• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.273-280
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• 1998

This study was designed to estimate the improvement of Validity for food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) by offering multiple choice portion size in developing a questionnaire. Validity of the two methods(food frequency questionnaire I=FFQ I & Food frequency questionnaire II=FFQ II) was tested in comparison with reference method of the 7-day weighed record(7DWR). Dietary consumption data of the three methods(FFQ I, FFQ II & 7DWR) were collected from 101 female university students for the analysis. Validity was measured in two categories : One was the nutrient intake value from the three methods, the other was the identification of between individual variation within the group. Spearman's rank order correlation test and distribution graphs were used for the analysis. The result showed that individual intake value of the FFQII was closer to that of the 7DWR than that of the FFQ I.Spearman's rank order correlation between the FFQII and the 7DWR did not show any improved correlation. The distribution graphs of nutrient intake derived from both the FFQ I and the FFQII were different from that of the 7DWR. Therefore, it could be suggested that single one portion size food frequency questionnaire is an equally efficient method as a multiple choice food frequency questionnaire to be adopted in epidemiologic studies.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2018

Parametric method of flood frequency analysis involves fitting of a probability distribution to observed flood data. When record length at a given site is relatively shorter and hard to apply the asymptotic theory, an alternative distribution to the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is often used. In this study, we consider the beta-P distribution (BPD) as an alternative to the GEV and other well-known distributions for modeling extreme events of small or moderate samples as well as highly skewed or heavy tailed data. The L-moments ratio diagram shows that special cases of the BPD include the generalized logistic, three-parameter log-normal, and GEV distributions. To estimate the parameters in the distribution, the method of moments, L-moments, and maximum likelihood estimation methods are considered. A Monte-Carlo study is then conducted to compare these three estimation methods. Our result suggests that the L-moments estimator works better than the other estimators for this model of small or moderate samples. Two applications to the annual maximum stream flow of Colorado and the rainfall data from cloud seeding experiments in Southern Florida are reported to show the usefulness of the BPD for modeling hydrologic events. In these examples, BPD turns out to work better than $beta-{\kappa}$, Gumbel, and GEV distributions.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.111-124
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop a computerized food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing nutritional status of women of child-bearing age. Computerized food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that reflect intakes of energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein was developed for women of child-bearing age. This FFQ is composed of 61 foods or food groups containing 192 dish items. To estimate of energy intake easily, we have developed a computer program that can be viewed on a computer screen in an actual size of dish items. Nutrient intakes of the last three months by the FFQ was validated with comparing the result of a 3-day diet record through 92 college students aged from 20 to 30. The level of energy, carbohydrate and sodium of estimating by the FFQ method was significantly higher than the level of a 3-day diet records method (p < 0.01). Pearson's correlation coefficients between the two methods were 0.50 for carbohydrate (p < 0.01), 0.55 for energy (p < 0.01) and 0.56 for protein (p < 0.01). Spearman's correlation coefficients were 0.53 for carbohydrate (p < 0.01), 0.55 for energy (p < 0.01) and 0.52 for protein (p < 0.01). The percent of subject in the lowest quartile in a 3-day diet record belonged to the first and second lowest quartile in food frequency questionnaire is 78.2% in energy, 91.3% in carbohydrate, 78.2% in protein, 69.5% in fat. Also, the percent of subject in the highest quartile in a 3-day diet record belong to the first and second highest quartile in food frequency questionnaire is 78.3% in energy, 73.9% in carbohydrate, 82.6% in protein, and 73.9% in fat. On the whole, the result of this study seemed to be in good agreement with other studies. Therefore, the FFQ developed by this study is considered to be a reliable tool to assess nutrients and food intakes for women of child-bearing age.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2007

