• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.406-416
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• 2017

본 연구는 대학병원 응급실에 근무하는 응급실 종사자를 대상으로 폭력 경험에 따른 폭력 반응, 소진 및 직무 만족도를 조사하였다. IRB 심의 면제 후 설문지를 이용하여 대학병원 응급실 종사자 167명을 대상으로 2015년 7월부터 8월까지 자기기입식으로 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficiency, Multiple regression로 분석하였다. 이에 따른 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 대상자의 응급실 폭력 경험에서 대상자가 폭력에 노출 경험이 있는 경우가 84.4%로 다수를 차지하며 언어폭력이 가장 높게 나타났다. 폭력 가해자는 환자와 보호자에 의한 발생이 많았으며, 보호자의 경우 음주상태인 경우가 많았고 폭력 발생은 야간 근무 때 높게 나타났고, 폭력 경험은 의료진이 가장 많았다. 폭력 경험에 따른 정서적 반응이 유의하게 높게 (t=2.528, p=0.12)로 나타났다. 응급실 폭력 경험 대상자의 폭력 반응과 소진은 유의한 양의 상관관계로 나타났다(r=.616, p=<.001). 응급실 폭력 경험 대상자의 폭력 반응과 직무 만족은 유의한 음의 상관관계를 나타내었으며 (r=-.512, p=<.001) 응급실 폭력 경험 대상자의 소진과 직무 만족은 유의한 음의 상관관계로 나타났다(r=-.568, p=<.001). 직무 만족에 가장 큰 영향 요인은 폭력에 대한 정서적 반응과 소진으로 파악되었다. 이 번 연구는 폭력 예방을 위한 프로그램과 함께 폭력에의 노출 후 정서적 지지 및 스트레스나 소진 관리를 위한 전략이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2007

동아시아에서 광역적인 대기오염 이동과 한반도 유입을 인공위성과 지상 관측을 통해 5개의 사례를 분석하였다. 이 사례들은 주로 중국 대륙의 도시와 산업지대에서 배출된 오염물질들이 황해를 지나 한반도에 상륙 및 통과하는 광역적인 대기오염 이동이다. NOAA인공위성 관측 자료의 분석은 가시영역과 적외선 영역의 3개 채널을 합성하여 영상을 만들고, 황해 위에서 대기오염의 분포와 이동을 구별해 낼 수 있었다. 또한 청원의 배경관측지점에서 대기오염의 지상 관측 자료는 인공위성 관측 자료와 비교하여 검증하는데 매우 가치가 있었다. 특히, 광역적 대기오염의 이동 사례에서는 $PM_{10}$과 $PM_{2.5}$ 농도의 차이가 적으면서, $PM_{2.5}$값이 높게 증가한다. 그러나 황사의 경우는 $PM_{10}$ 농도가 훨씬 높게 관측되어 $PM_{2.5}$와의 차이가 매우 큼이 특징적이다. 2006년 1월 27일의 사례에서는 중국 발원의 광역적 대기오염이 한반도의 중부 및 남서지역으로의 유입을 인공위성뿐 아니라 여러 지상관측소들에서 순차적으로 관측할 수 있었다. 북북서 기류가 제주도 한라산을 넘어서 풍하측 멀리까지 구름을 소산시키고 대기오염을 감소시키며, 카르만 소용돌이를 만들고 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.183-200
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• 2017

The classification of airflow patterns during high ozone ($O_3$) and $PM_{10}$ episodes on Jeju Island in recent years (2009-2015), as well as their correlation with meteorological conditions according to classified airflow patterns were investigated in this study. The airflow patterns for $O_3$ and $PM_{10}$ were classified into four types (Types A-D) and three types (Types E-G), respectively, using the HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model and synoptic weather charts. Type A was the most dominant airflow pattern for $O_3$ episodes, being characterized by the transport of airflows from urban and industrial areas in China with the highest frequency (about 69%, with a mean of 67 ppb). With regard to the $PM_{10}$ episodes, Type E was the most dominant airflow pattern, and was mostly associated with long distance transport from Asian dust source regions along northwesterly winds, having the highest frequency (about 92%, with a mean of $136{\mu}g/m^3$). The variations in the concentration of $O_3$ and $PM_{10}$ during the study period were clarified in correlation with two pollutant and meteorological variables; for example, the high (low) $O_3$ and $PM_{10}$ concentrations with high (low) air temperature and/or wind speed and vice versa for precipitation. The contribution of long-range transport to the observed $PM_{10}$ levels in urban sites for different airflow patterns (Types E-F), if estimated in comparison to the data from the Gosan background site, was found to account for approximately 87-93% (on average) of its input. The overall results of the present study suggest that the variations in $O_3$ and $PM_{10}$ concentrations on Jeju Island are mainly influenced by the transport effect, as well as the contribution of local emissions.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.207-223
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• 1995

