• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.223-226
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• 2001

In South Korea, the north border area has been under vivax malaria epidemic since 1993. However, Jeollabuk-do, which is about 300 kms from the border, has not experienced the same epidemic. 1 investigated a total of 58 notified cases of malaria in Jeollabuk-do in the year 2000. All of the cases had an exposure history in the epidemic area. Among them were 49 ex-soldiers, 3 soldiers who served near the border area and 6 civilians who traveled there. The causal agent of all cases was Plasmodium vivax. Except the civilians, the soldiers and ex-soldiers were aged in their twenty's. In the present study, the incubation period was from 6 to 520 days with a median of 157 days, and the latent onset type (92%) was more prevalent than the early onset type. illness onset of most cases (86%) peaked during the summer season (June to September) despite of variable incubation periods. The time lag for diagnosis ranged from 2 to 42 days with a median of 11 days. Jeollabuk-do has not been an area of epidemic untill now, but incidences have been increasing annually since 1996. In Jeollabuk-do, early diagnosis and treatment can be a feasible disease control measure to prevent spreading from the epidemic area.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2001

Objectives : During March-May, 2000, a measles outbreak occurred at Youngduk, Korea. This county is divided into two areas with different historical and socioeconomic background. The outbreak occurred in one of these areas. We conducted a comparative epidemiologic study on the two areas in order to evaluate the factors related to the epidemic. Materials and Methods : We selected two groups, grades 3 and 5 in a primary schools in each area. We investigated outbreak-related factors using parent-questionnaires, the vaccination history from the student's health record and the records concerning the recent measles-outbreak from the local health center. Serologic test on measles-IgG and -IgM antibody was done. Results : The infection rate was 31.5% for the epidemic area and 3.7% for non-the epidemic area according to clinical or serological criteria (p<0.001). No difference was seen in the measles vaccination rate, residence at the time of vaccination or past measles infection history between the two areas. In the epidemic area, the attack rate for the 4-6 year-old MMR booster group(20.5%) was higher than the non-booster group(32.4%), but was not found significantly. Vaccine efficacy was 29.6% in the epidemic area and 87.0% in the non-epidemic area (p<0.001). The IgG level and positive rate were significantly different between the two areas (median 10727 IU/ml, 98.9% in epidemic area; median 346 IU/ml, 85.9% in the non-epidemic area, p<0.001). However, the IgG level and positive rate between the measles-cases and non-cases were not significantly different. Conclusions : This outbreak took place in mostly vaccinated children. These results suggest that a reduction of herd immunity for immunity failure after vaccination may be one of the feasible factors related to the outbreak pattern in the two areas. The results of the IgG level and positive rate suggest that re-establishment of a normal value for IgG level and of a qualitative method for IgG are needed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.411-423
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• 1994

The survey methods for confirming the epidemicity and identifying the possible causes of the cancer epidemic can be different from those for infectious diseases. The procedure for confirming whether the outbreak is epidemic or not is quite different. Household survey for identifying cancer cases and residents actually living at the area should be done. Hospital survey for medical record review should be performed to identify all cancer cases among the residents of the outbreak area and confirmig the final diagnoses of the cancer cases. Comparing the level of cancer incidence or mortality with other areas can be done by using Poisson distribution, or calculating SIR (Standard Incidence Ratio) from cumulative incidence rates. Case-control study can be conducted to identify the etiologic, factors of the cancer epidemic and to establish strategy for preventing further recurrence of the outbreak.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1881-1886
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 기지국의 도움없이 인접한 기기 간에 직접 통신을 수행하는 D2D 단말에서 발생한 데이터를 인접한 D2D 단말로 릴레이하는 환경을 가정하였다. 이러한 환경에서 데이터를 수신한 전체 단말의 수를 최대화하기 위하여 모든 데이터 수신 단말들이 자신의 전송 범위 내의 인접 단말들에게 데이터를 릴레이하는 Epidemic 라우팅을 고려하였다. 또한, 다양한 네트워크 환경을 고려하여 특정 지역에 다양한 밀도로 단말이 밀집되어 분포하는 상황에 대한 MATLAB 시뮬레이션을 수행하고, 이를 기반으로 D2D SD의 전송 범위와 이 데이터를 릴레이 하는 다른 D2D 단말들의 전송 범위를 파라미터로 설정하여 Epidemic 라우팅의 데이터 확산 성능에 대한 비교 분석을 수행하였다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.78-82
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• 1994

