• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1454-1469
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• 2010

Brands have their own life cycles and exert a great influence on the marketing activities of companies. This study examines the marketing activities according to a brand life cycle and measures the scope of their performances. The research divides a fashion brand life cycle into three stages through the analysis of secondary data, and validates the causal relationship between marketing activities, brand equity, and consumer behavior according to the brand life cycle. A total of 573 responses were analyzed through a factor analysis, path analysis, and paired t-test with SPSS 12.0. The results are as follows: According to the analysis of the relationship between marketing mix and brand equity, distribution strategies are effective at the introduction/growth stage and the continuation stage. Advertisement strategies should be a main focus at the maturity stage for brand awareness. Throughout all the stages, product strategies wield the greatest influence on the brand image. Among brand equity components, the brand image has an influence on consumer behavior at every stage of the cycle while the brand awareness has no significant effect on consumer behavior. The marketing mix component that has the greatest impact on consumer behavior is product. Contrary to general expectations, price has a negative or insignificant effect on consumer behavior at every stage of the cycle. The results illustrated in this study help to understand the life cycle of fashion brands and characteristics different from consumer goods. Thus, fashion companies should identify at which stage their brands are positioned and develop different strategies to fit each stage.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.179-189
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• 2020

This study analyzes the status and results of equity crowdfunding film projects from 2016 to 2018. The film project is conducted in the form of general corporate bonds and participating bonds, and 41.5% of the total bonds were issued, 9.5 billion won. In addition, a t-test analysis of the movie's the breakeven point and audience numbers showed that statistically significant and the average number of audience members was low. Therefore, this study suggests the following for the sustainable growth of the equity crowdfunding film project. Equity crowdfunding brokers should reinforce the review of the possibility of achieving the breakeven point of the film and the factors affecting the box office in the investment manual, and should also actively attract projects on the big films that are likely to be successful. This study is meaningful in that it analyzes the equity crowdfunding film project, which has not yet been widely studied in Korea, and is expected to provide implications in the subsequent research and system improvement process.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.489-504
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined socio-economic differences in diverse food consumption among children 6-23 months of age in South Asia and Southeast Asian countries. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data from Demographic and Health Surveys in four countries in South Asia (n = 15,749) and four countries in Southeast Asia (n = 10,789) were used. Survey-design adjusted proportions were estimated for the following 10 food items: grains, legumes, dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV), vitamin A-rich fruits, vitamin A-rich vegetables, other fruits and vegetables (OFV), fish, meat, dairy, and eggs. An equity gap was defined as an arithmetic difference in the proportion of each food item consumed in the past 24-hours between the wealthiest and lowest quintiles and between rural and urban areas, denoted by percentage points (pp). RESULTS: The consumption of most of the 10 food items was higher in the wealthiest quintiles and urban areas across eight countries. The size of equity gaps was greater in Southeast Asia than in South Asia, particularly for vitamin A-rich fruits (3.3-30.0 pp vs. 0.3-19.6 pp), vitamin A-rich vegetables (12.1-26.7 pp vs. 2.4-5.9 pp), meat (17.7-33.4 pp vs. 3.4-13.4 pp), and dairy (14.7-32.5 pp vs. 3.3-11.4 pp). However, the size of equity gap in egg consumption was greater in Southeast Asia than South Asia (11.2-19.8 pp vs. 11.0-26.7 pp). Relatively narrower gaps were seen in the consumption of grains (0.3-12.9 pp), DGLV (0.6-12.4 pp), and fish (0.1-16.8 pp) across all countries. CONCLUSIONS: Equity gaps in food consumption differed by socio-economic status and region. Reducing equity gaps in nutrient-rich foods and utilizing regionally available food resources may increase child dietary quality.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.523-530
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• 2016

The main purpose of this study is the comprehensive review of the compensation system that affects the employee's job satisfaction and turnover intention. This study is mainly designed to review previous studies of the impact of compensation system, and suggest meaningful implications in relation to firm's performance. It is clarified that compensation is positively related to firm's performance, and the perceived equity mediates the relationship between compensation and performance. It is suggested that an empirical research should be done based on the formulated propositions of this research.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.195-208
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• 2002

This study examines how marital dissatisfaction is connected with extramarital relations among married women. To explore this subject,1 am using in-depth interview techniques. The data from 16 married women who involved (and are involving) extramarital relations are collected in semistructured interviews. In this article, I describe four specific types of extramarital relations with particular relevance to marital dissatisfaction: (1) temporary extramarital relations caused by marital dissatisfaction, (2) positive extramarital relations as maintaining dissatisfied marriage, (3) unavoidable extramarital relations as breaking dissatisfied marriage, and (4) extramarital relations as a part of life with satisfied marriage. With these results, I believe that equity theory could be applicable in explaining the relationships between marital satisfaction and extramarital relations. There are limitations when the qualitative research is analyzed. One problem is measurement. It is difficult to measure equality (or equity), life dissatisfaction, and other concepts. furthermore, this study is not abbe to explain causal relationships among equality, life dissatisfaction, actual extramarital relations. The future study should perhaps be in quantitative research focused on the causal model in which all exchange variables are conceptualized and properly measured for the intimate relationship.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.192-201
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• 2020

