• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing on activation of lumbar paraspinal muscles of normal healthy people. Diaphragmatic breathing may affect activation of trunk muscles. The assumptions are as follows: the crural diaphragm attatches to the lumbar vertebrae from L1 to L3, the voluntary downward pressurization of the diaphragm increases intra-abdominal pressure, and this increases the stiffness of the spine. Methods : Sixty male college students ranging 19 to 34 years were screened and % maximal voluntary contraction(% MVC) of trunk muscles on the four positions of back extension exercise was compared during the pre and post of inspiration of diaphragmatic breathing. Results : 1. % MVC of right and left erector spinae had the statistically significant difference between pre and post inspiration of diaphragmatic breathing in the dynamic right arm and left leg extension position(p<0.05). 2. % MVC of right and left erector spinae had the statistically significant difference between pre and post inspiration of diaphragmatic breathing in the dynamic left arm and right leg extension position(p<0.05). 3. % MVC of right and left erector spinae had the statistically significant difference between pre and post inspiration of diaphragmatic breathing in the static lying prone extension position(p<0.05). 4. % MVC of right and left erector spinae had the statistically significant difference between pre and post inspiration of diaphragmatic breathing in the static lying on prone position(p<0.05). Conclusion : This study will be used as the purpose of data collection of lumbar paraspinal muscles on diaphragmatic breathing and be introduced as the new therapeutic intervention for management of patients with back pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.103-108
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate a relationship between a biomechanical analysis of compressive force at L5/S1 and electromyographic analysis of erector spinae muscle during lifting task. In the experiment, isometric contractions at 25, 50, 75, 100%MVC for short duration and sustained isometric contractions at 50%MVC were performed. For muscle recruitment patten and compressive force analysis, rectified EMG amplitudes analysis and computerized biomechanical analysis were used. To achieve data, angles of neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle and length of body segments were measured. Results shows that trends of initial EMG rectified amplitude were similar to those of biomechanical calculation value and for sustained isometric contraction at 50%MVC EMG rectified amplitude of erector spinae muscle after 40seconds was increased up to level of 75%MVC. Based on the results of this study, biomechanical analysis should be supplemented considering muscle fatigue, and it is also suggested that work-rest cycle critera and the evaluation of back-pain injuries should include muscle fatigue.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of change in the unstable support surface location during bridge exercise on the muscle activity of erector spinae and gluteus maximus. Research design, data and methodology: 12 healthy participants aged 23.32 ±1.02 were measured muscle activities of erector spinae and gluteus maximus during bridge exercise and compared between the exercise conditions; unstable support surface located on upper back and feet during bridge exercise. Paired t-test was performed to identify whether there was a significant difference in the muscle activities between the exercise conditions. Results: As a result, even though higher levels of the averaged muscle activities of both erector spinae and gluteus maximus during exercise in unstable support surface located on feet than upper back were observed, no significant differences were found. Conclusions: The change of unstable support surface location during bridge exercise for low back pain rehabilitation would be more appropriate to be used to increase levels of tension of muscle activities and train fine motor control rather than to strengthening muscle strength.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the pelvic compression belt on the thickness of the erector spinae and multifidus during hip extension on quadruped position. Thirty male university students volunteered to participate in this study. The pelvic compression belt was positioned below the anterior superior iliac spines with the stabilizing pressure using elastic compression bands. Subjects were instructed to perform hip extension in quadruped position with and without applying the pelvic compression belt. The thickness of the erector spinae and multifidus was measured ultrasound during prone position, quadruped position without applying pelvic compression belt and quadruped position applying pelvic compression belt. Data were analyzed using repeated ANOVA. Muscle thickness of multifidus was significantly higher applying the pelvic compression belt than without applying the pelvic compression belt (p<.05). Muscle thickness of elector spinae was significantly higher applying the pelvic compression belt than without applying the pelvic compression belt (p<.05). Therefore, the research can contribute to the prescription and application of quadruped position exercises in clinical practices.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.73-77
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to measure muscle activities in the pectoralis major, the erector spinae, and the quadriceps femoris according to support surface states of arms and legs during plank exercise. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 21 healthy males in their 20s and their muscle activities at three states were measured as follows: The first state was where the support surface of arms and legs was stable. The second state was where only arms were unstable, and the third state was where only legs were unstable. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activities. Pectoralis major, quadriceps femoris, and elector spinae were measured for muscle activities. RESULTS: The muscle activities in the pectoralis major were statistically high when arms were unstable. The muscle activities in the quadriceps femoris were statistically high when legs were unstable. The muscle activities in the erector spinae were higher when arms and legs were unstable compared to that at the stable support surface. No significant difference was revealed statistically when arms and legs were unstable. CONCLUSION: If the instability of arms and legs is employed during plank exercise, exercise on the upper and lower bodies or the erector spinae is expected to be more effective.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of applying whole body vibration exercise at 30 Hz on the thickness and mechanical properties of the erector spinae. The study population included 24 adults (11 male and 13 female) in the N region. The subjects were divided into two groups, a 30Hz whole body vibration exercise(WG, n=12) and an LSG(12 subjects). Changes in the thickness and mechanical properties of the erector spinae were analyzed before the exercises and after four and eight weeks of exercises using a two-way repeated analysis of variance with a statistical significance level of α=0.05. When there was an interaction between the groups and measurement times, post hoc analyses were conducted at a statistical significance level of α=0.01. The thickness, frequency, stiffness and strain of the erector spinae muscles were significantly different in each time period and in the interaction between time period and the group (P<0.05), and recovery was significantly different only in each time period (P<0.05). Thus, 30Hz whole body vibration exercise had a positive effect on the thickness and mechanical properties of the erector spinae. The results of this preliminary study suggest that whole body vibration exercise may find a place as a lumbar stabilization exercise in clinical practice in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.476-482
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of the seat height of a chair on the muscle activity of the erector spinae and rectus abdominis. Thirty healthy subjects were asked to sit on chairs at three different seat heights. The muscle activities of both the erector spinae and rectus abdominis were measured by surface electromyography. The data were analyzed by repeated one way ANOVA and the muscle activity was compared according to the seat height. The alpha level was set to 0.05. The results showed that the muscle activities of the erector spinae were not significantly different among the three seat heights. The muscle activities of the rectus abdominis were significantly different among the three seat heights. Both the rectus abdominis muscle activities were significantly greater in the low seat height than the other seat heights. These results showed that the seat height of the chair affects the muscle activities of the rectus abdominis muscle, leading to musculoskeletal pain, such as low back pain. Therefore, the seat height of a chair with a correct sitting position is important for preventing musculoskeletal pain.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.117-124
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• 2006

