• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1277-1284
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• 2005

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effect of delivery nursing care using essential oils on labor stress response, labor anxiety and postpartum status anxiety for primipara. Methods: This study used nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this experiment consisted of forty eight primipara with single gestation, full term, & uncomplicated pregnancies. Twenty four primipra were in the experimental and control group each. Their mean age was 27.9 years old, their mean gestation period 279.9 days. As a treatment, delivery nursing care using essential oils was applied by nurses. Data collected epinephrine, norepinephrine, anxiety during labor. In the 24 hours after birth, the data for the postpartum mother's status anxiety was collected. Data was analyzed by t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, & Wilcoxon signed ranks test with SPSS Program. Results : Plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine were significantly low in the experimental group (P=0.001, P=0.033, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups in anxiety during labor and postpartum mother's status anxiety. Conclusion : These findings indicate that delivery nursing care using essential oils could be effective in decreasing plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine. But, that could not be verified in decreasing mother's anxiety.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to clarify effects of long term, low-level monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure (MAHs) such as styrene, toluene and xylene on physiological levels of epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NEP) and these hormones influences diagnosis indices of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: Blood pressure and serum biochemical parameters were measured using digital sphygmomanometer and autochemical analyzer. EP and NEP were analyzed by using ELISA kit and exposure level of MAHs was measured by NIOSH method. Results: The differences of general characteristics such as age, smoking and drinking habits in both groups were not significantly different except working hours per day. In exposed workers, exposure levels of MAHs showed very low concentrations. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in exposed group, but concentration of NEP was significantly higher in control group. On multiple logistic regression analysis for the diagnosis indices of MetS, EP was WC (OR=0.970), NEP was blood pressure (OR=1.002) and MAHs exposure were significantly associated with HDL-cholesterol (OR=0.257), fasting glucose (OR=3.028) and MetS (OR=0.372). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the chronic exposure of low level MAHs maycontribute to glucose metabolism and induction of MetS. And also, changes of EP and NEP levels by exposure of MAHs affect blood pressure.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07c
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• pp.2140-2142
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• 2004

본 논문은 전기화학 합성으로 형성한 폴리피롤(polypyrrole : PPy) 전극에 신경 전달물질(neurotransmitter)인 에피네프린(epinephrine : Ep)을 치환도핑하여 전압인가에 따른 방출과 자외선 분광법에 의한 검출 결과를 보인다. 폴리피롤 막은 정전압법으로 금 전극에 합성하였고, potassium phosphate buffer(pH 7.0) 내에서 에피네프린을 폴리피롤 막에 치환도핑하였다. 폴리피롤 막에 10mM Ep 농도로 치환도핑한 후 염화나트륨 수용액에서 -0.9V의 환원전압을 인가하여 에피네프린을 방출하였다. 자외선 분광법을 이용하여 파장 250$^{\sim}$400nm 영역에서 방출된 에피네프린 용액의 최대흡광도가 약 0.021 임을 확인하였고 이는 에피네프린 표준용액의 정량선으로부터 16${\mu}$g 이 방출되었음을 의미한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1970

The author studied the actions of autonomic drugs on the uterine muscle isolated from Ditrema temmincki Bleeker, and the results obtained were summerized as follows. 1) The motility of the fish uterus was stimulated by epinephrine, norepinephrine and phenylephrine, but inhibited by isoproterenol. 2) The inhibitory effects of isoproterenol on the fish uterus was not affected by phenoxybenzamine, but blocked by propranolol. 3) The excitatory effects of phenylephrine on the fish uterus were blocked by phenoxybenzamine, but stimulated by propranolol. 4) The excitatory effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine were reversed by phenoxybenzamine and stimulated by propranolol. 5) The motility of the fish uterus pretreated with phenoxybenzamine and propranolol was not affected by isoproterenol, phenylephrine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. 6) It seemed that the uterine muscle of the fish had both alpha excitatory and beta inhibitory receptors. 7) The motility of the uterus of the fish was stimulated by acetylcholine. The stimulating action of acetylcholine was antagonized by atropine. 8) The motility of fish uterus was not affected by nicotine and DMPP. The actions of these drugs were not affected by pretreatment with hexamethonium and atropine. 9) It is, therefore, concluded that there are not present ganglia cells furnished with cholinergic fiber in the uterine wall of the fish.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2008

최근 견관절 질환의 상당수가 관절경 수술로 이루어지고 있다. 좌체위(beath chair position)를 이용한 관절경 수술은 시술 중 관헐적 방법으로의 전환이 용이하고 공간에 대한 orientation을 쉽게 잡을 수 있어 선호되고 있다. 또한 관절경 수술 시 시야 확보를 위해 epinephrine을 혼합한 세척액이 통상적으로 사용되고 있다. 관절경 수술 시 심부 정맥 혈전증(deep vein thrombosis), 가스 색전증, 세척액에 사용하는 epinephrine에 의한 심실성 빈맥 등과 같은 치명적인 부작용이 가끔 보고되어 있다. 관절경하 견관절 수술 도중 심실 빈맥의 발생은 매우 드문 경우이며 이에 대한 보고도 거의 없는 상태이다. 저자들은 2주의 기간 동안 좌체위로 관절경하 견관절 수술을 하는 도중 갑작스럽게 발생한 심실 빈맥 2예를 경험하였기에 원인 및 치료 과정을 보고하고자 한다. 좌체위로 인한 뇌혈류 저하, 가스 색전증 등의 증세는 없었다. 관절경술 도중 세척액에 투입된 소량의 epinephrine이 동시에 체내로 급속히 유입되어 심실 빈맥이 왔으리라 추정하고 있으며, 실험을 통해 이를 증명하고자 하였다.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.193-206
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• 2004

