• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.364-367
• /
• 2006

Epilepsy is the most common paroxysmal disorders seen in the childhood. But other nonepileptic paroxysmal events are confused with epileptic seizures or have unusual clinical features. Nonepileptic paroxysmal disorders tend to recur episodically. So differential diagnosis between epileptic and nonepileptic disorders in fundamental not only to allow correct management of patients and but also avoid of unnecessary antiepileptic medications. To accurate diagnosis of nonepileptic paroxysmal disorders, the patients' age and accurate description of the events are need.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.107-118
• /
• 2007

Background : It is well known that non-rapid eye movement(NREM) sleep activates the occurrence of interictal epileptiform discharges(IED) in many epileptic syndromes. We performed this study to assess the effect of NREM sleep on IED in epileptic patients with organic brain lesions. Materials and Methods : We analyzed awake and sleep electroencephalopathy(EEG) recorded simultaneously after partial sleep deprivation in 50 patients. We calculated the awake and sleep spike index (ASI and SSI, spikes/epoch), and the percentage increase of ASI and SSI during sleep. Results : In the 50 patients, the IEDs were recorded exclusively during the awake state in 1 (2%) patient, and during the sleep state in 13(26%) patients. The SSI was higher in 44 (88%) patients, and the ASI was higher in 5 (10%) patients. The mean ASI and the SSI in patients with organic brain lesions were $0.058{\pm}0.121$ and $0.148{\pm}0.187$, and it was $0.081{\pm}0.150$ and $0.174{\pm}0.226$ in patients without organic brain lesions. There were significant increases in the spike index (P<0.05) during NREM sleep in both groups (n=36), but no significant difference in the percent increase of spike index (P>0.05). Conclusion : The IEDs were activated significantly during NREM sleep both in patients with and without organic brain lesions, but there were no differences in the degree of activation in both groups. The activating effect of NREM sleep was not correlated with clinical factors such as, frequent nocturnal seizures, frequent generalized tonic clonic seizures, type of epilepsy and taking anticonvulsants. We conclude that the routine EEG used to evaluate epileptiform discharges in epileptic patients should include sleep recordings after partial sleep deprivation.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 2011

Objectives:We conduct this study to investigate the common features between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) and epileptic patients compared to normal control. Methods:Epileptic patients were recruited from the department of pediatic in Jesus Hospital. ADHD patients were recruited from the department of neuropsychiatry in Jesus Hospital. We excluded mental retardation or brain organic pathology. We use ADHD Diagnostic System and Korean-Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL) to assess features of ADHD. Electroencephalogram(EEG) of ADHD, epileptic patients and normal control were analyzed and compared. Results:Compared to normal control group, inattention, reaction time deviation were increased in both ADHD and epilepsy group. EEG abnormalities(control 13.8%, epilepsy 97.1%, ADHD 40%) in three groups were reported. Conclusion:There are common features of ADHD and epileptic patients.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 1985

Childhood epilepsy which has high prevalence rate and inception rate is one of the commonest problem encountered in pediatrician. In contrast with epilepsy of adult, in childhood epilepsy, more variable and varying manifestations are found because the factors of age, growth and development exert their influences in the manifestations and the courses of childhood epilepsy. Moreover epileptic children have associated problems such as physical and mental handicaps, psychologicaldisorders and learning disability. For these reasons pediatrician who deals with epileptic children experiences difficulties in making diagnosis and managing them. In order to improve understanding and management of childhood epilepsy, authors reviewed 103 cases of epileptic patients seen at pediatric department of Yeungnam University Hospital retrospectively. The patients were classified according to the type of epileptic seizure. Suspected causes of epilepsy, associated conditions of epileptic patients, age incidence and the findings of brain CT were reviewed. Large numbers of epileptic patients (61.2%) developed their first seizures under the age of 5. The most frequent type of epileptic seizure was generalized ionic-clonic, tonic, clonic seizure (49.5%), followed by simple partial seizure with secondary generalization (17.5%), simple partial seizure (7.8%), a typical absence (5.8%) and unclassified seizure (5.8%). In 83.5% of patients, we could not find specific cause of it, but in 16.5% of cases, history of neonatal hypoxia (4.9%), meningitis (3.9%), prematurity (1.9%), small for gestational age (1.0%), CO poisoning (1.0%), encephalopathy (1.0%), DPT vaccination (1.0%), cerebrovascular accident (1.0%) and neonatal jaundice (1.0%) were found, 30 cases of patients had associated diseases such as mental retardation, hyperactivity, delayed motor milestones or their combinations. The major abnormal findings of brain CT performed in 42 cases were cortical atrophy, cerebral infarction, hydrocephalus and brain swelling. This review stressed better designed classification of epilepsy is needed and with promotion of medical care, prevention of epilepsy is possible in some cases. Also it is stressed that childhood epilepsy requires multidisplinary therapy and brain CT is helpful in the evaluation of epilepsy with limitation in therapeutic aspects.