This study examined the relationship between Korean male consumers' perceptions of marketing promotion investment such as advertising expenditure and celebrity endorsement are the brand equity elements. It also compared if there were differences on this research model and two groups that selected Korean or foreign country-of-brand-origin in fashion product purchasing. Online survey responses from 414 Korean men in their 20s-30s were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling analysis (SEM). Perceptions of advertising expenditures were found to be positively related to brand association in only the group that selected Korean country-of-brand-origin. The results showed a non-significant effect of perceptions for advertising expenditures on perceived product quality in both groups that selected Korean or foreign country-of-brand-origin. The results indicated that celebrity endorsement had a significant effect on brand association for the two male consumer groups. The results also demonstrated that the relationship of celebrity endorsement and perceived quality was significant in only a group that selected Korean country-of-brand-origin. The results also revealed that the effect of brand association and perceived product quality on brand preference was significant in both male consumer groups. This study has useful managerial implications for enhancing the effectiveness of investment in advertising activities.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.75-84
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• 2014

Purpose - This article aims to examine whether the stock issuance of firms in the retail industry follows Myers' (1984) pecking order theory, which is based on information asymmetry. According to the pecking order model, firms have a sequence of financing decisions, of which the first choice is to use retained earnings, the second one is to get into safe debt, the next involves risky debt, and the last involves finance with outside equity. Since the 2000s, the polarization of the LEs (Large enterprises) and SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) arose in the retail industry. The LEs exhibited an improvement in growth and profitability, whereas SMEs had a tendency to degenerate. This study contributes to corroborating the features of financing decisions in the retail industry distinguished from the other industries. Research design, data, and methodology - This study considers the stocks listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets from 1991 to 2013, and is more concentrated on the stocks in the retail industry. The data were collected from the financial information company, WISEfn. The empirical analysis is conducted by employing two measures of net equity issues (and), which were introduced in Fama and French (2005), and can be calculated from firms' accounting information. All variables are generated as the aggregate value of the numerator divided by aggregate assets, which, in effect, treats the entire sample as a single firm. Substantially, the financing decisions of the firms were analyzed by examining how often and under what circumstances firms issue and repurchase equity. Then, this study compares the features of the retail industry with those of the other industries. Results - The proportion of sample firms that show annual net stock issues reaching the level of the year's average was 54.33% for the 1990s, and fell to 39.93% per year for the 2000s. In detail, the fraction of the small firms actually increases from 45.08% to 51.04%, whereas that of large firms shows a dramatic decline from 58.94% to 24.76%. Considering the fact that the large firms' rapid increase in growth after the 2000s may lead to an increase in equity issues, this result is rather surprising. Meanwhile, net stock repurchases of assets are considerably disproportionate between the large (-50.11%) and the small firms (-15.66%) for the 2000s. Conclusions - Stock issuance of retail firms is not in line with the traditional seasoned equity offering based on information asymmetry. The net stock issuance of the small firms in the retail industry can be interpreted as part of an effort to reorganize business and solicit new investment to resolve degenerating business performance. For large firms, on the other hand, the net repurchase can be regarded as part of an effort to rearrange business for efficiency and amplifying synergy across business sections through spin-off. These results can help the government establish a support policy on retail industry according to size.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-72
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• 2007

The recent development of industrial marketing explains the near absence of research on brand equity in business-to-business markets. With recent change, industrial companies have shifted from a production focus to a customer focus. Industrial brand concept is rapidly developing. The basic purpose of this study is to investigate industrial brand equity affecting the result of business relationship between industrial buyers and suppliers. This research presented a comprehensive constructive model consisting of components of industrial brand equity, and then propose the research model base on prior researches and studies about relationships among components of industrial brand equity. Data were gathered from respondents who work in industrial buying center. For this study, Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.0 and AMOS 5.0. The results of this research analysis were as fallow. Industrial brand loyalty was positively related with perceived value, perceived quality, brand awareness, relationship satisfaction, switching cost, relationship commitment. Also, Industrial corporate performance and purchasing value was positively related with brand loyalty and relationship commitment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.193-202
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• 2015

This study suggests strategies business strategies of specialty contractors by interaction analysis between business performance indicators and construction business indicators depending on operation types. To analyzing this research, a database was analyze for construction orders and business performance indicators for specialty contractors with KRW 7 billion from 1997 to 2010 yr. For organized management oriented specialty contractors, the amount of construction orders is directly affecting the corporate stability and therefore decreasing orders can negatively affect the owner's equity ratio. However, considering that the turnover ratio of total liabilities and net worth is affecting the owner's equity, an asset management plan needs to be established in a way to increase sales to the owner's equity secured with increase in construction orders. For a single leader oriented specialty contractors, the owner's equity ratio is also significantly affected by change in the amount of construction orders and some countermeasure is required. But, as liability ratio is affecting the amount of construction orders, some sort of countermeasures to decrease liability ratio is required.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.45-51
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• 2002

As the circumstances surrounding world ports have changed rapidly, Port competition to attract more cargoes is increasing fiercely. Especially, fierce competition to attract the increasing container cargoes has cause main container ports on only to invest enormous fund to modernize its port facilities but also to improve efficiency in port operation and management. But, it is hard to build differentiation strategy with general port operation according to investing continuously enormous fund into main ports. In this situation, port marketing like 4P mix is of the immediate necessity and in this point, this paper estimated Brand Equity that have risen the core ability of marketing strategy, to transshipment port using Conjoint Analysis. In this analysis result, this paper shows that the brand equity of port significantly devoted to selection of transshipment port. This means that brand of port can attract considerable transshipment cargo. Then it have to induce customer loyalty for this brand extension.