• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.539-547
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Semisulcospira libertina extract on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine in rats. After the administration of S. libertina extract, the local fat degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells in liver tissues were significantly decreased and peripheral hemorrhages around portal triads and central necrosis around central veins were found to be protective. The elevated levels of plasma ALT, AST, and LDH, the ALP activation lipid peroxidation, and the lipid contents of a damaged liver were recovered in experimental rats administrated with S. libertina extract, suggesting its role in blood enzyme activation and lipid content restoration within damaged rat liver tissues. Moreover, the expression rate of TNF-α, which accelerates inflammation and induces tissue damage and necrosis, was significantly decreased. In addition, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were more effectively upregulated compared to those of the control group induced hepatotoxicity. All data showed that S. libertina extract has a preventive role against liver damages, such as inflammation and tissue necrosis, as instigated with D-galactosamine by improving the activities of blood enzymes and antioxidant enzymes and modulating the expression of inflammation factor, suggest S. libertina extract is an effective medicinal resource for the restoration of hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2008

We investigated the changes in growth, digestive enzymes activities, nucleic acids contents and RNA/DNA ratio of flounder Paralichthys olivaceus larvae (C for Paracyclopina nana, A for Artemia, and M for Mix of C and A) for 14 to 28 DAH. Body length of flounder larvae showed the best in the C trial at 28 DAH. The change of nucleic acids contents showed faster in C and M trials than A trial. And RNA/DNA ratio showed the significantly faster changes in C trial than A trial. High metamorphosis rates were also observed in C and M trial. $\alpha$-amylase activities increased gradually up to 28 DAH in all trials. Total alkaline protease (TAP) activities of A trial showed the highest value to 9 mU/larvae at 26 DAH. But others trials showed lower to $5{\sim}6$ mU/larva than A trial. TAP:$\alpha$-amylase activity ratio did not significantly changed to $0.025{\sim}0.053$ in A trial during the experiments. But, C and M trials tended to gradually decrease from $0.078{\sim}0.083$ (initial) to $0.013{\sim}0.018$ (final). Therefore, it shown the ratio gradually decreased of TAP:$\alpha$-amylase activity, stability of TAP activity, and rapid change of nucleic acids in trials grown positively. Thus, because P. nana could continuously supply the optimal nutrients for flounder larvae, we suggested the supplement of the copepod to an efficient feed of the flounder larvae.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.551-560
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• 2015

Here we report the protective activity of cultured Acer tegmentosum cell extract against liver damage in rat intentionally instigated by D-galactosamine. Local fat degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly decreased in cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract administered rat. In addition, acutely increased AST, ALT, LDH, ALP activities and lipid peroxidation and lipid content by liver damage were recovered in experimental rat administrated with A. tegmentosum extract. These results showed that cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract has a role in blood enzyme activation and lipid content restoration within damaged rat liver tissues. Moreover expression rate of TNF-α which accelerates inflammation and induces tissue damage and necrosis was significantly decreased. Also activities of antioxidant enzymes were more effectively upregulated comparing to those of the control group induced hepatotoxicity. All data that cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract has a preventive role against liver damages such as inflammation, tissue necrosis in rats by improving activities of blood enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and modulating expression of inflammation factor, suggest that cultured Acer tegmentosum cell extract is an effective medicinal resource for restoration of hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1022-1030
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• 2007

For the improvement on the quality and functionality of red tanner crab cooking drip, the preparation of hydrolysates from red crab cooking drip using commercial enzymes (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase and Protamex) was attempted and its taste, nutritional and functional characteristics were also investigated. According to the results of heavy metal contents and proximate composition, red tanner crab cooking drip (RTCCD) could be used as a food resource. From the results of the trichloroacetic acid soluble index (TSI), angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting activity and antioxidative activity, RTCCD hydrolysates incubated with Alcalase for 2 hrs was superior to the other one-step hydrolysates. There were no differences in the ACE inhibiting activity and antioxidative activity between one-step hydrolysates, which was incubated with Alcalase for 2 hrs, and two-step hydrolysates sequentially incubated with Alcalase and other enzymes. Alcalase-treated hydrolysates was similar in proximate composition and Hunter color value, while high in free amino acid content compared with crab cooking drip. Total amino acid content of Alcalase-treated hydrolysates was 11.9 g/100 mL and the major amino acids were glutamic acid (10.2%), proline (10.1%) and glycine (10.7%).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.596-602
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of major components and bioactivities of tea produce. The tea produce were made by various methods, with different degree of fermentation during manufacturing process. Except green tea, degrees of fermentation in Wizo Tea, Ilsoae Tea, and Hwang Tea were $5{\sim}10%,\;50{\sim}60%$ and $70{\sim}80%$ respectively. The result are as follows : The general component(moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, and crude protein) and the content of total polyphenol in tea products were not shown significant difference during the fermentation process. The content of caffeine in tea extracts decreased sharply as degree of fermentation of tea. In comparison of hunter values in tea extract, lightness was decreased as fermentation redness (a) was all (-), and yellowness(b) was increased sharpy with degree of fermentation. Radical scavenging activity using DPPH of tow kinds of tea was potent and decreased generally with degree of feimentation. Inhibitory effects of tea extracts against angiotensin I converting enzyme were also potent.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2013

