• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.352-357
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• 2004

The present study was conducted to investigate extraction characteristics and antioxidative activity of Lycium chinense extracts. Lycium chinense were extracted by reflux extraction(RE) under different extraction conditions including solvent. The solid yield, turbidity, color value, titratable acidity, free sugar contents, electron donating ability(EDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like ability of Lycium chinense extracts were determined. The highest solid yield value were obtained with water of 10 fold. No significant difference in turbidity and color value were found among the extracts prepared with various extraction solvents, 75$\%$ ethanol, 50$\%$ ethanol and water. The highest titratable acidity were obtained with water of Lycium chinense. The free sugar contents of Lycium chinense extracted with water showed the highest value. Lycium chinense extracts with water included higher contents of free sugar compared with those of the other solvent extracts, 50$\%$ ethanol and 75$\%$ ethanol extracts. The total polyphenol compounds content of Lycium chinense extracted with 50% ethanol showed the highest value. Lycium chinense extracts with 50$\%$ ethanol included higher contents of total polyphenol compound compared with those of the other solvent extracts, water and 75$\%$ ethanol extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.499-505
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• 2004

The present study was conducted to investigate extraction characteristics and antioxidative activity of Cassia tora L. extracts. Cassia tora L. was extracted by reflux extraction under different extraction conditions including solvent. The solid yield, turbidity, color value, titratable acidity, free sugar contents, electron donating ability and superoxide dismutase-like ability of Cassia tora L. extracts were determined. The highest solid yield value was obtained with water of 10 fold. No significant difference in turbidity and color value were found among the extracts prepared with various extraction solvents, 75% ethanol, 50% ethanol and water. The highest titratable acidity was obtained with 50% ethanol of Cassia tora L.. The free sugar contents of Cassia tora L. extracted with water showed the highest value. Cassia tora L. extracts with water included higher contents of free sugar compared with then of the other solvent extracts, 50% ethanol and 75% ethanol extracts. The total polyphenol compound content of Cassia tora L. extracted with 50% ethanol showed the highest value. Cassia tora L. extracts with 50% ethanol included higher contents of total polyphenol compound compared with those of the other solvent extracts, water and 75% ethanol extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.574-580
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• 2003

Optimal extraction conditions for yield, browning color, electron donating ability, nitrite scavenging effect, total polyphenol content and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Lyophyllum ulmarium were determined by using response surface methodology (RSM) through the central composite design. The extraction yield of Lyophyllum ulmarium was effected by ethanol concentration and browning color was improved with the increase of ethanol concentration than microwave power. The nitrite scavenging effect was improved with the increase of ethanol concentration and decrease of microwave power The electron donating ability, browning color, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and total polyphenol content were improved with the increase in ethanol concentration and microwave power. The optimal ranges of extraction conditions for effective components of Lyophyllim ulmarium were predicted as 60.05~102.75 watt of microwave power, 53.20~64.01% of ethanol concentration and 7.77 min of extraction time.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2012

Gelidium (G.) elegans is a red alga inhabiting intertidal areas of North East Asia. We examined anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of G. elegans, depending on drying and extraction conditions, by determining reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in 3T3-L1 and RAW 264.7 cells. Extraction yields of samples using hot air drying (HD) and far-infrared ray drying (FID) were significantly higher than those using natural air drying (ND). The 70% ethanol extracts showed the highest total phenol and flavonoid contents compared to other extracts (0, 30, and 50% ethanol) under tested drying conditions. The scavenging activity on 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitrite correlated with total phenol or flavonoid content in the extracts. The greatest DPPH scavenging effect was observed in 70% ethanol extract from FID and HD conditions. The production of ROS and NO in 3T3-L1 and macrophage cells greatly decreased with the 70% ethanol extraction derived from FID. This study suggests that 70% ethanol extraction of G. elegans dried by FID is the most optimal condition to obtain efficiently antioxidant compounds of G. elegans.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.212-218
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• 1976

For removal of trimethylamine (TMA) which is generally accepted as the main component of marine fish oder and the lipids in marine fish which contribute directly or indirectly to the odor of fish flour, extractions of raw Cololabis saira were carried out with Ethanol-Water Mixture or Absolute Ethanol. Results obtained are as follows: 1. Efficient extraction of TMA from raw Cololabis saira took place when final concentration of ethanol was $40%{\sim}55%$. 2. When successive extraction of raw Cololabis saira was carried out with boiling absolute ethanol, the extraction proceeded in two distinct stages: a) In the first stage, efficient dehydration of raw Cololabis saira and efficient TMA extraction took place simultaneously. b) In the second stage, efficient lipid extraction followed after the dehydration stage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.222-228
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• 2003

