• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2020

알코올성 간손상을 유발한 마우스 모델에서 새싹인삼 지상부 추출물(HGE)의 간 보호 효과를 확인하였다. 알코올성 간손상 모델은 25% 알코올을 마우스에 5 g/kg의 농도로 경구 투여하여 이루어졌고, HGE를 투여한 군에는 알코올을 투여하기 3일전부터 경구투여를 시작하여 10일간 마우스 개체 당 4와 12 mg/kg의 농도로 경구투여 하였다. HGE를 투여한 그룹에서는 알코올만 처리한 대조군에 비해 AST 및 ALT 수치가 농도의존적으로 낮아진 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 간손상에 의해 증가된 LDH 수치는 대조군과 유사하게 감소하였다. 새싹인삼 지상부 추출물로 부터 ginsenoside F5, F3, F1, 및 F2의 정량분석 결과는 각각 2.5, 4.4, 1.4, 및 23.3 mg/g으로 확인하였다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2004

Liver and serum $\beta$-D-mannosidase activities were determined in ethanol intoxicated rats with extrahepatic cholestasis induced by common bile duct ligation (CBD) to manifest the biochemical background of alcohol drinking hazard under the hepatobiliary disease. Liver $\beta$-D-mannosidase activity and its Vmax value in CBD ligated rats with chronic ethanol intoxication were found to be significantly decreased than that in CBD ligation alone. However, the difference of Km value on above hepatic enzyme was not found between the experimental groups. On the other hand, serum $\beta$-D-mannosidase activity in CBD ligated rats with chronic ethanol intoxication was increased more than that in CBD ligation alone. These results indicate that the biosynthesis of the hepatic $\beta$-D-mannosidase decreases and the serum $\beta$-D-mannosidase activity increases in cholestasis combined with chronic ehtanol intoxication, reflecting damage of aggravated hapatocytic membrane. Accordingly, the resulting data supported the fact that alcoholic drinks were enzymologically harmful to the hepatobiliary disease.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1336-1342
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• 2006

모과 에탄올 추출물이 체내 항산화계에 미치는 효과를 구명하기 위하여 in vivo에서 모과 에탄올 추출물이 알코올 투여로 유도된 간조직 손상의 보호효과를 검토한 결과 4주간의 체중증가율과 체중에 대한 간 무게 비율은 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, ET군이 다른 실험군에 비하여 다소 낮은 경향이었다. 식이효율은 ET군이 ND군에 비하여 유의하게 감소되었으나 알코올과 모과 에탄올 추출물을 단독 혹은 병합투여한 ET-CSL군과 ET-CSH군은 ND군의 식이효율과 비슷한 수치를 나타내었다. 혈청 중 ALT, AST 및 ALP 활성은 알코올 투여한 ET군이 실험군들에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였고, 알코올과 모과 에탄올 추출물을 병합 투여한 ET-CSL군과 ET-CSH군은 ET군에 비하여 저하되었다. 간조직 중 과산화지질 함량은 ET-CSL군과 ET-CSH군이 ET군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였으며, ND군과는 비슷한 수치를 나타내었다. 간조직의 XO, SOD, catalase 및 GSH-Px활성은 알코올을 단독 투여한 ET군이 알코올과 모과 에탄올 추출물을 병합 투여한 ET-CSL군과 ET-CSH 군에 비하여 증가하였으며, 모과 에탄올 추출물 투여 용량이 증가할수록 이들 효소의 활성도 농도 의존적으로 감소하였다. 또한 ET-CSL군과 ET-CSH군은 ND군과 이들 효소활성이 유사하였다. 간조직의 GSH 함량은 ET군이 ND군에 비하여 유의하게 감소되었으며, 알코올 투여로 감소된 GSH 함량은 모과 에탄을 추출물 투여로 ND군에 근접하도록 증가시켰다. 이상의 결과 모과 에탄올 추출물은 알코올 투여로 증가된 유리기 해독계 효소인 SOD, catalase 및 GSH-Px 활성은 억제시키고, GSH 함량은 증가시켰으며 지질과산화물 함량을 저하시켰다. 따라서 모과는 항산화제로서의 활용성과 알코올 투여로 손상된 간조직의 보호에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이라는 가능성을 제시해 주었다.성으로 Rg1 함량은 잎의 80% 메탄올 추출물에 $44.15{\mu}g/g$이었고, Re 함량은 잎의 80% 메탄올 추출물에 $48.78{\mu}g/g$으로 가장 많았으며, Rd 함량은 잎의 80% 메탄올 추출물에 $25.57{\mu}g/g$으로 가장 많았고, Rc 함량은 잎의 80% 메탄을 추출물에 $4.87{\mu}g/g$으로 가장 많았다. 항산화활성은 잎의 물 추출물이 83.82%이었으며, 잎의 80% 에탄올 추출물이 89.74%이었으며, 잎의 80% 메탄을 추출물이 88.37%의 활성을 나타내었다.의 순이었다. 7. 액비저장조 이용주체는 전체 농가의 59.0%인 240농가가 자체적으로 이용을 하고 있었으며, 23.1%인 94농가는 액비 유통업체에 위탁하여 이용하고 있었고, 5.2%인 21농가는 방치하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 경종 농가가 부담하는 ha당 액비살포 비용은 미부담 62.7%, 1만원 이상 16.2%, $4{\sim}5$천원 9.8%, $6{\sim}7$천원 9.6%, $8{\sim}9$천원 1.7%로 나타났다. 8. 경종농가의 액비사용전 액비시비처방서 발급은 54.1%인 220농가만이 의뢰한 것으로 나타났고, 41.5%인 169농가는 의뢰하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 액비사용에 대한 사전 교육은 62.4%인 254농가가 교육을 받은 것으로 나타났으며, 30.2%인 123농가는 받지 않은 것으로 나타났고, 교육 자체가 없어서 못 받았다는 농가도 3.9%인 16농가로 나타났다. 9. 액비사용시 문제점은 전체 농가중 절반 이상인 220농가(54.1%)가 악취로 인한 문제라고 하였으며, 22.1%인 90농가는 액비를 뿌릴 수 있는 장비가 부족하다고 하였고, 사용 불편 14.5%(59농가), 과다살포 3.4%(14농가), 비용과다