Staphylococcus aureus is the most important pathogen in nosocomial infections, including bloodstream infections. Prompt identification of S. aureus from blood cultures and detection of methicillin resistance are essential in cases of suspected sepsis. We have studied a new method for the sequence-specific visual detection of minute amounts of nucleic acids using intercalating reaction by addition of SYBR Green to amplicons of LAMP, and it's a unique gene amplification method in which DNA can be isothermally amplified using only one enzyme. Staphylococcus-LAMP, which targets the spa gene, encoding S.aureus-specific protein A, and the mecA gene, encoding penicillin-binding protein-2' for methicillin resistance, detected MRSA and MRSE. In this study, by using LAMP assay, I detected for Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis concentration in the clinical sample. The detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was tested by using serial 10-fold dilutions standard solution. I have accurate detected the limit of detection, sensitity, specificity and reproducibility of the assay. The Bio-chip based LAMP assay allowed easy, rapid, accurate and sensitive detection of infection with Staphylococcus and especially applicable in a resource-limited situation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

We investigated the functional properties and in vitro bioactivity of protein isolates (RPIs) recovered from olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus roes by isoelectric solubilization/precipitation process, according to pH-shift treatments. The buffer capacity of RPIs was shown to be stronger in alkaline pH than in acidic pH. Water holding capacity of RPIs was in range of 4.5-5.2 g/g protein with no significant differences (P>0.05). The foaming capacity and emulsifying activity index of RPIs did not show any significant differences between RPI-1 (pH 11/4.5) and 3 (pH 12/4.5), however they were superior to RPI-2 (pH 11/5.5) and 4 (pH 12/5.5). The 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activity of RPI-3 (2.5 mg protein/mL) was 102.4 ㎍/mL, and the angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory activity was 30.8%. Among the RPIs, RPI-3 was relatively superior in protein functional properties such as buffer capacity, foaming capacity, emulsification, and anti-oxidative activity. Therefore, we suggest that RPI prepared from olive flounder roes could serve as a potential food resource.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.16-16
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• 2015

