• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.439-445
• /
• 2010

Pretreatment with Taraxacum Mongolicum H(TMH) prior to the administration of on $CCl_4$ significantly prevented the increased serum enzymatic activity of aminotransferase(ALT, AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT) and bilirubin concentration in dose-dependent manner. In addition, pretreatment with TMH also significantly restored the elevation of hepatic malondialdehyde formation and the depletion of reduced glutathione content in the liver $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. The restoration of microsomal aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities indicated the improvement in functional status of endoplasmic reticulum. $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity was also essentially prevented, as indicated by a liver histopathologic study. TMH showed antioxidant effects in $FeCl_2$-ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate and in superoxide radical scavenging activity. Our results suggest that the protective effect of TMH against $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity possibly involve mechanisms related to its ability to block p450-mediated $CCl_4$ bioactivation and free radical scavenging effects.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.583-587
• /
• 1997

Incubation of an NADPH-dependent succinic semialdehyde reductase from bovine brain with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) resulted in a time-dependent loss of enzyme activity. The inactivation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with the second-order rate constant of $6.8\times{10}^3$ $M^-1$ $min^{-1}$. The inactivation was prevented by preincubation of the enzyme with substrate succinic semialdehyde, but not with coenzyme NADPH. There was a linear relation-ship between oxindole formation and the loss of enzyme activity. Spectro-photometric studies indicated that about one oxindole group per molecule of the enzyme was formed following complete loss of enzymatic activity. It is suggested that the catalytic function of succinic semialdehyde reductase is modulated by binding of NBS to a specific tryptophan residue at or near the substrate binding site of the enzyme.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
• /
• pp.216-223
• /
• 1998

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) represent the unique enzymatic system degrddinf cAMP and cGMP which play a major role in the regulation of cell physiology. To investigate a possible molecular mechanism of ginsenosides, their activities were evaluated on PDEs which are recently described is new therapeutic targets. PDEs are classified into 7 families according to their genes (PDEI to PDE7) and are differently distributed in tissues. The IC50 values of ginsenosides were determined on PDEI to PDE 5 chromatographically isolatetl from bovine aorta. The results show that total ginseng saponin extract preferentially inhibits PDE 1 and PDE4 at concentrations nearby 200 ug/ml. Protopanaxadiol (PPD) fraction acts preferentially on PDE4 with and IC50 value of 100 nlml and inhibits also PDEI and PDE5 at 14 to 2 fold higher concentrations, respectively. Protopanaxatriol (PPT) fraction preferentially inhibits PDE 1 with and IC50 value of 170 ug/ml. Compound Rgl, originated from PPT fraction, and RC3 (5) represent the most active compounds towards PDE 1 with IC50 values around 80 UM. However Rg3 (R), epimer of Rgl (5) has no effect on the various PDEs tested, excepted on PDE3 rich is sligthly sensitive Compound Rbl, originated from PPD, acts on both PDEI and PDE4. It if two fold less active than Rgl and Rg3 (5) on PDEI. Taken together, these results mainly suggest that PDEI and PDE4 inhibitions could be a molecular mechanism which would participate in ginsenoside mechanisms, especially the effect of PPD on blood vessel and on CNS.

• 한국육종학회지
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.349-359
• /
• 2011

Agriculture plays a vital role in the sustenance of human society and is the fundamental of developing economies. Nitrogen is one of the most critical inputs that define crop productivity. To ensure better value for investment as well as to minimize the adverse impacts of the accumulative nitrogen species in environment, improving nitrogen use efficiency of crop plants is of key importance. Efforts have been made to study the genetic and molecular biological basis as well as the biochemical mechanisms involved in nitrogen uptake, assimilation, translocation and remobilization in crops and model plants. This review gives an overview of metabolic, enzymatic, genetic and biotechnological aspects of nitrogen uptake, assimilation, remobilization and regulation. This review presents the complexity of nitrogen use efficiency and the need for an integrated approach combining physiology, quantitative trait genetics, system biology, soil science, ecophysiology and biotechnological interventions to improve nitrogen use efficiency.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 2022

