• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.79-83
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• 2014

Three different dutasteride extraction methods were compared and a method based on liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using methyl tert-butyl ether and methylene chloride was proved to be more effective than others for the extraction of dutasteride and finasteride, the internal standard (IS), from rat plasma. Additionally, a method composed of the LLE extraction, liquid chromatography, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) to target dutasteride and IS was validated by assessing specificity, linearity ($r^2$ = 0.9993, 5 - 400 ng/mL), sensitivity (the limit of detection: 4.03 ng/mL; the limit of quantitation: 12.10 ng/mL), accuracy (intra-day: 89.4 - 105.9%; inter-day: 84.9 - 100.9%), precision (intra-day: 0.8 - 6.9%; inter-day: 2.9 - 15.9%), and recovery (84.7 - 107.8%). Since the validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of dutasteride, it can be useful for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of newly developed dutasteride formulations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1144-1148
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• 2001

The implications of incorporating deoiled rice bran (DORB) in diet on the utilization of certain nutrients had been examined through balance studies made with 6- and 10- week-old Japanese quails. The stuffs evaluated in this study had their origin from two different types of processes- a batch extraction (DORB-B) and another continuous process (DORB-C), and each included at 10, 20 or 30% level in an iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diet. On chemical analyses, the DORB-B was found to contain crude protein, 19.0; ether extract, 0.79; total ash, 17.05; Ca, 0.11; P, 1.92; glucose, 2.35 and starch 11.22 g/100 g day matter. Corresponding values for DORB-C were 15.02, 1.56, 13.0, 0.40, 2.76, 2.16 and 19.0, respectively. The data on nutrient balances with quails fed diets containing the two-types of DORB suggested no significant (p>0.05) differences in per cent retention of diet dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), gross energy (GE), nitrogen (N), crude fiber (CF), calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) content attributable to the extraction process. The age of the birds also appeared to have no significant (p>0.05) effect on nutrient utilization by them. However, the level of inclusion of DORB had a significant (p<0.05) effect on nutrient utilization by quails in that the retention of dietary N, EE, CF, Ca and P was better at lower than at higher levels. It is concluded that the DORB, irrespective of extraction process, can safely be employed upto 20% level in diet of adult Japanese quails without noticeable interference in utilizing the major dietary nutrients.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 1992

This study was divised to observe the inhibitory effect of growth rate of human colon cancer cells by Eucommial leaf extract, in vitro. Three species of human colon cancer cells, HRT-18, HCT-48 and HT-29, were used for the experiment. Each extract of Eucommial leaf was prepared by extraction with water, 95% alcohol, acetone, chloroform and petroleum ether, and then the inhibitory effect of each extract on the growth rate of cells was compared with control group and each other. The experimental results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Inhibitory effects on growth rate of human colon cancer fells were strongest in the petroleum ether extract and next in the chloroform extract. 2. Inhibitory effects on the growth rate of the cancer cells by extracts of water, 95% alcohol and acetone were weaker than that of petroleum ether and chloroform. 3. Inhibitory effect of each extract on the cancer cell growth was shown most strong activity in HT-29, and was in order of HRT 18 and HCT-48. In view of the results, it could be suggested that inhibitory effects of non-polar solvent's extracts against the cancer cell growth were more stronger than that of polar solvents and the effects were indicated difference according to the species of the cells.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.206-209
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• 1985

White needle crystalline compound, mp.\;78{\sim}79$, was isolated from the petroleum ether fraction of the aerial parts of Chenopodium acuminatum. This compound was supposed to be cycloalkane by chemical properties, spectral data and elemental analysis. After extraction with petroleum ether, the methanolic extract of this plant found to contain aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, cystine, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. Inorganic elements contained in this plant are as following: Mg 4.84%, Ca 9.602%, Zn 1.11%, K 29.104%, Mn 5.124%, Fe 27.039%, Co 0.31%, Pb 0.995%, Na 0.039% and Cu, 0.0076%.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 1995

Rapid gas chromatographic profiling method was applied to saliva from healthy subjects for the analysis of free organic acids. Saliva samples were first saturated with NaHCO$_{3}$ and extracted with diethyl ether. The aqueous phase was solid-phase extracted using Chromosorb P as the adsorbent and diethyl ether as the eluent after the acidification and NaCl saturation, followed by triethylamine treatment. The resulting tiiethylammonium salts of acids were directly converted into stable tert.-butyl-dimethylsflyl derivatives, with subsequent analysis by dual-capiuary column gas chromatography and gas chromatograpy -mass spectrometry. From the ten saliva samples studied, twenty eight free organic acids including various fatty acids, hydroxy acids, dicarboxylic acids, md aromatic acids were tentatively identified. Among the acids identified , the concentration of lactic acid was highest for five saliva samples while $\alpha$-hydroxyisocaproic acid was most abundant for me sample, and succinic acid and glycolic acid for two samples. respectively. When the GC profiles were simplified to the corresponding acid retention index spectra of bar graphical form, they presented characteristic patterns for each individual.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.493-498
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• 1995