• Biomedical Engineering Letters
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.373-382
• /
• 2018

Since epileptic seizure is unpredictable and paroxysmal, an automatic system for seizure detecting could be of great significance and assistance to patients and medical staff. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for multichannel patient-specific seizure detection applying the earth mover's distance (EMD) in scalp EEG. Firstly, the wavelet decomposition is executed to the original EEGs with five scales, the scale 3, 4 and 5 are selected and transformed into histograms and afterwards the distances between histograms in pairs are computed applying the earth mover's distance as effective features. Then, the EMD features are sent to the classifier based on the Bayesian linear discriminant analysis (BLDA) for classification, and an efficient postprocessing procedure is applied to improve the detection system precision, finally. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the CHB-MIT scalp EEG database with 958 h EEG recordings from 23 epileptic patients is used and a relatively satisfactory detection rate is achieved with the average sensitivity of 95.65% and false detection rate of 0.68/h. The good performance of this algorithm indicates the potential application for seizure monitoring in clinical practice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.463-466
• /
• 2016

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain neoplasm. The current standard therapy for GBM consists of maximal surgical resection within safe limits, followed by radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis of GBM remains poor. Epileptic seizure is one of the most common symptoms in patients with GBM. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, is often used as an anti-epileptic drug in patients with brain neoplasms due to its effectiveness and low toxicity profile. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that VPA has radiosensitizing effects for gliomas and radioprotective influence on normal brain tissue or hippocampal neurons. The results of several retrospective studies have also indicated potential benefit to improve survival of patients with GBM. Moreover, the promising treatment results of a phase 2 trial of concurrent radiation therapy, temozolomide, and VPA for patients with GBM have been recently reported. The use of VPA in patients with GBM has thus recently receiving more attention. In this article, we review the role of VPA in radiation therapy for GBM, focusing on the clinical evidence.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.142-145
• /
• 2008

Lamotrigine is a newer anti-epileptic drug for adjunctive treatment of refractory epilepsy, partial seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and bipolar disorder. Lamotrigine overdose causes serious central nervous and cardiovascular problems, but reports are uncommon. Few lamotrigine overdoses have been described because anti-epileptic drug use is limited and usually used with combination of other anti-epileptic drugs. In addition, most patients visit emergency departments with multi-drug overdoses, so few cases of lamotrigine poisoning alone exist. We had a female patient visit our emergency department a couple of hours after a lamotrigine overdose treated with intravenous hydration and urine alkalization by NaHCO3. She recovered successfully without any evidence of renal injury. However, she developed profound rhabdomyolysis, a previously unreported complication of this medication. We suggest that serial creatine kinase levels should be measured after lamotrigine poisoning.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.521-528
• /
• 2019

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological diseases. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are widely used for monitoring and diagnosis tool for epileptic seizure. Typically, a huge amount of EEG signals is needed, where they are visually examined by experienced clinicians. In this study, we propose a simple automatic seizure detection framework using intracranial EEG signals. We suggest a sparse approximation based classification (SAC) scheme by solving overdetermined system. L1-norm minimization algorithms are utilized for efficient sparse signal recovery. For evaluation of the proposed scheme, the public EEG dataset obtained by five healthy subjects and five epileptic patients is utilized. The results show that the proposed fast L1-norm minimization based SAC methods achieve the 99.5% classification accuracy which is 1% improved result than the conventional L2 norm based method with negligibly increased execution time (42msec).

