• Title/Summary/Keyword: enzyme products

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Advanced Lipid Extraction Method for the Determination of the Phospholipase D Activity

  • Yon, Chang-Suek;Lee, Min-Ho;Oh, Doo-Yi;Kim, Dal-Soo;Lee, Ki-Sung;Han, Joong-Soo
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.478-481
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    • 2003
  • Phospholipase D is a ubiquitous enzyme that plays an important role in various lipid mediated cellular signaling pathways and produces rare phospholipids, phosphatidylethanol or phosphatidylbutanol, instead of phosphatidic acid with unique catalytic activity transphosphatidylation in the presence of primary alcohols. The reaction products, phosphatidylethanol or phosphatidylbutanol are used as markers of in vitro phospholipase D activity in many studies. For the sensitive detection of the phospholipase D products, we developed an advanced lipid extraction method that facilitates recovery of the compounds. With the new method, the activity change of phosaholipase D by agonists could be detected more easily and the recovery rate was also increased. The increase of detected enzyme activity change was about double fold compared to the conventional lipid extraction method. This method provides selective force for the phospholipase D products in the extraction procedure.

Degradation of Raw Starch Granules by α-Amylase Purified from Culture of Aspergillus awamori KT-11

  • Matsubara, Takayoshi;Ammar, Youssef Ben;Anindyawati, Trisanti;Yamamoto, Satoru;Ito, Kazuo;Iizuka, Masaru;Minamiura, Noshi
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.422-428
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    • 2004
  • Raw-starch-digesting $\alpha$-amylase (Amyl III) was purified to an electrophoretically pure state from the extract of a koji culture of Aspergillus awamori KT-11 using wheat bran in the medium. The purified Amyl III digested not only soluble starch but also raw corn starch. The major products from the raw starch using Amyl III were maltotriose and maltose, although a small amount of glucose was produced. Amyl III acted on all raw starch granules that it has been tested on. However, it was considered that the action mode of the Amyl III on starch granules was different from that of glucoamylase judging from the observation of granules under a scanning electron microscope before and after enzyme reaction, and also from the reaction products. Glucoamylase (GA I) was also isolated and it was purified to an electrophoretically pure state from the extract. It was found that the electron micrographic features of the granules after treatment with the enzymes were quite different. A synergistic effect of Amyl III and GA I was observed for the digestion of raw starch granules.

Mode of action anf active site of xylanase II from Trichoderma koningii ATCC 26113 (Trichoderma koningii ATCC 26113에서 분리된 xylanase II의 작용양상과 활성부위)

  • Kim, Hyun-Ju;Kang, Sa-Ouk;Hah, Yung-Chil
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.306-314
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    • 1994
  • The action mode of xylanase II from Trichoderma koningii ATCC 26113 on xylan and related oligosaccharides (xylotriose, xylotetraose, and arabinoxylotriose) indicated that xylanase II is an endo-enzyme and also has trans-xylosidase activity. The $^1HNMR$-NMR studies of the reaction products formed by xylanase II revealed that all the hydrolysis products of xylooligosaccharides by the enzyme have only ${\beta}$-1,4-xylosidic linkage(s). Chemical modification of the enzyme with iodoacetamide showed that two cysteine residues per molecule of the enzyme was essential for the activity. Modification of the enzyme with N-bromosuccinimide demonstrated that four of the eight tryptophan residues were involved in its active site.

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Studies on the Processing of Krill Sauce (크릴간장 제조(製造)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Eung-Ho;Cho, Soon-Yeong;Cha, Yong-Jun;Park, Hyang-Suk;Kwon, Chil-Sung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.97-106
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    • 1984
  • The Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, is drawing attention over the world as the largest source of unutilized proteins in the ocean. For the use of krill as a human food, processing conditions of krill sauce by autolysis and/or commercial proteolytic enzyme digestion were examined. The krill was chopped and mixed with equal weight of water, and hydrolyzed by autolysis and/or commercial proteolytic enzyme digestion. The optimal conditions for hydrolysis of krill were $52.5^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0-7.5, 3 hours by autolysis, $52.5^{\circ}C$, pH 6.3, 3hours by bromelain (0.5 %) digestion, and $52.5^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0-7.5, 3 hours by commercial complex enzyme (5 %) digestion, respectively The maximum hydrolyzing rate of protein were 83.2 % by autolysis, 89.7 % by bromelain digestion, 92.7 % by commercial complex enzyme digestion. After krill meat hydrolyzed by autolysis at optimum condition, inactivated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes and filtered with Buchner funnel. Two kinds of products were prepared with krill hydrolysate and preservatives: one contained 10 % of sodium chloride and 0.06 % of benzoic acid and the other 10 % of sodium chloride and 3 % of ethyl alcohol. These products were filled in the sterilized glass bottle and sealed. The pH, volatile basic nitrogen, amino nitrogen, color value (L, a and b values) and viable counts of bacteria were determined during storage at $37^{\circ}C$. The results showed that the products could be preserved in good condition during one month at $37^{\circ}C$. As a method to reduce the sodium level in krill sauce, it is convinced that sodium chloride could be replaced half in partially by potassium chloride. In the products prepared from krill by autolysis, bromelain or commercial complex enzyme digestion, hypoxanthine and 5'-IMP were abundant among the nucleotides and their related compounds as 15.3-20.4 ${\mu}mole/g$, dry solid, 2.2-2.5 ${\mu}mole/g$, dry solid, respectively. The abundant free amino acids were lysine, leucine, proline, alanine and valine. The contents of these amino acids were 67.4 %, 69.4 %, 69.8 % of the total free amino acids of each products. And TMAO, betaine and total creatinine were low in contents. The flavor of krill sauce prepared from krill by autolysis or enzyme digestion was not inferior to that of traditional Kerean soy sauce by sensory evaluation.

