• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2014

Essential oil yields and chemical compositions from 5 populations of Chamaecyparis obtusa with several environmental factors were investigated through essential oil extracted distillation apparatus and metabolite profiling by GC-MS analysis. Among the populations, content of essential oil at Gokseong was significantly higher than other populations. To compare the several environmental factors affecting on chemical composition and essential oil yields from C. obtuse at Gokseong, the environmental factors (soil condition, temperature, humidity, and moisture content) were measured during 1 year. The essential oils at Goksung based on humidity on March, July, and November was significantly different from other months. The essential oils at Goksung based on temperature on July and August was significantly different from other months. The essential oils at Goksung based on the moisture content on September were significantly different from other months. The percentage of T-N, OM, and yield of oil at Gokseong were significantly different on from other populations. The main constituents of C. obtusa at all populations were ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, ${\alpha}$-terpinene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, terpinene-4-ol, isobonyl acetate, terpinyl acetate, and cedar acetate. Specially, Essential oil compositions (%) of ${\alpha}$-terpinene and cedar acetate were higher at Gokseong than at other populations. The chemical compositions of essential oils were variable depend on populations and environmental conditions. Therefore, this study might be used as fundamental research on study for selection of high productive terpenoids and for understanding about biosynthesis of essential oils in C. obtusa.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2022

Essential oil was separated from Dendropanax morbiferus (DM) by means of hot water extraction and supercritical extraction, respectively, and the separated essential oil was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, and the antioxidant effect of essential oil was investigated. In addition, yields of essential oil and Caryophyllene according to the drying and extraction methods for each part of DM were obtained and compared, respectively. The yield of essential oil was found to be high in the order of bark > leaves > twigs > limb. When the freeze-dried DM leaves were supercritically extracted, the yields of essential oil and Caryophyllene were 23.2 g/kg DM and 429.6 mg Caryophyllene/kg DM, respectively. The essential oil of DM showed an antioxidant effect even at a low concentration, and the concentration of the essential oil of SC₅₀, which means 50% of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, was about 0.34%.

• Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 2003

Two kinds of Angelica belong to Umbelliferae collected, the one is Angelica gigas that is inhabitant in Korea and the other is Angelica acutiloba that is indigenous in Japan at the field of Snyder Research and Extension Farm Rutgers University, New Jersey and was analyszed by GC and GC/MS. The composition of the essential oil of the different aerial parts of the Angelica has been studied. The oil yields obtained upon hydrodistillation were 0.18% (v/w) in Korean Angelica and 0.44% (v/w) in Japanese Angelica on dry root weight basis. By the growing stage in the Rutgers greenhouse condition, leaf and root of essential oil content a little decreased on 9 months later than 4 months later except for Angelica gigas leaf. Both of Angelica showed that amounts of essential oil content presented in order of leaf > petiole > root according to different plant part. The analysis of the essential oil from Angelica root led to the identification of 14 constituents totaling 64% in Korean Angelica and 13 constituents totaling 68% in Japanese Angelica. The major constituents of the Angelica root essential oil were ligustilide (47 %) and gamma terpi (14 %) in Korean Angelica, and alpha pinei (32 %) and nonane (25 %) in Japanese Angelica

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.381-387
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• 2006

We analyzed the total yields and composition of essential oils in leaf extracts of Nepeta cataria by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-six compounds representing 97.0% of total oil were detected. The major constituents of essential oils in Nepeta cataria were nepetalactone (90.9%), unidentified compound (Retention time 17.35; 1.82%), 1,8-cineol (1.49%), ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (1.12%), and ${\beta}-pinene$ (1.078%). The volatile compounds in leaf extracts of N. cataria concentrated to nepetalactone ($88.83{\sim}93.33%$) remarkably. In the essential oil of N. cataria cis,trans-nepetalactone ($30.2{\sim}37.8%$) and cis,cis-nepetalactone ($31.5{\sim}37.0%$) were found as the main constituents. The effects of essential oil of N. cataria on the growth of six microorganisms (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were investigated. The essential oil of N. cataria had strong inhibitory effect on the growth of three fungal species (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, and B. amyloliquefaciens). The essential oil from N. cataria was found to have a low antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, while no activity were found against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results indicate the significant antimicrobial effect, which may be depended on the yield of nepetalactone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1136-1141
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• 2011

