• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1997

The equation of state is widely utilized as a simple model for the prediction of gas properties. There are several equations of state and they often make diverse and hard to believe output of gas properties. In this study, We show a reliability of equation of state for nitrogen, oxygen and argon in pressure range from 1 bar to 30 bar and temperature range from liquefaction to room temperature. We use three equations of state such as Soave-Redlich-Kwong, Peng-Robinson and BWR-LS' equation of state which provided in the Aspen plus. The results were compared with literatures and virial equation. Finally, We report the differences of process calculation of distillation column and expansion turbine in cryogenic air separation plant with change of equation of state.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.131-143
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• 2023

Constitutive equations in a nuclear reactor safety analysis code are mostly empirical correlations developed from experiments, which always accompany uncertainties. The accuracy of the code can be improved by modifying the constitutive equations fitting wider range of data with less uncertainty. Thus, the sensitivity of the code with respect to the constitutive equations is evaluated quantitatively in the paper to understand the room for improvement of the code. A new methodology is proposed which first starts by dividing the thermal hydraulic conditions into multiple sub-regimes using self-organizing map (SOM) clustering method. The sensitivity analysis is then conducted by multiplying an arbitrary set of coefficients to the constitutive equations for each sub-divided thermal-hydraulic regime with SOM to observe how the code accuracy varies. The randomly chosen multiplier coefficient represents the uncertainty of the constitutive equations. Furthermore, the set with the smallest error with the selected experimental data can be obtained and can provide insight which direction should the constitutive equations be modified to improve the code accuracy. The newly proposed method is applied to a steady-state experiment and a transient experiment to illustrate how the method can provide insight to the code developer.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.838-849
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• 2017

This paper proposes penalty factor equations that take into consideration the weld strength over-match given in the classified form similar to the revised equations presented in the Code Case N-779 via cyclic elastic-plastic finite element analysis. It was found that the $K_e$ analysis data reflecting elastic follow-up can be consolidated by normalizing the primary-plus-secondary stress intensity ranges excluding the nonlinear thermal stress intensity component, $S_n$ to over-match degree of yield strength, $M_F$. For the effect of over-match on $K_n{\times}K_{\nu}$, dispersion of the $K_n{\times}K_{\nu}$ analysis data can be sharply reduced by dividing total stress intensity range, excluding local thermal stresses, $S_{p-lt}$ by $M_F$. Finally, the proposed equations were applied to the weld between the safe end and the piping of a pressurizer surge nozzle in pressurized water reactors in order to calculate a cumulative usage factor. The cumulative usage factor was then compared with those derived by the previous $K_e$ factor equations. The result shows that application of the proposed equations can significantly reduce conservatism of fatigue assessment using the previous $K_e$ factor equations.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.662-668
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• 2011

This paper presents an analysis of a 4th order LCLC resonant converter with a capacitive output filter using the state-space approach. The analysis of the converter shows that there are four intervals in a half period. In each interval, the state-space equations are obtained. Due to the soft switching of the converter, an exact equation for the Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) time and the maximum dead time of the inverter switches are presented. The simulation and experimental results obtained from a 10kv, 370w prototype confirm the validity of the theoretical analysis.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.8
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• pp.1434-1439
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• 2008

Numerical methods for solving the state feedback control problem of linear time invariant system are presented in this paper. The methods are based on Haar wavelet approximation. The properties of Haar wavelet are first presented. The operational matrix of integration and its inverse matrix are then utilized to reduce the state feedback control problem to the solution of algebraic matrix equations. The proposed methods reduce the computation time remarkably. Finally a numerical example is illustrated to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-82
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• 2016

In view of ideas for semigroups, fractional calculus, resolvent operator and Banach contraction principle, this manuscript is generally included with existence and controllability (EaC) results for fractional neutral integro-differential systems (FNIDS) with state-dependent delay (SDD) in Banach spaces. Finally, an examples are also provided to illustrate the theoretical results.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1987.10b
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• pp.562-565
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• 1987