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Partial purification and some properties of Guanosine Triphosphate Cyclohydrolase from Pseudomonas putida : GTP cyclohydrolase from pseudomonas (Pseudomonas putida에서 부분정제한 Guanosine Triphosphate Cyclohydrolase 의 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 김완기;임정빈
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.201-209
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    • 1982
  • An enzyme, named GTP cyclohydorlase, that catalizes the hydrolytic removal of carbon No.S of GTP has been partially purified from extracts of Pseudomonas putida (IAM 1506). The enzyme exists in two molecuar weight forms : a high molecular weight form (150,000) and a low molecular weight from (40,000). The high molecular weight form has been purified 25-fold. Some of the properties of the enzyme are as follows : It functions optimally at pH8.0, and at $52^{\circ}C$. The Km value for GTP is $20{\mu}M$. Divalent cations $(Cd^{2+}\;and\;Hg^{2+})$ 2+/) at a concentration of 5mM inhibit completely the enzyme activity. No metal ion including $Mg^{2+}$ is needed for the catalysis. The enzyme is heat labile ; its half at $57^{\circ}C$ is 1.5 min. Of a number of nucleotides tested, only GDP was used to any extent as substrbte in place of GTP. One of the products of the enzyme is determined to be a dihydro-neopterin compound.

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Characteristics of Commercial Celluloytic Enzymes (상업용 목질섬유소 분해 효소의 특성)

  • Kim, Young-Yuk;Kim, Chul-Hyun;Park, Soung-Bae;Eom, Tae-Jin
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2004
  • It is very difficult to compare directly the research results of enzymatic process in pulp and paper industry because commercial enzymes have diversity in its property. The chemical and biological properties of commercial enzymes were Investigated to help comparison of various commercial enzymes each other. In most case, the solid content of liquid enzymes was about 20%. The higher protein content in enzyme product does not mean the higher enzyme activity. Enzymes for paper process should selected by basis of enzyme activity, not by price of enzyme products. The chemical composition of fiber was not so much change with enzyme treatment. The enzymatic hydrolysis of fiber might negligible in paper process.

Isolation of Hepatic Drug Metabolism Inhibitors from the Seeds of Myristica fragrans

  • Shin, Kuk-Hyun;Kim, Ok-Nam;Woo, Won-Sick
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.240-243
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    • 1988
  • The hexane extract from Nutmeg, the seed of Myristica fragrans significantly inhibited hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. Through systematic fractionation by $SiO_2$ column and vacuum liquid chromatography monitoring by bioassay, three components, myristicin, (I), licarin-B (II) and dehydrodiisoeugenol (III) were isolated as active principles. Compounds II and III, with a single treatment (200mg/kg, i.p.) showed not only a significant prolongation of hexobarbital-induced sleeping time but also a significant inhibition of aminopyrine N-demethylase and hexobarbital hydroxylase activities in mice. Compounds I and II provoked a sleep episode at a subhypnotic dose of HB, suggesting that they possess CNS-depressant properties.

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The Effects of Irritating Spices on Drug Metabolizing Enzyme Activity -Effects on Hexobarbital Hypnosis in Mice- (자극성(刺戟性) 향신제(香辛劑)의 약물대사효소활성(藥物代謝酵素活性)에 미치는 영향(影響) -마우스의 Hexobarbital 수면시간(睡眠時間)에 미치는 영향(影響)-)

  • Woo, Won-Sick;Shin, Kuk-Hyun;Kim, In-Chull
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.115-119
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    • 1977
  • Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) among several irritating spices tested was highly effective on the duration of hexobarbital hypnosis in mice. Pretreatment of mice with the methanolic extract of black pepper (60mg/kg i.p.) prolonged markedly the duration of hexobarbital sleeping time. Three consecutive daily administrations of the same dose of black pepper extract, however, shortened (37%) the duration of hexobarbital sleeping time. The ether soluble fraction of black pepper extract caused most potent effects on the duration of hexobarbital hypnosis. From the above results, it was postulated that the lipid soluble components of black pepper might considerably change the drug action and metabolism by altering drug metabolizing enzyme systems.

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Screening of Plant Materials for the Inhibitory Activities Against Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (식물생약(植物生藥)의 안지오텐신변환효소(變換酵素) 억제작용(抑制作用) 검색(檢索))

  • YunChoi, Hye-Sook;Chung, Sung-Hyun;Han, Byung-Hoon
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.51-54
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    • 1981
  • Twenty-seven medicinal plants were selected on the basis of folkloric reputation for the treatment of hypertension or related deseases. Two solvent fractions were prepared from methanol extract of each plant and tested for their effects on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities. Six solvent fractions showed more than 50% inhibition and four showed $40{\sim}50%$ inhibition at the conditions tested.

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Enzyme Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities of Fruit and Stem of Opuntia ficus india var. saboten

  • Han, Yong-Nam;Jun, Jae-Suk;Choo, Yeun-Su
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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    • 1998.11a
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    • pp.187-187
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    • 1998
  • The objective was to verify biological activities of fruit and stem of prickly pear(Opuntia ficus indica L. var, saboten Makino). We have determined inhibitory activities on enzymes, such as dopamine ${\beta}$-hydroxylase(DBH), monoamme oxidase A and B(MAO-A, B), and antioxidant activity, in vitro. We purchased dried stem powder and lyophilized fruit powder of prickly pear from CheJu Island, and prepared the extracts with 80% of methanol. The fruit extract showed stronger inhibitory effects on MAO-A and -B and antioxidant activity compared. to the stem extract, on fractionation with hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Both the stem and the fruit extracts with ethyl acetate showed stronger enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities than other extracts. Now we are isolating active principles from both ethyl acetate extracts.

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