In this study, extracts of Boswellia serrata gum resin, Curcuma longa rhizome, and Terminalia chebula fruit were combined in different ratios, and their anti-osteoarthritis effects were compared to determine which combination had the best synergistic effect. B. serrata, C. longa, and T. chebula extracts in a 2:1:2 ratio exhibited higher antioxidative activity in scavenging DPPH radicals than did the individual extracts alone or the other extract combinations. Additionally, the 2:1:2 combination significantly improved the levels of enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidant-related proteins. Moreover, this same combination ratio decreased the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3 and MMP13 in interleukin-1β-stimulated human articular chondrocytes (HCHs) and increased those of aggrecan and collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1). Analysis of the underlying mechanisms revealed that the 2:1:2 combination significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Therefore, the 2:1:2 combination of these three plant extracts has the best potential for use as an effective dietary supplement for improving joint health compared with the individual extracts and their other combination ratios.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.403-411
• /
• 2021

This study was designed to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of cirsilineol in hydrochloric acid (HCl)/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Cirsilineol was administered at the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg in HCl/ethanol-induced rats. The gastroprotective ability was verified by determining the ulcer score, total acidity, hemoglobin, inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxides, and enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in gastric tissue and serum biochemical analysis. The results showed a favorable increase in the hemoglobin level, antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), restored electrochemical balance (carbon dioxide & anion gap) while a noticeable decrease in ulcer index, total acidity, lipid peroxides, inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in rats treated with the cirsilineol. The serum biochemical analysis on liver markers (alkaline phosphatases, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase), kidney markers (urea, creatinine, albumin, globulin, total protein), and lipid profile (triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol) were attenuated by cirsilineol treatment in rats. Histopathology showed enhanced gastric protection and preserved the integrity of gastric mucosa upon cirsilineol administration. These results ultimately suggest that cirsilineol has gastroprotective effects that prevent the development of gastric ulcer.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.349-360
• /
• 2023

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Weight 23.05 ± 6.98 g, Length 12.65 ± 1.38 cm) were exposed to waterborne nitrite at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg NO₂ ^-/L for 96 hours. The lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) of C. carpio exposed to waterborne nitrite was 398.6 mg NO₂ ^-/L. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and RBC count were significantly decreased by waterborne nitrite exposure. The MCV (mean mean corpuscular volume) (µl), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) (pg) and MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) (%) were significantly increased. The inorganic component, plasma calcium, was significantly increased, and the organic components such as plasma cholesterol and total protein were significantly increased showing a similar tendency with calcium. In enzymatic components, the AST and ALT were also significantly increased by nitrite exposure. The results of this study indicate that exposure to nitrite can affect the survival and hematological physiology of C. carpio.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.125-133
• /
• 1983

