• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.656-666
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• 2014

In delay tolerant networks (DTNs), delay is inevitable; thus, making better use of buffer space to maximize the packet delivery rate is more important than delay reduction. In DTNs, epidemic routing is a well-known routing protocol. However, epidemic routing is very sensitive to buffer size. Once the buffer size in nodes is insufficient, the performance of epidemic routing will be drastically reduced. In this paper, we propose a buffer scheme to optimize the performance of epidemic routing on the basis of the Lagrangian and dual problem models. By using the proposed optimal buffer scheme, the packet delivery rate in epidemic routing is considerably improved. Our simulation results show that epidemic routing with the proposed optimal buffer scheme outperforms the original epidemic routing in terms of packet delivery rate and average end-to-end delay. It is worth noting that the improved epidemic routing needs much less buffer size compared to that of the original epidemic routing for ensuring the same packet delivery rate. In particular, even though the buffer size is very small (e.g., 50), the packet delivery rate in epidemic routing with the proposed optimal buffer scheme is still 95.8%, which can satisfy general communication demand.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.48-69
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• 2013

Objectives There are constant increase numbers of cases mumps in children. The purpose of this study is to analyze traditional Chinese medicine treatments of epidemic mumps in children through traditional Chinese medical journal research. Methods 20 studies were selected based on title keyword "Epidemic mumps" "Child" published in CAJ(China Academic Journal). Study researched about clinical effect, herbs, attachment, moxa, venesection treatments in epidemic mumps in children Results & Conclusions There are so many treatments about epidemic mumps in children through analyzing studies in CAJ. Single and combination traditional Chinese medicine treatment is more effective in epidemic mumps in children. Therefore, we need to study more about epidemic mumps in children and should make more clinical case about it.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2022

Objectives: In the epidemiology of communicable diseases, the term epidemic period, also referred to as "wave" is often used in the general and academic milieu. A wave refers to a natural pattern of increase in the number of sick individuals, a defined peak, and then a decline in the number of cases. It implies a pattern of peaks and valleys after a particular peak is taken. The idea of epidemic waves is a useful tool for predicting the course as well as helping to accurately describe an epidemic. However, in many domestic and foreign news as well as in various research results in Korea, most of the reports either had no standard, were inaccurate, had a questionable classification of the period of the epidemic, or the basis for classification of a given wave was not presented. Methods: The author reviewed and organized related literature with epidemic wave. The author made several suggestions of an epidemic wave as follows. Results: To start with, it should be based on the number of incident cases in consideration of the size of the outbreak, then the period from the bottom to the peak and then reaching the next bottom; also, the period over a certain scale based on the number of incident cases; and the period according to the change in the major infection type (mutation-dominant species). In addition, according to the period of change in the vaccination rate (formation of herd immunity), as well as the content and duration of the intervention, that is, classification according to the applied quarantine stage. Furthermore, the classification of epidemic periods by the time-dependent reproduction number or time-varying reproduction number (Rt), and lastly the application of mathematical methodology. Conclusions: Therefore, classifying the epidemic period into generally known and accepted time frames is considered to be a very important task for future research analysis and development of intervention strategies.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.133-149
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• 2003

Local stability of steady states of an epidemic model is considered. An age structured S-I-R epidemic model with separable inter-cohort force of infection with external force is considered. Stability result for the nontrivial steady states is obtained.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.69-91
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• 2023

Objectives : This study investigates the association between disease behind the Beijing Epidemic of 1232 and fever causing internal damages as mentioned in the Neiwaishang Bianhuolun. Methods : In order to narrow the fever causing diseases in the Neiwaishang Bianhuolun, the retrospective diagnostic method was used in analysis. Disease behind the 1232 Beijing Epidemic and the fever causing internal damages were categorized. Results : Fever causing diseases in the Neiwaishang Bianhuolun could be categorized as infectious disease, inflammatory disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and fever of unknown origin. The Beijing Epidemic was limited in scale with high fatality, of which possible diseases include infectious disease and inflammatory disease with epidemic medium. Fever from internal damage has a mild prognosis, is non-epidemic, and lacks accompanying symptoms such as acute stomachache, even when it happens with external damage. This narrows the possible diseases to IBS and fever of unknown origin. Conclusions : Among internal damage fever cases treated by Li Dongyuan, there were infectious diseases from the 1232 epidemic and inflammatory diseases with mild prognosis.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1987

