• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.14-15
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• 1989

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.771-780
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• 2014

A putative lipolytic enzyme gene, named as est9x, was obtained from a marine microbial metagenome of the South China Sea. Sequence analysis showed that Est9X shares lower than 27% sequence identities with the characterized lipolytic enzymes, but possesses a catalytic triad highly conserved in lipolytic enzymes of the ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ hydrolase superfamily. By phylogenetic tree construction, Est9X was grouped into a new lipase/esterase family. To understand Est9X protein in depth, it was recombinantly expressed, purified, and biochemically characterized. Within potential hydrolytic activities, only lipase/esterase activity was detected for Est9X, confirming its identity as a lipolytic enzyme. When using p-nitrophenol esters with varying lengths of fatty acid as substrates, Est9X exhibited the highest activity to the C2 substrate, indicating it is an esterase. The optimal activity of Est9X occurred at a temperature of $65^{\cric}C$, and Est9X was pretty stable below the optimum temperature. Distinguished from other salt-tolerant esterases, Est9X's activity was tolerant to and even promoted by as high as 4 M NaCl. Our results imply that Est9X is a unique esterase and could be a potential candidate for industrial application under extreme conditions.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2004

Fusion proteins resulting from chimeric sequences are excellent targets for therapeutic drug development. We developed a database of chimeric sequences by examining the genomic alignment of mRNA and EST sequences in the GenBank. We identified 688 chimeric mRNA and 20,998 chimeric EST sequences. Including EST sequences greatly expands the scope of chimeric sequences even though it inevitably accompanies many artifacts. Chimeric sequences are clustered according to the ECgene ID so that the user can easily find chimeric sequences related to a specific gene. Alignments of chimeric sequences are displayed as custom tracks in the UCSC genome browser. ChimerDB, available at http://genome.ewha.ac.kr/ECgene/ChimerDB/, should be a valuable resource for finding drug targets to treat cancers.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.32-56
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic and antimicrobial effects of the three herbal prescription (EST, SCT, WDT), which has been traditionally used for treating leukorrhea induced by various infections in the female genital tract. Methods: In this experiment, the anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by Nitric oxide (NO), $Interlukine-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), Interlukine-2 (IL-2), Interlukine-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), Leukotriene $B_4$ ($LTB_4$) production amount and Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression levels in RAW264.7 cells. And the anti-pruritic effects were evaluated by Histamine, Acetylcholine (ACh), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Substance P production amount in Mast cell/9 (MC/9) and Pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells. The anti-microbial effect was measured by inhibition zone diameter on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Results: As a result of measuring anti-inflammatory efficacy, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $PGE_2$, and $LTB_4$ production amounts were significantly reduced in the EST, SCT, WDT extraction groups compared with the control group, and significantly decreased the amount of $NF-{\kappa}B$, iNOS, and COX-2 gene expression and the amount of Phospho-Inhibitor kappa B alpha ($p-I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$)/Inhibitor kappa B alpha ($I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$) and $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 protein expression. In addition, As a result of measuring the anti-pruritic effect, the amounts of histamine, ACh and Substance P were significantly decreased, and AChE production was slightly decreased, but it's significance did not appear. Finally the anti-microbial effects of EST, SCT, WDT extraction groups against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was inhibited, however the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was not inhibited. Conclusions: These data suggest that EST, SCT, WDT can be used to treat patients with leukorrhea.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.229-238
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• 2010

We constructed a rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) liver cDNA library and a total of 1533 expressed sequence tag (EST) clones were generated. Gene annotation procedures and homology searches of the sequenced ESTs were analyzed using BLASTX. Of the 1533 EST clones, 1165 different ESTs showed significant homology to previously described genes while 368 ESTs were unidentified, hypothetical, or unnamed proteins. Encoding 106 different sequences were identified as putative bio-defense genes or genes associated with immune response.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.168-173
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• 2007

of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) is an efficient approach for gene discovery, expression profiling, and development of resources useful for functional genomics. To analyze the transcriptome of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, we have conducted EST analysis using cDNA libraries made from muscle of P. olivaceus. Redundant ESTs were assembled into overlapping contigs by using the assembly program ICAtools software. We found that the 221 ESTs were composed of 21 clusters and 35 singletons, suggesting that the overall redundancy of the library was 74.7%. Of the 221 clones, 218 clones (98.6%) were identified as known genes by BLAST searches and 3 clones (1.4%) did not match to any previously described genes. Based on major functions of their encoded proteins, the identified clones were classified into 13 broad categories. Sequence analysis of the ESTs revealed the presence of microsatellite-containing genes which may be valuable for further gene mapping studies. This study contributes to the identification of many EST clones that could be useful for genetics and developmental biology of olive flounder.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.372-378
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• 2017

For comparison of the transcription profiles in apple (Malus domestica L.) cultivars differing in flesh color expression, two cDNA libraries were constructed. Differences in gene expression between red flesh apple cultivar, 'Redfield' and white flesh apple cultivar, 'Granny Smith' were investigated by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Expressed sequence tag (EST) of clones from the red flesh apple cultivar and white flesh apple cultivar were selected for nucleotide sequence determination and homology searches. High resolution melting (HRM) technique measures temperature induced strand separation of short PCR amplicons, and is able to detect variation as small as one base difference between red flesh apple cultivars and white flesh apple cultivars. We applied high resolution melting (HRM) analysis to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) based on the predicted SNP information derived from the apple EST database. All 103 pairs of SNPs were discriminated, and the HRM profiles of amplicons were established. Putative SNPs were screened from the apple EST contigs by HRM analysis displayed specific difference between 10 red flesh apple cultivars and 11 white flesh apple cultivars. In this study, we report an efficient method to develop SNP markers from an EST database with HRM analysis in apple. These SNP markers could be useful for apple marker assisted breeding and provide a good reference for relevant research on molecular mechanisms of color variation in apple cultivars.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.383-389
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• 2009

Analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) is an efficient approach for gene discovery, expression profiling, and development of resources useful for functional genomics studies. As part of studies on the immune system of olive flounder, a total of 251 EST sequences from gill cDNA library were generated to identify and characterize important genes in the immune machanisms of olive flounder. Of the 251 clones, 126 clones (50.2%) were identified as orthologues of known genes from olive flounder and other organisms. Among the 126 EST clones, 16 clones (12.7%) were representing 9 unique genes identified as homologous to the previously reported olive flounder ESTs, 100 clones (79.4%) representing 103unique genes were identified as orthologs of known genes from other organisms. We also identified several kinds of immune associated proteins, indicating EST as a powerful method for identifying immune related genes of fish as well as identifying novel genes. Further studies using cDNA microarrays are needed to identify the differentially expressed transcripts after disease infection.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.128-135
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• 2003

102 ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) were obtained by sequencing clones from a library of rainbow trout kidney cDNAs. Of the sequences generated, 55.8% of the ESTs were represented by 37 known genes. The 45 clones of unknown gene products potentially represent 40 novel genes. The genes involved in structural function (14.5%) and transcription/translation (11.6%) account for the major gene expression activities in the kidney Microarray experiment was conducted to compare gene expression of the unique ESTs in young and adult rainbow trout kidneys. While mitochondrion, cytochrome b, rho G, spastin protein, and three unknown genes were down-regulated in the mature fish kidney, calponin 1, calcium binding protein, histone deacetylase 1, and an unknown gene were up-regulated in the mature fish kidney. This research demonstrates the feasibility and power of functional genomics in rainbow trout.

• The Korea Genome Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.50.2-50.2
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• 2003