Optimum extraction conditions for yield, browning color, electron-donating ability, nitrite-scavenging effect, total polyphenol content, and tyrosinase-inhibitory activity of Flammulina velutipes were determined using response surface methodology through central composite design. Yield of F. velutipes was affected by ethanol concentration, and browning color improved more with the increase of ethanol concentration than microwave power. Nitrite-scavenging effect was improved with increasing ethanol concentration and decreasing microwave power. Electron-donating ability and total polyphenol content were improved with increasing ethanol concentration and microwave power. Tyrosinase-inhibitory effect increased more with decrease in microwave power than with ethanol concentration. The optimal range of extraction conditions for effective component of F. velutipes were $47.21{\sim}76.05$ watt of microwave power, $10.25{\sim}43.56%$ of ethanol concentration, and 5.72 min of extraction time.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum extraction method suitable for the availability of biological activities in unripe apples known to be rich in functional components. Unripe apples 'Hongro' picked on May 28th, 2019 were extracted by various extraction methods (hot water, ethanol, enzymatic pre-treatment, ultrasonic wave, and subcritical water) and their extracts were investigated yield, effective component contents, and antioxidant activities. Overall, the yields by the extraction solvent were higher in water than in organic solvent(ethanol) because water-soluble compounds were eluted from a polar solvent. Total phenol contents of the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extracts were significantly higher in 6 times than hot water extract. Contents of flavonoid were highest in the ethanol extract at 29.14 mg QE/g. Contents of tannin and ursolic acid were also significantly higher in the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract. The DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging activities were the strongest in the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract. Correlation between effective components and antioxidant activities was high in the total phenol content with ABTS and the ursolic acid content with DPPH (p<0.01). The above results suggested that ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract of unripe apples has the potential to act as a functional material.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.451-460
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• 2017

This study optimized the extraction of antioxidants from Gugija (Lycium chinensis Mill). To determine operational parameters, including ethanol concentration ($X_1$, 0~80%) and extraction time ($X_2$, 1~5 hr), response surface methodology was applied to monitor yield, anthocyanins, flavonoids and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Coefficients of determinations ($R^2$) of the models were range of 0.8645~0.9859 (p<0.01~0.1) in dependant parameters. Yield of Gugija extracts was maximized 23.12% in extraction conditions of 4.22 h at 8.25% ethanol. Anthocyanins was maximized 1.43 (OD in 530 nm) in extraction conditions of 3.06 h at 79.98% ethanol. Flavonoids was maximized $3,100{\mu}g/100g$ in extraction conditions of 3.37 h at 67.02% ethanol. DPPH radical scavenging activity was maximized 96.93% in extraction conditions of 1.67 h at 69.81% ethanol. Optimum extraction conditions (2.5 h extraction at 70% ethanol) were obtained by superimposing the contour maps with regard to anthocyanins, flavonoids and DPPH radical scavenging activity of Gugija. Maximum values of anthocyanins, flavonoids and DPPH radical scavenging activity in optimum extraction condition were 1.0080 (OD in 530 nm), $3,145{\mu}g/100g$, 96.96%, respectively. But values of anthocyanins, flavonoids and DPPH radical scavenging activity in water extraction condition (1 h at water) were 0.4652 (OD in 530 nm), $1,633{\mu}g/100g$, 86.98%, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.490-494
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• 1999

This study was carried out to examine some factors affecting the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of genistein from soybean. The factors investigated in this study were pressure, temperature, flow rate of carbon dioxide, and concentration of modifier. It was foumd out that genistein is not extracted in the absence of modifier. Ethanol was found to be more effective modifier than methanol. 70% of genistein was extracted at 35$^{\circ}C$, 300bar and ethanol 15% (w/v) as compared with the performances of organic solvent extraction.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2008

This study was conducted to gather basic data on the physiological activities of flower extracts from 4 cultivars of white lotus to promote the increase of public consumption. Four cultivars of white lotus: c.v. 'Garam', 'Choeue', 'Baekhwageonryeon', and 'Seungdal' were harvested on 14, August, 2007, and the physiological activities of flower extracts obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol extraction were examined. Total phenol content was highest in the 'Garam' flower hot water extracts, $144.2{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, and lowest in the 'Seungdal' flower ethanol extracts, $63.4{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$. DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest at 2,000ppm flower extract of 'Garam' obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol extraction of 90.9% and 83.0%, respectively. Total flavonoid content in the flower extracts of 'Garam' obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol extraction showed the highest levels at $34.1{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}\;and\;33.9^{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, respectively. Nitrite scavenging activity at 1,000ppm flower extract was highest in 'Garam'. Extracts obtain by hot water and ethanol showed 91.3% and 80.4% activity, respectively. No significant difference in tyrosinase inhibition activity was observed among the cultivars or as a result of extraction method. Overall anti-microbial activity of the flower extracts was slightly higher in 'Garam' than in the other cultivars.