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the anti-stress effect of YST on the cold-stressed Mice. Method: The experimental animals were stressed in cold room ($4{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$) for 1 hour in a day during 2weeks, and administerd 115mg/100g YST extract for 2weeks before stress. For 2weeks, we conducted a research about the change of weight and content of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, cortisol and GOT, GPT in the mice serum. Results: YST significantly inhibited the decrease of body weight induced by stress, compared with the control group. YST had no significant decreasing effect on the change of content of the serum GOT But decreased the content of the serum GPT. YST decreased the content of the serum cortisol. YST decreased the content of the serum dopamine a little and decreased the content of the serum epinephrine significantly. Conclusion: According to the above results, it is concluded that YST will be useful as a remedy against stress disease.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 1990

Reiestad and Stromskag recently introduced the interpleural installation of local anesthetic solutions as a technique for the management of postoperative pain in patients undergoing cholecystectomy, renal surgery, and breast surgery. This study was done to manage postoperative pain in the patients undergoing unilateral upper-abdominal surgery and thoracotomy. Twenty patients received 0.5% bupivacaine 20 ml with epinephrine (Children, received 10 ml). Results were as follows: 1) Analgesic effects appeared in 15.56 minutes; mean analgesic duration from the initial intrapleural injection was 10.5 hours. 2) Blood pressure increased more after the operation than before the operation. Blood pressure before injection of bupivacaine was highest (p<0.01). Heart rate was increased before injection and 10 minutes after injection of 0.5% bupivacaine (p<0.05). 3) The values of $PaCO_2$, were improved from $41.7{\pm}2.02\;mmHg$ ($PaCO_2$), $85.2{\pm}2.41\;mmHg$ ($PaO_2$) to $37.8{\pm}2.41\;mmHg$ ($PaCO_2$), $107.0{\pm}7.86\;mmHg$ ($PaO_2$) respectively (p<0.01). 4) Complication such as pneumothorax, atelectasis and CNS toxicity did not appear. 5) Intrapleural administration of local anesthetics after unilateral upper-abdominal and thoracic surgery provided a satisfactory pain control.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of low-intensity muscle training on neurotransmitters associated with depression and emotion regulation disorders in survivors with stroke who were diagnosed with depression or emotion regulation disorder. Methods : Survivors of chronic stroke diagnosed with depression or emotion regulation disorder (n = ) were included in the study. Concentrations of serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were measured before and after. Low-intensity muscle training was performed once a day for 50 minutes, 5 times a week for 10 weeks. Result : Levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine improved significantly after intervention (p < .05). Conclusion : These results confirm that low-intensity muscle training has a positive effect on neurotransmitter concentrations in survivors with stroke diagnosed with depression and emotion regulation disorders. Future studies should analyze the changes in neurotransmitters in more detail using various exercise methods and intensities to investigate their effects on depression and emotion regulation disorders.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 1996

To determine the regulatory mechanism of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) in the adrenal gland and in central nervous system, we observed the change of enzyme activity and mRNA level of PNMT in the adrenal gland, the brain stem, and hypothalamus of rats, which were injected with two neuroleptic agents(reserpine and haloperidol ). Reserpine depleting catecholamines in presynaptic vesicle increased PNMT activities in the adrenal gland and the brain stem to 150% of the control in time-dependent manner, but not in the hypothalamus. Haloperidol blocking dopamine receptor decreased PNMT activities in the adrenal gland and the hypothalamus, but not in the brain stem. Thus, the results indicate that catecholamines inhibit synthesis of epinephrine in the brain stem and the adrenal gland, and that dopamine stimulates synthesis of epinephrine in the hypothalamus and the adrenal gland. In addition, since the change of mRNA levels were nearly in accordance with the change of activities, the transcriptional regulation of PNMT is considered the mechanism of the regulation of epinephrine neuron.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.203-208
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• 2010

Tremors are trembling movements and are seen in association with alcoholic intoxication, certain drugs, thyrotoxicosis, multiple sclerosis, hysteria, and nervous tension. Dental fears, such as, pain, drill, unknown, dependency, helplessness, mutilation and oral change, induce the neuroendocrine response (release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, etc). The clinical manifestations of epinephrine or other vasopressor overdose include : anxiety, tenseness, restlessness, throbbing headache, tremor, perspiration, weakness, dizziness, pallor, palpitation and respiratory difficulty. Signs of local anesthetic overdose appear clinically whenever the anesthetic level in the blood rises to an appropriate level in an individual. The clinical signs of moderate overdose levels include : talkativeness, apprehension, excitability, slurred speech, tremor and muscular twitching. This is a case report about the severe tremor care after the endodontic treatment under right mandibular block anesthesia in a 56-years old female patient.