A new medical delivery system which regulated outpatient department(OPD) use from tertiary care hospitals was adopted in 1989. Under the new system, patients using tertiary care hospital OPD without referral slip from clinics or hospitals could not get any insurance benefit for the services received from the tertiary care hospital. This study was conducted to evaluate the Patient Referral System(PRS) with respect to health care expenditures and utilization. Two data sets were used in this study. One was monthly data set(from January 1986 to December 1992) from the Annual Report of Korea Medical Insurance Corporation(KMIC). The other was monthly joint data set composed of personal data of which 10% were selected randomly with their utilization data of KMIC from January 1988 to December 1992. The data were analyzed by time-series intervention model of SAS-ETS. The results of this study were as follows: 1. There was no statistically significant changes in per capita expenditures following PRS. 2. Utilization episodes per capita was increased statistically significantly after implementation of PRS. The use of clinics and hospitals increased significantly, whereas in tertiary care hospitals the use decreased significantly immediately after implementation of PRS and increased afterwards. 3. Follow-up visits per episode were decreased statistically significantly after implementation of PRS. The decrease of follow-up visits per episode were remarkable in clinics and hospitals, whereas in tertiary care hospitals it was increased significantly after implementation of PRS. 4. There was no statistically significant changes in prescribing days per episode following PRS. Futhermore, clinics and hospitals showed a statistically significant decrease in prescribing days per episode, whereas in tertiary care hospital it showed statistically significant increase after implementation of PRS. 5. Except high income class, the use of tertiary care hospitals showed statistically significant decrease after implementation of PRS. The degree of decrease in the use of tertiary care hospitals was inversely proportional to income. These results suggest that the PRS policy was not efficient because per capita expenditures did not decrease, and was not effective because utilization episodes per capita, follow-up visits per episode. and prescribing days per episode were not predictable and failed to show proper utilization. It was somewhat positive that utilization episodes per capita were decreased temporarily in tertiary care hospitals. And PRS policy was not appropriate because utilization episodes per capita was different among income groups. In conclusion, the PRS should be revised for initial goal attainment of cost containment and proper health care utilization.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.205-221
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• 1996

This study is designed to contribute to the intervention of adolescent domestic violence by understanding the experience of the victims, better. The data were collected through a series of interviews with 3 subjects singled out at each stage of research. With the permission of the subjects, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The interviews lasted from two and a half to 8 hours. The data were analyzed in the framework of grounded theory as mapped out by Strauss & Corbin (1990). The major findings of this research are as follows : The core category was found to be the adaptation of "Jitnulim" or "Being suppressed". The sub-categories identified in the process of grounded data analysis were 'roughness', 'wildness', 'driving', 'challenging', 'being strapped', 'being pressed', 'erupting', 'being horrified', 'being hardened', 'being connected', 'being seen', 'being helpful', being led', 'sprouting', 'being off', 'being cast out', 'shaking off', 'getting out', 'covering-up', 'waiting', 'ruling', 'common placeness', 'overcoming', 'getting united', 'fa11ing behind', 'falling in', 'being mixed up', 'ruthlessness', 'estrangement', 'difficulty', 'being overwhelmed', 'feeling regreful', 'being pressed', 'hesitating', and 'shying off'. These categories were again grouped into 11 categories including 'threatening', 'straightjacketing', 'alliance', 'phenomenon', 'pattern of support', 'system of support', 'challenging', 'calming-down', 'being relieved', 'being hardened and entangled', 'being entangled'. The following four theses were confirmed on the basis of the repetitive relation: 1) If the episodes of violence are frequent and serious, with the resulting straightjacketing being stronger the victim's family relations are coherent and the subject's support pattern is highly mature. Concrete the responses to the straighjacketing resulted in a'calming-down' which gradually relieved. 2) If the episodes of violence were frequent and serious, with the resulting straightjacketing being strong the victim's family relations and incoherent and the subjects supporter is immature but strong the support type is superficial and the responses to the straightjacketing result in a bouncing-off which gets entangled with the passage of time. 3) If the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious, the straighljacketing is strong, but the family relations are and the subject's support system is mature and strong the responses to the straightjacketing result in a calming-down which gets partly relieved but partly entangled. 4) If the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious with the resulting straightiacketing being strong, the victim's family relations are incoherent, the subject's support system is immature, and the support type is immature the responses to the straightjacketing result in a 'bouncing-off' which gets entangled and partly hardened with time.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.70-80
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• 1998