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Objective : Citri Unshius Pericarpium (Citrus unshiu peel) has been used in Korean medicine to treat indigestion, vomiting, coughing and phlegm. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Citrus unshiu peel (CEE) in cadmium (CdCl2)-treated mouse model. Methods : CEE was dissolved in water and administered orally to mice once a day for 7 consecutive days. The mice were then exposed to a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cadmium (4 mg/kg body weight) to induce acute hepatotoxicity. At the end of the experiment, blood and liver tissue samples were collected, analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and histopathological evaluation. Liver damage was assessed as the percentage of degenerative areas of the hepatic parenchyma, the number of degenerative hepatocytes, and the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells. Results : In cadmium-treated rats, pretreatment with CEE significantly reduced the serum ALT and AST levels associated with liver damage. Histopathologically, CEE prevented degenerative changes on the hepatic tissues including confluent necrosis, congestions and infiltration of inflammatory cells. CEE also reduced the elevation of oxidative stress markers (nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal) and apoptosis markers (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP) positive cells. PARP protein expression in liver tissue was also restored by CEE. Conclusion : This study showed that CEE exerted antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects against cadmium-induced liver injury. Thus, it can be concluded that CEE can be used to prevent liver damage caused by cadmium.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1081-1086
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the medicinal effects of the herbal combination extracts-2 (HCE-2), consisting of Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Lonicera japonica Thunb., Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina, and Hovenia dulcis Thunb. on the alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group (n =6), non-treated control group (n =6), saline-treated group (n =6) and the herbal combination extract (HCE-2)-treated group (n =6). The rats in the alcohol-loaded groups were orally administered with ethanol at a daily dose of 4 g/kg-body weight for 5 weeks. Thirty minutes before the ethanol injection, saline or herbal combination extracts was administered by using a gastrogavage. Blood and liver tissue samples were taken out from the hearts and livers of the rats, respectively, on 15th and 38th days. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also investigated the protective effect of the herbal combination extracts by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining on histological sections of rat liver. In this study, the oral administration of the herbal combination extracts significantly reduced the serum levels of AST and ALT, which had been raised by alcohol-induced liver injury. Histological analysis and apparent observation of liver also showed the preventive effect of the herbal combination extracts in a chronic alcohol-induced rat model. Theses results revealed that the herbal combination extracts effectively prevented hepatic damage consequent to the chronic exposure to repetitive administration of ethanol and could be used as a primary resource of a health beverage or herbal medicine, alleviating the alcohol-induced hepatic injury and hangover symptoms.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.1269-1284
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• 2021