This paper addresses the development of the estimation algorithm to acquire target position, velocity and course using bearing-only measurements in two dimensional environment. System state equations are derived from modified polar coordinates instead of existing Cartesian coordinates system. The Extended Kalman Filter is used to constitute the estimation algorithm because of state equation's nonlinearity. The computer simulation is done to verify the performance of derived algorithm. Simulation result showed that estimated state value of filter was converged to the true value in 10 minutes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and amino acid (AA) digestibility of sunflower seed meal (SFSM) and to use this data to develop prediction equations for estimating AA digestibility for growing pigs. Ten SFSM were collected from five provinces in China. Twelve barrows ($38.8{\pm}4.6kg$), fitted with ileal T-cannula were allotted into two $6{\times}6$ Latin square designs. Each of six experimental periods comprised a 5-d adaption period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The ten test diets contained 50% SFSM as the sole source of AA. Another nitrogen-free diet was used to measure the basal endogenous losses of crude protein (CP) and AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an inert marker in each diet. There was considerable variation (CV>10%) among the ten SFSM in chemical composition (dry matter [DM]). The concentration of CP and ether extract (EE) ranged from 29.33% to 39.09% and 0.88% to 11.33%, respectively. Crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre ranged from 21.46% to 36.42%, 38.15% to 55.40%, and 24.59% to 37.34%, respectively. There was variation among the ten SFSM in apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) for lysine and threonine, which ranged from 63.16 to 79.21 and 55.19% to 72.04% for AID and 67.03% to 82.07% and 61.97% to 77.01% for SID, respectively. The variation in CP and methionine ranged from 60.13% to 74.72% and 74.79% to 88.60% for AID and 66.70% to 79.31% and 77.16% to 90.27% for SID, respectively. Methionine was a good indicator to predict AA digestibility. These results indicate that conventional chemical composition of SFSM was variable (CV>10%) among the ten SFSM (DM). The results of AID, SID and prediction equations could be used to evaluate the digestibility of SFSM in growing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.654-661
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• 2015

Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of 19 rice bran samples and to develop prediction equations for DE and ME based on their chemical composition. The 19 rice bran samples came from different rice varieties, processing methods and regions. The basal diet was formulated using corn and soybean meal (74.43% corn and 22.91% soybean meal and 2.66% vitamins and minerals). The 19 experimental diets based on a mixture of corn, soybean meal and 29.2% of each source of rice bran, respectively. In Exp. 1, 108 growing barrows ($32.1{\pm}4.2kg$) were allotted to 1 of 18 treatments according to a completely randomized design with 6 pigs per treatment. The treatment 1 was the control group which was fed with basal diet. The treatments 2 to 18 were fed with experimental diets. In Exp. 2, two additional rice bran samples were measured to verify the prediction equations developed in Exp. 1. A control diet and two rice bran diets were fed to 18 growing barrows ($34.6{\pm}3.5kg$). The control and experimental diets formulations were the same as diets in Exp. 1. The results showed that the DE ranged from 14.48 to 16.85 (mean 15.84) MJ/kg of dry matter while the ME ranged from 12.49 to 15.84 (mean 14.31) MJ/kg of dry matter. The predicted values of DE and ME of the two additional samples in Exp. 2 were very close to the measured values.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.72-77
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• 2000

This paper presents the results of the application of a computational fluid dynamics algorithm for the simulation of plasma flows of arc-heated jet. The underlying physical model is based on the axisymmetric form of the conservation equations that are coupled with an arc model including Ohm heating, electromagnetic forces. The arc model given as a source term in fluid dynamic equations is determined by a solution of electric potential field governed by an elliptic partial differential equation. The governing equation of electric field is loosely coupled with fluid dynamic equations by an electric conductivity that is a function of state variables. However, the electric fields and flow fields cannot be solved In fully coupled manner, but should be solved iteratively due to the different characteristics of governing equations. With this solution approach, several applications of arc flow analysis will be presented including Arc Thruster and Circuit Breaker.