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mushrooms play a major role in plant growth promotion through symbiotic association with roots of forest trees. They also provide an economically important food resource to us and therefore they have been studied for their artificial cultivation for decades in Korea. We have secured bio-resources of ECM mushrooms from Korean forests and performed their physiological studies. To investigate the cultural characteristics, the fungi were cultured under different conditions (medium, temperature, pH of the medium, inorganic nitrogen source). More than 90% of total 160 strains grew on three solid media (potato dextrose agar, PDA; sabouraud dextrose agar, SDA; modified Melin-Norkrans medium, MMN). The rate of mycelial growth on malt extract agar (MEA) was lower than those of three media (PDA, SDA, MMN). None of the Tricholomataceae strains grew on MEA. Many strains of ECM mushrooms were able to grow at the temperature range of $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ on PDA, while they showed poor growth at $10^{\circ}C$ or $30^{\circ}C$. In particular, the growth rates of both Gomphaceae and Tricholomataceae were significantly lower at $10^{\circ}C$ than at $30^{\circ}C$. The optimal pH of many strains was pH 5.0 when they cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB). Fifty-seven percent of tested strains grew well on medium containing ammonium source than nitrate source. Many strains of Tricholomataceae showed a notable growth on ammonium medium than nitrate medium. Twenty-three percent of strains preferred nitrate source than ammonium source for their mycelial growth. The production and activity of two enzymes (cellulase and laccase) by ECM fungi were also assayed on the enzyme screening media containing CMC or ABTS. Each strains exhibited different levels of enzymatic activities as well as enzyme production. The number of laccase-producing strains was less than that of cellulase-producing strains. We found that 77% of tested strains produced both cellulase and laccase, whereas 2% of strains did not produce any enzymes. The morphological characteristics of mycelial colony were also examined on four different solid media. Yellow was a dominant color in mycelial colony and followed by white and brown on all culture media. ECM mushrooms formed mycelial colonies with a single or multiple colors within a culture medium depending on the strains and culture media. The most common shape of mycelial colony was a circular form on all media tested. Other families except for Amanitaceae formed an irregular colony on MMN than PDA. All strains of Tricholomataceae did not form a filamentous colony on all media. The pigmentation of culture media by mycelial colonies was observed in more than 50% of strains tested on both PDA and SDA. The degree of pigmentation on PDA or SDA was higher than MMN and brown color was dominant than yellow color. The production of exudates from mycelial colony was higher on PDA than MMN. Brown exudates were mainly produced by many strains on PDA or SDA, whereas transparent exudates were mainly produced by strains on MMN. We observed the mycelial colonies with a single or multiple textures in just one culture plate. Wrinkled or uneven colony surfaces were remarkably observed in many strains on PDA or SDA, while an even colony surface was observed in many strains on MMN. Sixty percent of Tricholomaceae strains formed wrinkled surface on PDA. However, they did not form any wrinkle on MMN plate. Cottony texture was observed in mycelia colonies of many strains. Velvety texture was often observed in the mycelial colonies on SDA than PDA and accounted for 60% of Suillaceae strains on SDA.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.146-154
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• 2011

In this study, physiological changes in a thermotolerant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377 cell exposed to 48-hour alcohol fermentation at $40^{\circ}C$ were investigated. After 12 hours of alcohol fermentation at $40^{\circ}C$, the $C_{16:1}$ unsaturated acid of plasma membrane increased to 1.5 times more than the $C_{16:0}$ saturated fatty acid, and to about 2 times more for the $C_{18:1}$ unsaturated fatty acid. Fermentation at both $30^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$ fermentation showed the same pattern as that done at $40^{\circ}C$. The pH of the alcohol-fermentation medium was reduced to pH 4.1 from a starting pH of 6.0 through the 12-hr fermentation and then maintained this level during the continuing fermentation. With the process of fermentation, the remaining glucose was reduced, but its amount remaining during the $40^{\circ}C$-fermentation was less reduced than those fermented at $30^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$. In the study investigating the changing pattern of cellular proteins in the alcohol-fermenting cells, the SDS-PAGE and 2-D data indicated the most expressed dot was phosphoglycerate kinase, which is one enzyme involved in glycolysis. Why this enzyme was most expressed in the cells exposed to unfavorable conditions such as high temperature, increasing concentration of produced alcohol and long time exposure to other stress factors remains unsolved.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.192-201
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• 2016

Recently, Psychrobacter sp. ArcL13 strain showing the extracellular lipase activity was isolated from the Chuckchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean. However, due to the low expression levels of the enzyme in the natural strain, the production of recombinant lipase is crucial for various applications. Identification of the gene for the enzyme is prerequisite for the production of the recombinant protein. Therefore, in the present study, a novel lipase gene (ArcL13-Lip) was isolated from Psychrobacter sp. ArcL13 strain by gene prospecting using PCR, and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. Sequence analysis showed that ArcL13-Lip has high amino acid sequence similarity to lipases from bacteria of some Psychrobacter genus (84-90%) despite low nucleotide sequence similarity. The lipase gene was cloned into the bacterial expression plasmid and expressed in E. coli. SDS-PAGE analysis of the cells showed that ArcL13-Lip was expressed as inclusion bodies with a molecular mass of about 35 kDa. Refolding was achieved by diluting the unfolded protein into refolding buffers containing various additives, and the highest refolding efficiency was seen in the glucose-containing buffer. Refolded ArcL13-Lip showed high hydrolytic activity toward p-nitrophenyl caprylate and p-nitrophenyl decanoate among different p-nitrophenyl esters. Recombinant ArcL13-Lip displayed maximal activity at $40^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.0 with p-nitrophenyl caprylate as a substrate. Activity assays performed at various temperatures showed that ArcL13-Lip is a cold-active lipase with about 40% and 73% of enzymatic activity at $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively, compared to its maximal activity at $40^{\circ}C$.