Unusually severe rice blast epidemic sweeped over the rice growing area in Gyeongnam Province and elsewhere in 1993. Leaf blast infection was reached to 33,133 ha, which is about 24.5% of total paddy area and neck blast infection was apparent throughout 4,421 ha. Major factors affecting such an unusual epidemic appeared to be as follow: Firstly, low temperature, frequent rainfall and coincidentally insufficient duration of sunshine through July and August; Secondly, most cultivars possessing low levels of field resistance were cultivated in wide areas: Thirdly, blast fungus population was enough for successive infection under optimum weather condition and most races distributed in field were able to infect most cultivars.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.803-811
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• 2012

Oriental Medicine always attach great importance to the damp diseases. Dampness is related with many organs and many clinical diseases. The cause and the location of the damp disease, nature of the symptoms, combination with other pathogenic factors are very diverse. This article analyzed the concept, cause of disease, pathogenesis, characteristic of symptoms, treatment method and prescriptions of Epidemic Warm Diseases of dampness syndrome and cases of dampness-heat diseases based on the theories of Epidemic Warm Diseases and found that theories of Epidemic Warm Diseases have very wide area of application. Dampness is classified into cold-dampness and dampness-heat by combination of heat or cold. The dampness syndrome is related with organs such as lung, spleen, kidney, triple energizers and bladder, and affects liver and heart. The basic treatment methods are dispelling dampness turbidity and diffusing qi movement. The detail treatment methods are spreading lung qi with lightness and resolving dampness and excreting turbidity in upper energizer, opening and dipping down with pungent-bitter and diffusing qi movement and strengthening the spleen and stomach in the middle energizer, draining dampness with bland in the lower energizer. Warming Yang is the main method of treatment for cold-dampness and clearing heat is for dampness-heat with the assistant methods such as resolving dampness and promoting the flow of qi. 5. Acute fever, virus diseases, epidemic diseases among modern diseases are much related with the dampness-heat syndrome.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.205-212
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• 1990

Data used for this analysis were 281 outbreaks of food poisoning, excluding single cases, reported during 1981-1989. Patient size of 10 persons or less occupied 38.0% of the out breaks. The most frequently isolated bacterial pathogen was Vibrio, 35.4% ; followed by Salmonella, 27.2% ; Staphylococcus , 17.7% ; Escherichia coli , 17.7%. Plant toxin occupied 64% of poisonous substances. Sixty-six percent of food poisoning reported in urban area resulted from meals consumed in food consumed at home. Raw and under-cooked seafoods were the major cousative foods in food service establishments. Pork which frequently serviced at home ceremonies wes the major causative food in rural area. Mushroom poisoning generally occurred during regular meals at home.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

Highly pathogenic avian influenza could not be identified visually. It takes time to identify the symptoms by its incubation period. Without taking a quick step, the diffusion area of HPAI has dramatically increased, the extent of damage becomes bigger. In network research, the algorithm of finding the central node on the network applied to various diffusion of epidemic problems, was used in control system of tracing the diffusion path, blocking central nodes. This study tried to make the diffusion of HPAI network model for the crowded farms area, and reduce the diffusion rate to control the high-risk farms.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.403-415
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• 1974