Red cell glycolytic intermediates, metabolites and metabolic ratios were studied. Glycolytic intermediates were measured in neutralized perchloric acid extracts of red cell suspensions after 3 hr incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ in the presence and absence of saponin. Adenosine triphosphate(ATP), adenosine diphosphate(ADP), pyruvate and lactate were measured by enzymatic procedures involving stoichiometric oxidation or reduction of a pyridine nucleotide. Glucose was determined using glucose oxidase after zinc hydroxide extraction. The redox state was calculated from the lactate dehydrogenase equilibrium. Adenosine triphosphatase activity(ATPase) was measured by determining the amount of phosphate released from ATP by washed erythrocyte membranes(ghost) during 20 min. incubation. Both total hydrolysis and the amount of hydrolysis that occured in the presence of ouabain were measured. The second measurement yields Mg-ATPase and represents nonspecific ATPase activity of the membranes. The difference between total and Mg-ATPase activity can be attributed to Na-K-ATPase. For the measurement of sodium fluxes, human erythrocytes were preincubated in $^{22}Na$ for 3 hr at $37^{\circ}C$, washed and suspended in a tracer-free medium. The amount of $^{22}Na$ transported out of cells at any time was determined by analysis of supernatant samples taken at various time after addition of the labeled cells to isotope-free medium. The cells and medium were separated and the radioactivity appearing in the medium was measured. From the total radioactivity in the suspension and the radioactivity appearing in the medium at known time, the rate constant for sodium release was computed. The results are summarized as follows: 1) ATP and ATP/ADP were found to increase at every concentration of saponin tested whereas ADP declined at every cone. of saponin. The increase in pyruvate and lactate were observed at every cone, of saponin and thus $NAD^+/NADH$ computed from pyruvate/lactate also increased. Glucose utilization was stimulated by saponin. 2) $Na^+-K^+-ATPase$ activities showed a biphasic response to saponin, first increasing in lower concentration and then decreasing in higher concentration of saponin. 3) The efflux of sodium was significantly increased by saponin in the range of 5 to 10 mg%. The stimulatory effect of saponin on the rate constants for active(ouabain-sensitive) sodium efflux was inhibited by addition of ouabain.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 2014

최근 성인병 중에서 가장 높은 빈도로 발병하는 것이 고혈압인데, 이 고혈압의 예방하기 위해서 가장 손쉽게 일상적으로 섭취할 수 있는 것이 바로 우유의 성분인 카제인염이다. 일반적으로 우유 펩타이드는 혈압조절자인 ACE를 방해함으로써 혈압을 줄여주는 항고혈압 효과와 관련이 있으며, 또한 혈액의 혈소판 응집을 저해해 심근경색이나 뇌경색의 원인인 혈전을 방지한다라고 알려져 있다. 따라서 이러한 기능을 가지고 있는 우유의 카제인염을 다양한 단백질가수분해 효소로 처리하여 가수분해 시간에 따른 특성 그리고 ACE 저해효과가 높은 가수분해물을 제조하기 위해서 대표적인 막여과 방법인 한외여과법이 이용되고 있는 것을 살펴보았다. 향후 가수분해물들의 (1) 항산화 효과, 세포독성 및 용해성, 기포성 등이 더 향상될 수 있도록 효소선발과 효소처리에 대한 폭 넓은 조사와 연구, (2) 고품질 대량생산법 확립, 그리고 (3) 건강기능성식품으로의 산업화 이용이 가능하도록 지속적인 기초 연구가 신속히 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 1998

세포내, 외 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도구배 유지에는 $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase와 $Ca^{2+}$-$Na^{+}$ exachangers가 주요한 기능을 한다고 알려져 있는데 특히 $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase의 기능에 대해 많은 연구가 행해지고 있다 $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase는 체세포에서 세포막에 위치하고 있으며 $Ca^{2+}$을 세포외부로 배출하는 기능을 함으로써 세포내부의 $Ca^{2+}$농도를 낮게 유지할 수 있도록 하는 기능을 담당하고 있다. 이러한 $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase는 포유동물의 정자에도 존재하고 있지만 그 기능에 대해서는 아직 많은 설명이 되어있지 않다. 본 연구에서 정자가 수정을 하기 위한 기능적인 능력이 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도와 관련된 변화와 얼마나 연관되어 있는가를 규명하고, 이러한 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도 조절이 원형질막의 중요인자인 $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase와는 어떠한 연관성이 있는가를 알기 위해 시도한 결과, $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase는 세포내, 외 $Ca^{2+}$의 농도구배를 조절함으로써 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$의 농도를 증가시켜 정자가 수정능 획득과정으로 빨리 전환하도록 유도하고 첨체 반응에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 판단되며, 세포외 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도가 높게 유지될 경우에도 정자의 첨체반응이 유도됨으로써 난자와 용이하게 수정을 할 수 있는 생리적 환경이 제공될 수 있다고 사료된다.