무한고장수를 가진 비동질적인 포아송 과정에 기초한 모형들에서 잔존 결함 1개당 고장 발생률은 일반적으로 상수, 혹은 단조증가 및 단조 감소 추세를 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어 신뢰성 모형인 지수분포모형과 어랑 분포 모형을 재조명하고 보다 현실적인 혼합분포모형을 제안 하였다. 고장 간격시간으로 구성된 자료를 이용한 모수추정 방법은 최우추정법과 일반적인 수치해석 방법인 이분법을 사용하여 모수 추정을 실시하고 효율적인 모형 선택은 편차자 승합(SSE) 및 콜모고로프 거리를 적용하여 모형들에 대한 효율성 입증방법을 설명하였다. 소프트웨어 고장 자료 분석에서는 41개의 고장 수를 가진 S27[12] 자료를 통하여 분석하였다. 이 자료들에서 지수분포 모형과 어랑분포 모형 및 혼합분포 모형의 비교를 위하여 산술적 및 라플라스 검정, 편의 검정 등을 이용하였다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2015

Electrocardiogram measures the electric impulses generated by the heart during its cycle. Recently genome-wide association studies on electrocardiogram traits revealed many relevant genetic loci. Therefore, these findings need to be validated and investigated to determine the underlying mechanisms using mouse models. Invasive radiotelemetry has been widely used to record the electrocardiogram in mice because it has several advantages over non-invasive measurements. However, radiotelemetry is expensive and requires complicated surgery. On the other hand, a non-invasive method using 3 electrodes (one for earth) for lead II is easy to establish and allows for rapid measurement. In this study, eleven mice were measured with this non-invasive method and no statistical difference among them was found in any ECG measurements. In addition, repeat measurement in the same mouse was performed in 9 sets of experiment and the results indicated that non-invasive method was reliable for reproducibility. Further it was shown that measurements for 1, 5, 10, and 15 minutes were not different so that a short recording such as 5 minutes was enough to estimate the ECG values including heart rate. Further this method was validated by measuring the ECG of Balb/c and FVB that were previously shown to differ in ECG values by radiotelemetry. Significant differences were found in heart rate, PR interval and corrected QT interval between these mouse strains. This study partially proved that non-invasive method also could provide the accuracy and reproducibility. Based on these results, the non-invasive ECG recordings of lead II is recommended as a useful method for quick test in mouse model.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.244-249
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• 2006

Natural environment of Weolgokri watershed has been well preserved as a traditional agricultural watershed. A year record of streamflow, $NO_3-N$, T-N and T-P concentrations data (April 2004 - Mar. 2005) were examined to estimate annual and seasonal patterns of pollutant loads in streamflow and baseflow from the agricultural watershed. To estimate pollutant loads from baseflow, baseflow component was separated from streamflow using the digital filter method in the Web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool system and loads of $NO_3-N$, T-N and T-P from streamflow and baseflow were evaluated. The $NO_3-N$, T-N, and T-P loads from streamflow were 13.85 kg/ha, 45.92 kg/ha and 1.887 kg/ha, respectively, while corresponding loads from baseflow were 7.43 kg/ha, 24.70 kg/ha, 0.582 kg/ha, respectively. It was found that $NO_3-N$ and T-N loads were contributed slightly more by the baseflow (53% and 53% of Total-loads) than by the direct runoff (47% and 47% of Total loads). However, only 30% of total T-P load was contributed by the baseflow. It is recommended that one needs to assess pollutant load contribution by the baseflow to identify appropriate pollution control strategies for an effective watershed management.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.580-585
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• 2005

Natural environment of Weolgok-ri watershed has been well preserved as a traditional agricultural watershed. A year record of streamflow, $NO_3-N$, T-N and T-P concentrations data(Apr, 2004-Mar. 2005) was examined to estimate annual and seasonal patterns of pollutnat loads in streamflow and baseflow from the agriculture watershed. To estimate pollutant loads from baseflow, baseflow component from total stream flow was seperated using digital filter method in the Web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool system. Loads of $NO_3-N$, T-N and T-P from streamflow and baseflow were evaluated to investigate pollutant loads contribution by baseflow. The $NO_3-N$, T-N, and T-P loads from streamflow were 13.85 kg/ha, 45.92 kg/ha and 1.887 kg/ha, respectively. $NO_3-N$, T-N and T-P loads from baseflow were 7.43 kg/ha, 24.70 kg/ha, 0.582 kg/ha, respectively. It was found that $NO_3-N$ and T-N loads were contributed by the baseflow(53% and 53% of Total-loads) than the direct runoff(47% and 47% of Total loads). However, only 30% of total T-P was contributed by the baseflow. It is recommended that one needs to assess pollutant load contribution by the baseflow to identify appropriate control strategies for effective watershed management.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권1B호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2006

