• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.675-690
• /
• 2007

It has been widely believed that the ethnic relations in Honolulu and Hawai'i in the early twentieth century were little associated with racist ideology because the white race was minority in terms of the racial composition. In reality, however, the racial and ethnic issues have played a major role in forming the past and present relations among ethnic groups. This study shows that the white-supremacy ideology exerted a strong influence on minority groups in Honolulu throughout the immigration and settling-down process, as much as in the mainland U.S. Clear occupational stratification and residential segregation among the ethnic groups in Honolulu represented almost the same situation as in mainland cities. The social segregation and spatial propinquity of their residential neighborhoods facilitated the construction of dichotomized identity: "Local" versus "Haole". Such transformed identities were a product of on-going inter-ethnic negotiation process embedded in the non-white multi-ethnic neighborhoods.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.527-538
• /
• 2001

Viewed from the framework of world system, international migration is connected sometimes to unequal power relations by prejudice and discrimination in destination areas, or to equal power relations by intentional effort for harmonious multiculturalism. According to the existing ethnic relation theory, assimiationism, it is natural that ethnicity is fading away as the foreign immigrants of different ethnic background have long limed in a destination area, and thus the relative urban ethnic places are weakened and finally dissapeared. Through the various examples particularly on the United States, however, ethnicity would not be easily fading-away but be sustained for long time. Also, the characteristics of ethnicity or ethnic place are sometimes reivented or reconstructed as the various situation of multiculturalism is affected by postmodernism. Whether it is the thing made by ethnic segregation or by ethnic congregation, ethnicity and ethnic place are evidently a kind of affluent resources of culture and economy in the destination areas.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.487-500
• /
• 2010

In the history of colonization, how and to what extent the colonizer interacted with the local population differed according to race relations in specific periods. Generally speaking, social or sexual contact between two communities was tolerated when race relations were relatively relaxed. When the racial relationship became aggravated, however, such contact between the colonizer and the colonized was discouraged in order to forge and maintain ethnic solidarity. In Ireland, the colonizer's interaction with the colonized was not different from that of colonized countries in the Third World. Unlike those colonies, however, the settlers, that is, Protestants, simply could not be treated as the colonizer because they had lived in Ireland long enough to assert their Irishness. Joyce is keenly interested in intergender ethnic boundary crossings. In his works, two kinds of ethno-sexual interactions are presented from two totally different perspectives. As shown in the cases of the young lady in the street stall, Polly, Milkwoman, Sheila, and Cissy, Joyce describes the interaction of Irish women with Englishmen from a skeptical viewpoint. All of those cases demonstrate typical relationships epitomizing power relations in a colonial society. They reflect the turbulent time at the beginning of the century when Ireland had to fight with England to gain its independence. At such a transitional time, the ethnic relationship became aggravated and boundary crossings were discouraged. On the other hand, through the relationship between Stephen and Eileen, Girty and Reggy Wylie, Browne and Irish ladies, and Mr. & Mrs. Kernan, Joyce presents the interaction between Protestants and Catholics in terms of romantic or human relationships rather than power relations. From his description of those interactions, we can assume that Joyce, in the time of nation building, provided a blueprint for the future Irish nation, where Protestants and Catholics could build a nation and live harmoniously.

• SUVANNABHUMI
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.51-77
• /
• 2016

This paper argues and shows how ethnic dimension is still very important in understanding political contestations in Malaysia. To do this, the paper reviews the political as well as population demography to back its assertion. And it is not necessarily improper to continue to use this ethnic lens, although the continued use of this approach has come under heavy criticism both within and from outside Malaysia. Raging debates in Malaysia and by Malaysians are still very much shaped by ethnicity and increasing regional differences. This is further compounded by other factors such as religion, language, and education. In fact, these tools have been more intensely used of late compared to any period before in history as they easily politicize and attract followers.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2009

The existence of Korean schools is one of the salient characteristics of Overseas Koreans. How do such schools for Korean immigrants' children try to construct Korean ethnic identity? Also, how is immigrant children's ethnic identity developed and reinforced by the education at those schools? This paper explores these questions based on an ethnographic research at a Korean school in Paris from September 2005 to December 2007. The cultural education for immigrant children at the Korean school has a tendency to emphasize the most exotic traits of Korean culture. And this emphasis on the unfamiliar elements of Korean culture doesn't seem to help to form the ethnic identity of Korean immigrants' children. Instead, the students appear to get the sense of being a member of Koreans more from the education outside of classroom such as scholastic events than in a classroom of a Korean school. That's because scholastic events allow them to play out some of the Korean culture in more inter-ethnic settings. Therefore, it can be concluded that ethnicity of immigrant children is rather developed in inter-ethnic social contexts than born with or taught in class.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.263-279
• /
• 2008