The author has investigated epidemiological features of human cases of epidemic encephalitis (E. E.) in the Republic of Korea and the status of antibody requisition in pre-and post-epidemic time. And virological and serological studies with regarding the relationship of E. E. infection between human and piglet, and field survey against its vector by means of virus isolation from mosquitoes were carried out. Finally, vaccine field trial against human population has also been evaluated in order to confirm its effectiveness. The results of the studies are summarized as follows : 1. The annual incidence of reported cases during the past 25 years (1949-1973) in the Republic of Korea has shown two patterns, one was typical cyclic incidence and the other one was irregular. Annual average morbidity and mortality rate per 100,000 population were 5.7 and 2.1 and fatality rate was 34.6% in typical cyclic years. 2. With regard to the geographical distribution of E. E., the province of Jeolla-Bug-Do illustrated the highest incidence regardless of the epidemic size. 3. The main epidemic period was between mid-August and mid-September (above 90% of the total number of cases). The first case was reported in middle of July and the epidemic ceased in late of October. 4. An analysis of the age distribution of cases of E. E., has shown that above 90% of the total cases occurred in the age groups under 14 years and it was noted that about its 54% were occurred in the age groups between 5-9 years group. 5. Through the Haemagglutination Inhibition (H-I) test for the laboratory diagnosis of E. E., it was found that higher H-I antibody titer was usually detected in the convalescent phase, 15 days after onset. 6. The H-I antibody survey against 563 healthy population by age groups during the pre-epidemic season showed that 422(75%) were less than H-I titer, 1:20 and 122(21.7%) were positive H-I titer, 1:20. Among the 94 American in Seoul who had not been in E. E. endemic area previously only one person had appeared sero-conversion as a H-I titer of 1:80 after post-epidemic season. 7. The E. E. virus could be isolated from the mosquitos pools-C, tritaeniorhyncus which were caught between late July and middle August. 8. E.E. Virus was also isolated from piglet blood on early August and H-I antibody conversion was occurred mostly on middle of August. 9. H-I antibody sero-conversion rate reached to high level when vaccine purified by mouse brain tissue inoculated, showing 98.9%. Higher antibody titer was acquired when booster inoculation was performed, Four fold rise of H-I add N-T antibodies was confirmed with 93.2% and 82.1% respectively.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.73-85
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• 1971

A epidemiological study was conducted by author on 925 official reported patients with the first grade legal communicable disease during the period from January 1969 to December 1970 in all area of Kangwon province. As the results of this study, tile following conclusion were obtained. A) Typhoid fever 1. Of all 925 patients surveyed, typhoid fever showed the highest rate as 50.7 percent. 2. Age group from 10 to 14 years old showed the highest rates 3. High epidemic period was from June to September. 4. As for the occupational distribution, unemployed showed the highest rate as 63.2 percent, followed by-21.1 percent in farmer and 9.4 percent in student. 5. Most of all patients(93.7%) were isolated in their own house 6. The morbidity rate was 16.0 per 100, 000 population and case fatality rate was 1.76 percent 7. The mean of the duration from onset to diagnosis and carnation were 11.7$\pm$7.1 days and 25.1$\pm$13, 8 days respectively. 8. Main diagnostic method was almost the clinical examination B) Dysentery 1, Of all 925 patients surveyed, dysentery showed 44.4 percent 2. Age group from 0 to 9 years old showed the highest rate 3. High epidemic period of this disease was from April to August 4. As for the occupational distribution, unemployed showed the highest rate as 73.9 percent, followed by 17.7 person in farmers and 7.0 percent in student 5. the attack rate of agricultural area was higher than of fishing area 6. The mean of the duration from onset to diagnosis and crating duration were 10.4$\pm$4.3 days and 15.7$\pm$8.8 days respectively. 7. The morbidity rate and case fatality rate were 21.8 per 100.000 population and 1.46 percent, respectively. 8. Most of all patients were isolated in own house 9. Most of all patients (97.6%) were diagnosed by the clinical examination C) Diphtheria 1. As for the age distribution, 0-4 years old group showed the highest rate as 44.4 percent followed by 27.7 percent in 5-9 years old group and 22.2 percent in 10-14 years old group 3. Epidemic season was almost in autumn, winter and spring 3. The morbidity rate was 0.96 per 100.000 population and case fatality rate was high as 26.6 percent 4. 66.6 percent of this disease was isolated in their own house and the others were admitted in hospital D) Paratyphoid fever 1. Most of all patients were attacked below 20 years old 2. Epidemic season was almost was almost in late summer 3. The morbidity rate was 0.53 per 100.000 population 4. The mean of the duration from onset to diagnosis and crating duration were 18.3$\pm$1.3 day and 13.7$\pm$0.2 day. respectively.