This study is designed to contribute to the nursing intervention of adolescent domestic violence victims by describing specifically what they go through and on this basis work out a grounded theory on the adolescent's experience in domestic violence. The data were analyzed in the framework of grounded theory as mapped out by Strauss & Corbin(1990). The major findings of this research are as follows : The core category was found to be the the adaptation of "Joyudeum" or “Straight jacketing”. The sub-categories identified in the process of grounded data analysis were 'menacing', 'being harassed', 'being pressed', 'being attacked', 'being strapped', 'being filled with anger'. 'getting angry', 'being oppressed', 'being strained', 'becoming hard', 'endurance', 'regulation', 'seriousness'. 'repitition'. 'being helpful', 'dependence', 'thinking oriented', 'blowing off', 'going astray', 'self-deprecating', 'shaking off', 'covering up', 'governing', 'being devoted', 'performing', 'being transformed'. 'bolting', 'being shaken', 'withdrawing', 'disliking', 'bitterness'. These categories were again grouped into 13 categories including 'threatening'. 'straight jacketing', 'tolerance', 'violence', 'supporter', 'supporting type', 'thinking oriented'. 'impulsive response', 'self-controlled', 'response', 'self-reliance', 'wandering', 'withdrawal' and pain'. Of these the five sub-categories 'being filled with anger'. 'getting angry', 'being oppressed', 'being strained', 'becoming hard' were grouped into a core category "straight jacketing". Those adolescents brought up in a violent family go through three stages of the adaptation of "straight Jacketing". that is, generation, response and adaptation. The following four theses were confirmed on the basis of repetitive relations : 1) If a subject's tolerance is strong, the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious, with the resulting straight jacketing being stronger but the subject's supporter is highly mature, the supporting type is concrete and the thinking oriented is wishful, the responses to the straight jacketing result in a self-control whose consequence is self-reliance with part of it resulted in withdrawal and pain. 2) If a subject's tolerance is weak, the episodes of the violence are frequent but not serious, with the resulting straight jacketing being weaker but the subject's supporter is immature, the supporting type is superficial and the thinking oriented is extemporary, the responses to the straight jacketing result in an impulsion whose consequence is wandering with part of it resulted in withdrawal and pain. 3) If a subject's tolerance is weak, the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious, the straight jacketing is strong, the subject's supporter is immature and the supporting type is superficial but the thinking oriented is wishful, the responses to the straight jacketing result in an impulsion whose consequence is withdrawal and pain with part of it resulted in wandering. 4) If a subject's tolerance is strong and the episodes of the violence are infrequent and not serious, the straight jacketing is weak, the subject's supporter is immature and the supporting type is superficial but the thinking oriented is wishful, the responses to the straight jacketing result in a self-control whose consequence is withdrawal and pain with part of it resulted in self-reliance.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.424-435
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• 2002

이 연구에서는 1997년부터 1999년 3년 간 대구광역시의 시간별 O$_3$ 농도 자료와 기상자료를 분석하여, 대구시의 고농도 오존 발생 일에 나타나는 기상학적 특성을 알아보고자 한다. 고농도 오존 발생 일의 선정은 우리나라 환경기준치인 1시간 평균 오존 농도 100ppb를 초과한 지점이 대구시의 6개 측정 지점 중 한 지점이라도 있는 경우로 정했다. 고농도 오존 발생 일은 13일이었으며, 5월과 9월이 가장 그 빈도가 높았다. 고농도 오존 발생 일의 하루 평균 최대 오존 농도는 81.6ppb이었으며, 8시간 평균 농도는 58.6ppb이었다. 이는 대구의 오존 오염이 연속적으로 그리고 광범위하게 일어났고 있음을 의미한다. 하루 최고 오존 농도는 일사량, 최고 온도와 양의 상관을 보였으며, 상대 습도, 풍속, 구름양과는 음의 상관을 보였다. 일사량과의 상관계수가 0.45로 가장 높았다. 고농도 오존 발생 일의 기상 값과 그 날을 포함하는 월평균 값과의 차이를 보면, +1.58hPa(해면 기압), +3.45${\circ}$C(최고 기온), -5.69%(상대 습도), -0.46ms$^{-1}$(풍속), -1.79(구름양), +3.97MJm$^{-2}$(일사량)을 각각 보였다. 이는 0700${\sim}$1100LST사이의 높은 일사량, 낮은 풍속, 무강수가 고농도 예측의 중요특징임을 나타낸다. 이는 이 시간의 정체와도 연관이 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.284-286
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• 2008

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.187-188
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• 2004

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.305-308
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• 2009