Ultrathin networks of itaconic acid copolymers and poly(allylamine) were produced by a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique employing a double-chain amine as a monolayer template which was subsequently removed by extraction after thermal crosslinking. Itaconic acid copolymers used were copoly (itaconic acid-ethyl vinyl ether) and copoly (itaconic acid-n-butyl vinyl ether). The polyion-complexed monolayers of three components consisting of template amine, itaconic acid copolymer and poly (allylamine) were formed at the air-water interface. The Langmuir film properties have been studied by the surface pressure-area isotherm and fluorescence microscopy. The monolayers were transferred on solid substrates and were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two-dimensional polymer networks were formed through imide or amide linkages by heat treatment under vacuum. The heat-treated films were extracted with chloroform after immersion in aq. sodium chloride to remove the template amines. SEM observation of a LB film on a porous fluorocarbon membrane filter with pore diameter of 0.1 μm showed covering of the pores by six layers in the polyion complex state.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 1974

Quantitative analysis of the fatty acids contained in Amorpha-fruticosa seeds was carried out by means of gas chromatography with F.I.D. The general components and chemical constants have been performed with A.O.A.C methods. The results are summarized as follow: 1. General components of Amorpha-fruticosa seeds come out to be 17.65% moisture, 21.02% crude protein, 12.04% crude lipid and 5.37% ash. 2. Extraction of crude lipids were performed by soxhlet extractor for 14 hour. Amounts of the crude lipids were extracted 80.25% in ether, 80.00% in methanol, 77.34% in benzene and 69.96% in hexane. 3. Chemical constants of Amorpha-fruticosa seed oil were saponification number 178.67, acid number 3.11 and iodine number 54.27. 4. The fatty acid components of Amorpha-fruticosa seeds were quantitatively determined by gas chromatography to give 78.73wt% linoleic, 5.8wt% oleic, 5.68wt% palmitic, 4.8wt% stearic and 3.40wt% linolenic acid in ether solvent and to give 77.86wt% linoleic, 7.77wt% palmitic, 5.84wt oleic and 4.97wt% stearic acid in methanol solvent. The peak of capric acid was not found. Myristic, arachidic and lauric acids were very small.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.3979-3990
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• 2011

Eight ionizable nano-baskets of cone 25,26-di(carboxymethoxy)calix[4]arene-crown-3,4,5,6 were synthesized and were verified by $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The competitive solvent extractions of alkali and alkaline earth metal cations were studied using such nano-baskets. The novelty of this study is including three binding units of calixarene's bowl, crown ether's ring and electron-donor ionizable moieties in a unique scaffold to assess the binding tendency towards the cations. The objective of this work is to study the extraction efficiency, selectivity and $pH_{1/2}$ of such complexes. The result of solvent extraction experiments indicated that these compounds were effective extractants of alkali and alkaline earth metal cations. Their selectivities were greatly influenced by the acidity of solution and the conformations of the calixcrown. One conformer was selective to $Na^+$ in pH ${\geq}$ 4, while the other was highly selective to $Ba^{2+}$ in pH 6 and upper.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.341-349
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• 2009

Natural grape extraction was extracted from grape component using diethyl ether as a solvent, and we tested various pharmaceutical and chemical characteristics of this extract. Characteristic experiments to use natural grape extract tested antimicrobial experiment using microbe in pharmaceutical material, and tested dye experiment using fiber in chemical material. From the result of characteristics experiment, some conclusions are obtained as follow. From the result of characteristics experiment, it obtained about 7.5%-grape extraction ratio as semi-solid state, and after dried in freezing from grape extract of semi-solid state, it obtained about 10%-grape extraction ratio as solid state of dark purple color. From result of antimicrobial experiment of grape extract, number of staphylococcus aureus (KCMC-01) and aspergillus niger (KCMC-02) in microbe decreased more and more according to time passage. This phenomenon showed that grape extract influences to antimicrobial effect. From the result of dye experiment of grape extract, it appeared in direction of dark purple color after dyed to use cotton and silk with fiber to control in pH 7.5. Specially the result which confirmed dye of fiber with optical electron microscope(OEM), we could know that it appears darker silk than cotton.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.330-336
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• 2014

Purification of indole contained in model coal tar absorption oil was examined by extraction-distillation-crystallization combination. The absorption oil consists of nine components such as four kinds of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds (9.2% quinoline, 2.4% iso-quinoline, 4.7% indole, 2.4% quinaldine), three kinds of bicyclic aromatic compounds (14.2% 1-methylnaphthalene, 31.8% 2-methylnaphthalene, 23.5% dimethylnaphthalene), 5.5% biphenyl and 3.3% phenyl ether. 99.5% indole was recovered by combination of formamide extraction-distillation-solute crystallization using n-hexane. Furthermore, the recovery process of indole contained in coal tar absorption oil was studied by using the experimental results obtained by each operation of this work.