Arif Dirlik in Postmodernity's Histories sees the issue of re-ethnicization in the case of John Huang, China's alleged attempt at lobbying the Clinton administration. In this view, Americans with Chinese surnames were suspected by the US Justice Department to be possible spies working for Beijing. Reethnicization here seems to serve the mainstream society in reducing an ethnic minority to a group of aliens operating for their countries of origin. However, re-ethnicization is not necessarily a one-way oppressive operation; it is often made use of by the ethnic minorities in their efforts to adapt to their country of arrival. Haroon and Karim, the protagonists of Hanif Kureishi's The Buddha of Suburbia, are cases in point. They are portrayed as winning social recognition and securing a place of their own within the hostile host society through a strategic use of re-ethnicization, that is, masquerading as 'genuine Orientals.' This study brings to light possible fallacies or misguided expectations concerning the political position of first- and second-generation immigrants. One of the fallacies is found in the racist metropolis, which regards the ethnic minorities as a sort of resident aliens, no matter what immigrant generation the latter belongs to. Another fallacy is found in the kind of postcolonial criticism that automatically regards an anti-racist critique advanced by people like Kureishi as something motivated by a confrontational tactic, that is, an attempt at subverting the colonial power relations. The conclusion of this study is that Kureishi's agenda, as presented in The Buddha of Suburbia, is neither the preservation of an ethnic identity nor the subversion of colonial power relations but survival in the metropolis. On this account Kureish's agenda can be called a micro-politics.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.957-962
• /
• 2007

By focusing on the consumers who have experienced ethnic restaurants in Korea for the last three months, this research intends to figure out relations among utility motivation, pleasure motivation, ostentation motivation and feeling of pleasure and how they effect consumers' emotions and level of satisfaction to find out about more desirable services and characteristics for the consumers in order for the ethnic restaurants to secure more competitiveness, and to inform how they should set their aims for more success. This research limited surveyees to online consumers who have experienced ethnic restaurants in the past three months. The period of survey was from April 25 2007 to May 10 2007. For basic analysis of actual research, SPSS program was used to analyze the Cronbach a and factor analysis. And structural equation modeling analysis was used to analyze correlations and grade of effectiveness of variables proposed in the research hypothesis utilizing Window AMOS 5.0. As a result of this research, utility motivation has effect on the happiness and the other motivation has effect on the enjoyment. Enjoyment effect on the happiness and only happiness effect on the satisfaction. Satisfaction has effect on the re-visit intention. Through this research, it could proposes a strategic direction to which the increasing ethnic restaurants should develop themselves.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.111-145
• /
• 2003

This paper attempts to explore recent socio-demographic changes of the ethnic Korean population in Yanbian autonomous prefecture. Due to rapid decrease in the level of fertility and population ageing, Korean minority society in China has been in a process of profound transition after the introduction of the market economy and establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and China. The changes in demographic behaviors and in the structure of population appear to be much faster among Koreans than Hans. Results from the 2000 population census reveal that the Korean population in Yanbian, where ethnic Koreans are most densely populated in China, has been in a decreasing trends in absolute numbers and in its proportion to the total population. The growing tendency of regional mobility for work and for marriage, rapid expansion of residential areas, serious crisis of ethnic schools of Korean community, and weakening social integration and ethnic identification of Koreans in Yanbian are discussed in this study. It is expected that socio-demographic transition of Korean society in Yanbian will be even more drastic over the coming decades. The rapid changes in demographic behaviors and in the structure of population has major consequences and implications for every sphere of human life, and will present enormous challenges for the status of Korean minority society in China. Along with various statistical data on Yanbian, micro-level data as well as published reports from the 1990 Chinese population census for Yanbian and the 2000 Chinese population census are analyzed in this study. In addition to sex ratios and age ratios, various indices are calculated to analyze the characteristics and accuracy of the data from the 1990 and 2000 population censuses of China.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.38 no.12
• /
• pp.159-175
• /
• 2000

This study examined the relations of acculturation and parenting behaviors of 279 Korean-Chinese mothers living in Yanbian Area in China to Adjustment of their eighth- and ninth-grade children. The mothers completed a questionnaire consisted of items regarding daily eating habits(food life) and language use, the acculturation scale, and the parenting scale, and their children completed the depression, self-esteem, and social competence scale. While most of mothers preferred Korean food to Chinese food, they preferred Chinese to Korean in daily language use. The mothers'ethnic identity was negatively related to depression of their children, whereas their out-group orientation was positively related to social competence of their children. In general, the relation between mothers'acculturation and adjustment of their children was not mediated by their parenting behaviors. But maternal warmth and acceptance partly mediated the relation between their out-group orientation and social competence of their children. These results imply that their acculturation tends to have direct effects on adjustment of their children.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.11
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2022

The article determines that, in the preservation of cultural heritage, lifestyle, an important role is played by the subjects' high assessment of the probability of achieving the result they need through the implementation of traditional models, ways of interaction. If dissatisfaction with the results of interaction is great, but there are no necessary conditions for a phased resolution of contradictions, for changing, developing interpersonal relations within the framework of the existing system, interaction becomes more difficult. It has been determined that the presence of effective models that show the possibility of meeting the requirements for the psyche of a variety of individuals from the side of activity, activating an extended search for mutually acceptable ways to success, depends on the development of the personality and its social relations, the success of interaction between people, socially psychological climate in the team.