The modern convenient life formed by industrial development becomes lack of exercise and takes an interest in diet. Specially, professional walking shoes is developed as people take an interest in jogging, Those shoes, professional walking shoes or Dietshoes, increase exercise effects by change of heel types. Therefore, this study investigated motility effects by EMG experiment in order to measure Muscle Activities (MA) while wearing diet shoes (backless). Experiment was conducted by EMG measurement, from calf (gastrocnemius muscle), thigh (vastus muscle) and waist (erector spinae muscle), of 12 high school students. Exercise effects between the two shoes were analyzed by EMG (MF; Median Frequency, MPF; Mean Power Frequency, ZCR; Zero Crossing Rate). Results showed that the Dietshoes(MF: 48.21Hz, MPF: 65.0Hz, ZCR: 100.6Hz) had larger EMG value than that of Normal shoes(MF: 40.47Hz, MPF: 58.04Hz, ZCR: 82.09Hz). Also, in MA, the highest activities are showed in the calf, the second one is in waist, and last one is in thigh during gate. ANOVA between shoes in measurement parts showed significant effects in MF (gastrocnemius: p-value=.022, vastus laterals: p-value=.037, erector spinae: p-value=.082), MPF (gastrocnemius: p-value=.032, vastus laterals: p-value=.046, erector spinae: p-value=.090), and ZCR (gastrocnemius: p-value=.000, vastus laterals: p-value=.004, erector spinae: p-value=.134). And MA of Dietshoes is higher than that of Normal shoes, and decreasing rate of MA in Dietshoes is less than that of Normal shoes. Thus, this study validates exercise effects of Dietshoes.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2012

Background: The present study was conducted with 30 adult males in order to examine the muscle activity of the trunk and the lower extremities at diverse initial bending angles of the hip joint during bridge exercise on a stable surfaces and on an unstable surface that is widely performed for stabilization. Methods: The initial angles of the hip joint used were $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ and the subjects were divided into a matt experimental group and a balance training group. Results: In maximum values of muscle activity at different exercise methods and angles, the matt experimental group showed statistically significant differences in the muscle activity values of the rectus abdominis muscle, the erector spinae muscle, the rectus femoris muscle and the peroneus muscles between different angles while the balance training group showed significant differences only in the muscle activity values of the erector spinae muscle between different initial angles of the hip joint. The matt experimental group showed significant differences in muscle activity between initial angles $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$, between $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ in the rectus abdominis muscle, between $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ in the erector spinae muscle, between $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ in the rectus femoris muscle and between $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ in the peroneus muscles while the balance training group showed significant differences between $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ in the erector spinae muscle. Conclusions: Therefore, it is thought that bridge exercises should be applied to patients using diverse methods.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.56-63
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• 2006

This study examined the effects of the abdominal drawing-in (ADI) maneuver using a pressure biofeedback on muscle recruitment pattern of erector spinae and hip extensors and anterior pelvic tilt during hip extension in the prone position. Fourteen able-bodied volunteers, who had no medical history of lower extremity or lumbar spine disease, were recruited for this study. The muscle onset time of erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and medial hamstring and angle of anterior pelvic tilt during hip extension in prone position were measured in two conditions: ADI maneuver condition and non-ADI maneuver condition. Muscle onset time was measured using a surface electromyography (EMG). Kinematic data for angle of anterior pelvic tilt were measured using a motion analysis system. The muscle onset time and angle of anterior pelvic tilt were compared using a paired t-test. The study showed that in ADI maneuver during hip extension in prone position, the muscle onset time for the erector spinae was delayed significantly by a mean of 43.20 ms (SD 43.12), and the onset time for the gluteus maximus preceded significantly by a mean of -4.83 ms (SD 14.10) compared to non-ADI maneuver condition (p<.05). The angle of anterior pelvic tilt was significantly lower in the ADI maneuver condition by a mean of 7.03 degrees (SD 2.59) compared to non-ADI maneuver condition (15.01 degrees) (p<.05). The findings of this study indicated that prone hip extension with the ADI maneuver was an effective method to recruit the gluteus maximus earlier than erector spinae and to decrease anterior pelvic tilting.