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2021

Psychogenic Non Epileptic Seizure (PNES) refers to a case in which symptoms are similar to epileptic seizures (ES), but ES do not appear in EEG and temporary abnormalities caused by physical diseases are also excluded. Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are most commonly used, but standard treatment for PNES has not been established and there is no alternative treatment available in the case of patients those treatments are not applied. We herein report a case of 46 year old male diagnosed with PNES who suffered from generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The patient underwent korean medical treatment by acupuncture and herbal medicine. The clinical symptom was evaluated by assessing occurrence frequency, number of seizures per 28 days. Compared to the period without korean medical treatment, the number of seizures decreased during the treatment period. The present case report suggested that korean medical treatment could be an effective option for those PNES patients complaining generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.41-61
• /
• 1979

Two interview surveys (1976 for 800 patients, 1978 for 200 patients) and an inventory survey through medical records(1978) for epileptic patients who have registered with the Korean Epilepsy Association (Rose Club) since 1971 were carried out by trained health workers in advance of survey. The data obtained from the analysis showed as follows: 1) 35.2% of patients were born in Seoul and 70. 6% of patients born elsewhere have lived in Seoul. 2) 50-60% of patients were 15-30 years cid. 3) 33.4%, 24,6 and 24.6 of all pupils and students went to elementary, junior and senior high schools respectively. 4) 21.2% of all pupils and students had dropped out of school and 51.4% of them were away from school because of epilepsy. 5) 3.1% of all patients had no job at all and students comprised 20.9% of patients followed by clerical work, commercial business and farming with about 6% in each group.6) Reasons given for unemployment such as dismissal (4.3%), quit (27.7%), hesitation to employ (42.5%)and discontinuance of job (25.5%) were basically due to epilepsy. 7) About half(46.2%) of all patients have become Christian since the Rose Club was a voluntary agency which has been sponsored by Christians. 8) 82. 6% of patients were diagnosed as having grand mal as the most. 9) 29.4% of patients explained aura with psychomotor disturbances and 13.8% with sensory disorders. 10) 46.3% of patients were attacked with seizures when they were tired and others(11.6% and 4.9%) after excessive eating and hunger. 11) Patients suffered more seizures in spring and summer rather than in autumn and winter and most patients had attacks 1-5 times a month. 12) For etiologic reasons of epilepsy, 35.5% of patients considered it was caused by psychological stress and 11.5% by trauma. Only 1.1% of patients considered it as having hereditary components. 13) 51% of patients were slow in caring for their own illnesses. They started to reat epilepsy after spending 5 years of time from the initial seizure. Only 5.4% of patients had received the modern anti-epileptic therapy right after the nitial seizure. 14) 62.1% of patients had no therapy or irregular or incomplete treatment before registration at the Rose Club Clinic. 15) Before registration at the Rose Club, 42.4% of patients received medical care. On the other hand, 25.6% went to herb doctors and 12.5% used to go to the drugstore in order to get anti-epileptic drugs. 16) 41. 6% of patients who took anti-epileptic drugs had more or less side-effects. Indigestion was the most common. 17) For continuation of treatment, 30.3% have received treatment for more than 5 years and the evident showed that epilepsy took a longer time to be cured. 18) Regarding the medical care received 44.2% of patients were very satisfied with effective care and 26.5% felt as good. 19) For attitudes toward epilepsy. 27.0% of patients and 68.2% of patients family were pessimistic. 20) 65.9% of patients had optimistic attitudes toward effectiveness of medical care of epilepsy. 21) 64.8% of wives and husbands had better understanding and cooperative for their spouses who had epilepsy. 22) 33.3% of patients were under-treated at the place of work. 23) 70.2% of patients wished to marry when they reach childbearing age and 63% wished to have children. Through the above results it is recommended for nation-wide epilepsy control that the sound and correct health education not only from health aspect but also from welfare aspect should be planned and implemented as soon as possible.