영춘 지점의 유출량이 1,000CMS에서 9,000CMS로 나타난 강우사상을 이용하여 레이더 관계식을 산정하였다. 레이더 강우량의 정확성을 높이기 위하여 소유역별 보정계수를 산정하였다. 레이더 관계식, Thiessen, 등우선, 역거리법을 이용하여 유역의 강우량을 비교하였다. 유역의 하천망을 형성 할 수 있는 HEC-GeoHMS 모형을 구축하고, 유출모형인 HEC-HMS 모형의 입력 인자로 이용하였다. 레이더 관계식으로 산정된 강우량을 적용한 유출모의가 가장 좋은 결과를 보였다. 기후 변화로 인한 집중 호우시 레이더관계식을 이용한 유출량 예측시 신속하고 정확한 것으로 판단된다. 레이더 관계식을 이용하여 충주댐 유역의 강우량 산정할 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5549-5556
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• 2015

Background: Cancer has important social consequences with cancer registration as the basis of moving towards prevention. The present study aimed to estimate the completeness of registration of the ten most common cancers in patients referred to selected hospitals in Shiraz, Iran by using capture-recapture method. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was performed in 2014 based on the data of 2009, on a total of 4,388 registered cancer patients. After cleaning data from two sources, using capture-recapture common findings were identified. Then, the percentage of the completeness of cancer registration was estimated using Chapman and Chao methods. Finally, the effects of demographic and treatment variables on the completeness of cancer registration were investigated. Results: The results showed that the percentages of completeness of cancer registration in the selected hospitals of Shiraz were 58.6% and 58.4%, and influenced by different variables. The age group between 40-49 years old was the highest represented and for the age group under 20 years old was the lowest for cancer registration. Breast cancer had the highest registration level and after that, thyroid and lung cancers, while colorectal cancer had the lowest registration level. Conclusions: According to the results, the number of cancers registered was very few and it seems that factors like inadequate knowledge of some doctors, imprecise diagnosis about the types of cancer, incorrectly filled out medical documents, and lack of sufficient accuracy in recording data on the computer cause errors and defects in cancer registration. This suggests a necessity to educate and teach doctors and other medical workers about the methods of documenting information related to cancer and also conduct additional measures to improve the cancer registration system.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : The objective of this study is to propose a capacity analysis methodology for riverside bike-exclusive roads. METHODS : Three steps were performed to develop a methodology to estimate bikeway capacity. First, we reviewed previous studies on the vehicle-road capacity analysis and proposed their applicability to bikeways. Second, two assumptions were made based on the traffic flow characteristics of bikeways: (1) the capacitated state in bikeways occur within a bicycle platoon, and (2) a bicycle platoon consists of more than three bicycles running in close proximity. In addition, it is assumed that the mean time headway of a bicycle platoon represents the characteristics of the platoon. The normality of the mean-time headway of a bicycle platoon calculated using the central limit theorem leads to the development of a method that estimates the riverside bikeway capacity using data collected from two different riverside bike-exclusive roads (Han-river and Anyangcheon). We used a location-fixed video camera to record videos of running bicycles and wrote a special-purpose software program to code the time-headway data from the videos. RESULTS : Time headways from 189 bicycle platoons were analyzed. The estimated mean-time headway of the capacitated bicycle flow is 1.01 s, from which the capacity of the bikeway is found to be 3578 vehicles/h. CONCLUSIONS : The proposed method that estimates bikeway capacity could be applicable to the analysis of short-range congested area rather than planning the number of lanes. In other words, it determines the sections that are temporarily highly congested and proposes appropriate strategies to mitigate the congestion.