Effect of dietary essential oils on growth, feed utilization and meat yields of white leg shrimp L. vannamei was investigated. White shrimp fry weighing 0.62 g were kept in one of 12 tanks (75 head/500 L holding tank) in a closed recirculation system. Four experimental diets, a commercial diet (control), phytoncide oil (PO), oregano oil (OO) and fermented garlic liquid (GL) were fed for 16 weeks. The mean water quality values for the whole experimental period were $27.8{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $7.6{\pm}0.3$, $15.5{\pm}0.3$ g/L and $6.1{\pm}0.3$ mg/L for water temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen, respectively. At the end of the trial, 10 shrimp per tank were randomly sampled and meat yields (%) were evaluated after peeling the shell and removing the head. After a 16 week feeding trial, final weight of shrimp ranged from 21.9 g to 23.6 g. Feed conversion was not significantly different among groups (p>0.05), which was the lowest (1.95) in the control and highest (2.30) in the PO. Specific growth rate was also not significantly different (p>0.05) and ranged from 3.18% to 3.25%. Average daily gain of 0.2 g was obtained in all treatments. Mortality varied from 35.1% for control to 44.9% for OO. Meat yields maintained constant at 52.1% for control to 53.0% for PO. The study suggested that natural essential oils could not exert any improvement in growth performance, mortality and meat yields of white leg shrimp.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.500-510
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition of essential oil, absolute and oleoresin isolated from Elsholtzia splendens and their biological activities. Yields of essential oil, absolute and oleoresin extracted from Elsholtzia splendens were 0.28%, 12.45% and 9.95%, respectively. The major component was 2-cyclohexen-1-one in essential oil, methyl linolenate in absolute and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid in oleoresin. Essential oil and oleoresin showed the inhibitory activities in enzyme-dependent, enzyme-independent and autooxidative lipid peroxidation system. $EC_{50}$ values in nuetral red uptake (NRU) assays for the exposure times of 24 h were $46.4{\mu}g/ml$, $681.7{\mu}g/ml$ and $17.6{\mu}g/ml$ in essential oil, absolute and oleoresin, and oleoresins showed the cytotoxic effect at the only high dose. Any mutagenic and antibiotic activity did not show in absolute and oleoresin, but, there were mutagenic and antibiotic activities only when treated with essential oil $500{\mu}g/ml$ above in Ames test. Essential oil and oleoresin might be somewhat effective in prolongating the ciliostasis of rat trachea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.26 no.2 s.52
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• pp.109-116
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the composition of flavor components of Elsholtzia ciliata and Eisholtzia splendens in order to obtain basic informations for the application of tobacco and food industry. Flavor components extracted were divided into three fractions ; essential oil, absolute and oleoresin from E. ciliata and E. splendens. Essential oil was extracted by simultaneous steam distillation(SDE), absolute and oleoresin were extracted by $100\%$ n-hexane and $50\%$ ethanol, respectively. Yields of the essential oil, absolute and oleoresin fractions from E. ciliata were $0.34\%,\;11.34\%\;and\;15.24\%,$ and those from E. splendends were $0.28\%,\;12.45\%\;and\;9.95\%$, respectively. The major components of essential oil of E. ciliata were naginata ketone$(29.37\%)$, elsholtzia ketone$(14.37\%)$ and rosefuran$(11.76\%)$. The major components of essential oil of E. splendens were 2-cyclohexen-1-one$(26.81\%)$, elsholtzia ketone$(13.46\%)$ and naginata ketone$(5.26\%).$ The composition of flavor components showed a slight difference between essential oils of E. ciliata and E. splendens. The major components of absolute fraction from E. ciliata were linoleic acid$(12.07\%),$ palmitic acid$(10.46\%)$ and 2-cyclohexene-1-one$(5.39\%).$ And those from E. splendens were linoleic acid$(12.38\%),$ palmitic acid$(9.47\%)$ and naginata ketone$(8.86\%).$ Ethyl linoleolate was a major component in oleoresin of E. ciliata and E. splendens.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.508-514
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• 2004

Chrysanthemum boreale M. is an important medicinal plant that has been historically used in herbal medicine and in the health food throughout East Asia. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) on plant growth, mineral content and effective components, such as essential oil, amino acid and cumambrin A, by means in order to increase the productivity and the quality of flowerheads in the plant. Yields of flowerheads were increased by 12.7%, 21.7% and 15.5% by ABA, SA and both treatments, respectively, as compared with the control. Inorganic nutrient content was changed by PGRs; SA treatment was increased by nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium content but decreased by potassium of C. boreale M. flowerheads. Total content of amino acid was increased by SA but decreased by ABA treatment. Essential oil content and yields were increased to 9.7% and 33.8% by SA treatment. Moreover, the content of terpene, monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, were improved by ABA treatment, especially, germacrene-D content was increased by 39.1%, as compared to control. In addition, yields of cumambrin A, sesquiterpene compound exhibiting blood-pressure activity, increased in all PGRs treatments, but its concentration in the C. boreale M. flowerheads only increased by ABA and both treatment. The experiment suggests that PGRs using ABA and SA could increase the yields and quality of C. boreale M. flowerheads.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1991

The essential oils of the two cultivars of Korean ginger were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction method. Then the essential oils were fractionated into one hydrocarbon fraction and two oxygented hydrocarbon fractions by using silica gel column chromatography. The composition of the resulting oils were investigated by GC-MS spectrometry. The volatile oil contents of the two fresh cultivars were 0.32%(wb) and consisted of 68.1% hydrocarbon and 31.9% oxygenated hydrocarbons. Out of 101 characterized compounds, 54 were identified by comparing GC retentions and mass spectral data with authentic samples and 47 were tentatively identified according to mass spectral data only. The major compounds of hydrocarbon fraction were camphene, ${\beta}-phellandrene$, zingiberene, ${\gamma}-bisabolene,\;{\bate}-sesquiphellandrene$, and of oxygenated hydrocarbon fractions were 1,8-cineol, neral, geranial, geranyl acetate, citronellol, geraniol and ${\alpha}-terpeneol+borneol$. Comparing the yield and composition of Korean ginger oil with those from other origins reported, Korean ginger oils showed good yields of oil, whilst those contained higher amounts of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.669-674
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• 2008

Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Zanthoxylum piperitum A.P. DC. belong to the Rutaceae family and are perennial, aromatic, and medicinal herbaceous plants. In this study, their aroma compounds were isolated by steam distillation extraction using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and then further analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yields of the essential oils from Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum AP. DC. were 2.5 and 2.0%(w/w), respectively, and the color of their oils was quite similar, a pale yellow. From the distilled oil of Z. schinifolium, 60 volatile compounds which make up 87.24% of the total composition were tentatively identified, with monoterpenes predominating. $\beta$-Phellandrene (22.54%), citronellal (16.48%), and geranyl acetate (11.39%) were the predominantly abundant components of Z. schinifolium. In the essential oil of Z. piperitum AP. DC., 60 volatile flavor components constituted 94.78% of the total peak area were tentatively characterized. Limonene (18.04%), geranyl acetate (15.33%), and cryptone (8.52%) were the major volatile flavor compounds of Z. piperitum A.P. DC.