During 31 days (5 week) from December 9th 1985 to January 8th 1986, Influenza B epidemic were observed in Seoul city. Epidemic peak was shown at 52nd week in 1985. The Epidemic associated viruses were determined as B/yamanish/510/84 and B/Ann Arbor/1/86-like strain. From total of 124 specimens of influenza-like illness children virus isolation rate were average 4.0%, much lower than that of influenza A virus isolation experience. In the epidemic influenza B infection were predominantly involved in school age children.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2014

Epidemic models are used to analyze the spreading of epidemic diseases, estimate public health needs, and assess the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. Modeling scope of an epidemic model ranges from the regional scale to national and global scale. Most of the epidemic models developed in Korea are at the national scale using the equation-based model. While these models are useful for designing and evaluating national public health policies, they do not provide sufficient details. As an alternative, individual-based models at the regional scale are often used to describe disease spreading, so that various mitigation strategies can be designed and tested. This paper presents an individual-based epidemic spreading model at regional scale. This model incorporates 2005 census data to build the synthetic population in the model representing Daejeon in 2005. The model's capability is demonstrated by an example where we assess the effectiveness of several mitigation strategies using the model.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.33-61
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• 2003

This paper was written in order to study the correlation of Taeumin's symptomatic phamacology to Chinese Febrile medicine. Through the symptoms and Clinical cases, treatments of the epidemic febrile disease in ${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Suse $Bowon\{lrcorner}$ , the symptomatic phamacology for Taeumin was compared with chinese febrile medicine. The following conclusions were reached as a result of comparing the epidemic febrile disease in Taeumin with Chinese febrile medicine. 1. The concept of the epidemic febrile disease in Chinese febrile medicine is wider than that of the epidemic febrile disease in ${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Suse $Bowon\{lrcorner}$ 2. The cause of the epidemic febrile disease in Chinese febrile medicine is fevershiness almost, but the So-byung(An Natural-Ordinary Disease) of Taeumin in ${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Suse $Bowon\{lrcorner}$ is the basic method to diagnose the symptom of the epidemic febrile disease. 3. The So-byung of Taeumin in ${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Suse $Bowon\{lrcorner}$ is divided into feverish symptom and cold symptom according to the so-byung. 4. In ${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Suse $Bowon\{lrcorner}$, The method of a curative means is based on differing dimensions of the Visera and bowels, but Chinese Febrile Medicine has a equal curative means irrelevant to a patient's character.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.29-47
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• 2006

Because the size of population was directly related to the power of the nation in the Chosun Dynasty, various efforts were exerted to maintain the size stable and the keys to the efforts were a high birth rate and a low death rate. However, in addition to wars, epidemic diseases had an enormous effect on the death rate. Particularly during the mid Chosun Dynasty, epidemic diseases were more prevalent than ever due to the abnormal climate called the little ice age. To cope with them, the government executed several medical relief policies and published medical books. In Chinese epidemiology, infectious diseases mean sicknesses caused by hot weather, but in Korean epidemiology, they indicate large-scale infectious sicknesses caused by both hot and cold weather. Therefore, as treatment methods for diseases from the cold were not applicable to the pathology of epidemic diseases, China developed separate epidemiology. In Korea, however, the main concern was how to prevent epidemic diseases, whether from hot or cold weather, that drove many lives into death. The characteristics of Korean epidemiology are as follows. First, whenever epidemic diseases were prevalent, in order to cope with them, translated medical books were promptly published including Ganibyeokonbang, Bunmunonyeokihaebang, Sinchanbyeokonbang, Byeokyeoksinbang and Byeokonsinbang. Second, those books were annotated in Korean so that people could read easily and accurately. Third, as an extension of the Hyangyak movement from the late Koryo Dynasty, Danbang was used a lot to treat and prevent epidemic diseases with less financial burden, and things obtainable easily according to individuals' situation were mentioned for anybody to overcome the emergent situation of epidemic diseases. Fourth, methods for praying to God were suggested for practitioners to work with sincere spirit and to keep themselves from epidemic diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.247-253
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• 1998

영과잉-포아송모형에서 변화시점이 있는 경우, 돌출대립가설에 대한 우도비검정을 이용하여 변화시점의 유 무를 알아보았다. 변화시점에 대한 추정은 최소제곱법을 이용하였고 이를 최우추정법을 이용하기 위한 초기치로 활용하였다. 또한 대립가설에 대한 몇가지 흥미있는 모수들을 적률법을 이용하여 추정하였다. 모의실험을 통하여 이들 추정 량을 비교하였고 결과 변화시점에 대한 추정은 최소제곱법보다는 최우추정법이 바람직하게 나타났고 흥미있는 몇가지 모수들에 대해서는 최우추정량이 적률추정량보다 우수하게 나타났다.