitory activity against strains 26695 or 43504. This is the first report on the anti-H. pylori activity of this plant and the isolated compounds.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.414-419
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• 2006

Prostaglandins biosynthesis and nitric oxide production have been implicated in the process of inflammation and osteoarthritis. And nitric oxide (NO) activated the MMPs responsible for PG degradation in articular chondrocytes. Therefore, we have studied the effects on anti-inflammation and analgesic by ethyl acetate fraction from 70% ethanol extract of Perilla Frutescens (EPF). EPF inhibited LPS plus inflammation-cytokines-induced proteoglycan (PG) degradation, matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP-2,9) expression in rabbit articular chondrocytes. Also, EPF have inhibitory effects on LPS or LPS plus inflammation cytokines-induced nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2 production in mouse macrophage andrabbit articular chondrocytes. These results suggest that EPF decreases PGE2, iNOS, MMPs activity and PG degradation in mouse macrophage and/or rabbit articular chondrocytes. In vivo, EPF was shown to have inhibitory effects on acetic acid-induced pain. The herbal extract with this profile, may have utility in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.384-388
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• 2016

Reactive oxygen species are tumorigenic by their ability to increase cell proliferation, survival, and cellular migration. The purpose of the present study was to compare the antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effects of 3 berry extracts (strawberry, Korean raspberry, and mulberry) in A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells. Except for raspberry, the ethyl acetate or methylene chloride fractions of berries containing phenolic compounds exerted dose dependent free radical scavenging activities. In the raspberry fractions, the hexane fraction also exhibited potent antioxidant activity. The cytotoxic effects of berries extracts in A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells were measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Surprisingly, co-treatment with n-butanol (BuOH) fractions of berries showed stronger cytotoxic effects compared to the other fractions. These findings suggest that potent anticancer molecules are found in the BuOH fractions of berries that have stronger cytotoxic activity than antioxidants.