Objectives: Phragmitis Rhizoma is the fresh or dried rhizome of Phragmites communis Trin., which has been prescribed in traditional Korean medicine to relieve fever and vomiting and to nourish the body fluids. Recently, the protective effect of Phragmitis Rhizoma extract or its components on myelotoxicity and inflammatory responses have been reported, but no study has yet been conducted on oxidative stress. Methods: The present study investigated whether an ethanol extract of Phragmitis Rhizoma (PR) could protect against cellular damage induced by oxidative stress in Chang liver cells. Results: Pretreatment with PR significantly suppressed the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced reduction of Chang cell viability and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby deferring apoptosis. PR also markedly inhibited H₂O₂-induced comet tail formation and phospho-γH2AX expression, suggesting that PR protected against oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage. PR also effectively prevented the inhibition of ATP synthesis in H₂O₂-treated Chang cells by inhibiting the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating that PR maintains energy metabolism through preservation of mitochondrial function while eliminating ROS generated by H₂O₂. Immunoblotting results indicated that PR attenuated the H₂O₂-induced downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax expression. Conclusions: PR protects against oxidative injury in Chang liver cells by regulating energy homeostasis via ROS generation blockade, which is at least partly mediated through inactivation of the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2013

Silymarin has been introduced fairly recently as a hepatoprotective agent. But its mechanisms of action still have not been well established. The aim of this study was to make alcoholic fatty liver model of rats in a short time and investigate silymarin's protective effects and possible mechanisms on alcoholic fatty liver for rats. The model of rat's alcoholic fatty liver was induced by intragastric infusion of ethanol and high-fat diet for six weeks. Histopathological changes were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE). The activities of alanine transarninase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), the levels of total bilirubin (TBIL), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in serum were detected with routine laboratory methods using an autoanalyzer. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver homogenates were measured by spectrophotometry. The TG content in liver tissue was determined by spectrophotometry. The expression of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the liver were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Silymarin effectively protected liver from alcohol-induced injury as evidenced by improving histological damage situation, reducing ALT and AST activities and TBIL level in serum, increasing SOD and GPx activities and decreasing MDA content in liver homogenates and reducing TG content in liver tissue. Additionally, silymarin markedly downregulated the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65, ICAM-1 and IL-6 in liver tissue. In conclusion, Silymarin could protect against the liver injury caused by ethanol administration. The effect may be related to alleviating lipid peroxidation and inhibiting the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.260-267
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of baicalin, a bioactive flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, on hepatic injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in alcoholic fatty liver. Rats were fed an ethanol liquid diet or a control isocaloric diet for 5 weeks, and then subjected to 60 min of hepatic ischemia and 5 h of reperfusion. Baicalin (200 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 24 and 1 h before ischemia. After reperfusion, baicalin attenuated the increase in serum alanine aminotransferase activity. The levels of cytosolic cytochrome c protein expression, caspase-3 activity, the number of apoptotic cells increased after reperfusion, which were higher in ethanol-fed animals, were attenuated by baicalin. Following I/R, the hepatic lipid peroxidation was elevated, whereas hepatic glutathione content was decreased. These changes attenuated by baicalin. In ethanol-fed animals, baicalin augmented the increases in heme oxygenase-1 protein and mRNA expressions, and nuclear Nrf2 expression. In conclusion, our findings suggest that baicalin ameliorates I/R-induced hepatocellular damage by suppressing apoptosis and oxidative stress in alcoholic fatty liver.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.124-124
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• 1998

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is part of a complex syndrome which occurs as a complication of chronic liver disease and portal hypertension. The gastric mucosa in these patients shows typical congestion of ‘mosaic-like’ pattern and vulnerable to various noxious agents such as NSAIDs and ethanol. We previously reported that DA-9601, a quality-controlled extract from Artemisia asiatica, exhibits cytoprotection against various gastritis models. In the present study we investigated the effect of DA-9601 on ethanol-induced gastric damage in PHG rats. Experimental PHG was produced by CBD ligation in SD rats. DA-9601 was orally administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2004

Liver and serum rhodanese activities were determined in acute ethanol intoxicated rats with extrahepatic cholestasis induced by common bile duct ligation (CBD) to manifest the biochemical background of alcohol drinking hazard under the hepatobiliary disease. Liver cytosolic and microsomal rhodanese activities and these Vmax values in CBD ligated rats with acute ethanol intoxication were found to be decreased much more than that in CBD ligation alone. However, the difference of Km value on above hepatic enzyme was not found between the experimental groups. On the other hand, serum rhodanese activity in CBD ligated rats with acute ethanol intoxication was greater increased more than that in CBD ligation alone. These results indicate that the biosynthesis of the hepatic rhodanese decreases and the serum rhodanese activity increases in cholestasis combined with acute ethanol intoxication, reflecting damage of aggravated hapatocytic membrane. Accordingly, the resulting data supported the fact that alcoholic drinks were enzymologically harmful to the hepatobiliary disease.