• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.231-241
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• 2004

In recent years, many researches are actively undertaken for environmental-friendly animal production according to the increased understanding about food safety because of the outbreak of various diseases such as mad cow disease, Foot and mouth disease and Poultry Influenza virus. However, high quality(higher safety)- animal production may not be successful without increasing of disease resistance of animal and the improvement of feeding environment. To increase the disease resistance is able to be accomplished by stimulating the immune function. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of enzyme mixture reinforced with ${\beta}$-glucanase activity which degrade polysaccharide to release ${\beta}$-glucan known as stimulator of immune function on the change of milk production and somatic cell count. After 12weeks of experimental feeding, milk production tended to be increased and somatic cell count was decreased from average $227{\times}10^4$ to $37.1{\times}10^4$. Milk protein and solid-fat content were tended to increase but milk fat showed decreasing tendency by the feeding of enzyme mixture. All together, it has been suggest6d that the improvement of high quality milk production may be possible through the dietary addition of immune modulating enzyme mixture in lactating dairy cows.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2012

In these days, there has been increased focus on global warming and the exhaustion of resources recently caused by the heavy consumption of fossil resources. In order to resolve these problems, biomass is increasingly gaining international attention as a renewable energy source. Biogas derived from various biomass is environmental friendly alternative fuel for power generation, heating and vehicle fuel. Large amounts of sewage sludge, food waste and manure are generated from human activity, but these organic wastes contain high levels of organic matter and thus they are potential substrates for producing methane of biogas. The biogas contains 60% of highly concentrated methane, which is expected to be used effectively as energy. In this paper, we investigate the status of biogas in Korea as an alternative energy.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.605-614
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of TMR on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production of goat with different forage sources. The experiment was arranged 4×2 factorial design. The different forage sources were rice straw (RS), Italian rye grass (IR), timothy (TI) and alfalfa (AL), respectively. There were two different forage : concentrate ratios such as 20:80 (20) and 50:50 (50), respectively. Therefore, totally 8 treatments were used: 1) RS20, 2) RS50, 3) IR20, 4) IR50, 5) TI20, 6) TI50, 7) AL20, and 8) AL50, respectively. The rumen fluid of goat was collected from the slaughterhouse. For fermentation parameters, ruminal pH, total gas, methane, hydrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and volatile fatty acid were determined. The pH values were within an optimal range across all treatments. Total gas productions at TI20 and AL50 were significantly greater than others (p<0.05). Methane production was significantly lower in TI and AL compared with other treatments (p<0.05). The relatively high dietary NDF content in treatments showed significantly lower methane production (p<0.05). Significant alterations treatments were detected at ammonia nitrogen concentration according to the ratio of forage : concentrate (p<0.05). AL treatment showed greater total volatile fatty acid production compared with other treatments (p<0.05). Therefore, the present study suggests that both Timothy and Alfalfa could be recommendable forage sources for goat based on results with volatile fatty acid as an energy source and methane as an index for energy loss and environmental issues. Also, the 50:50 (forage : concentrate) ratio would prefer to 20:80.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.338-348
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• 2012

Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans Cooke is one of the major diseases in the cultivation of potatoes in Korea. Effect of chitosan preparations (SH-1 and SH-2) was evaluated on the inhibition of mycelial growth of P. infestans, and protective activity using detached potato leaf assay both in vivo and in the field test. SH-1 and SH-2 were showed protective activity of young plant with control values more than 95% potato late blight by inoculation with pathogens under growth chamber conditions. Mycelial growth was inhibited the radial growth over 74% at a concentration of $300{\mu}g/ml$ of both SH-1 and SH-2. Spraying with SH-1 and SH-2 on the leaves for detached leaf assay reduced disease development. The content of total polyphenol in stem was significantly increased by SH-1 and SH-2 application in the field. In field experiments, foliar application with both SH-1 and SH-2 were significantly reduced the development of late blight on potato plants. Control of late blight disease was obtained with control values of 72% and 53% by application of 1% SH-1 and SH-2, respectively, with 4 times at 7 days interval, and reduced with similar disease control values by application with 3 times at 14 days interval compared with untreated control. SH-1 and SH-2 applications increased the fresh weight of potato, and higher grade potatoes were also increased. The results showed that SH-1 and SH-2 applications can be used as eco-friendly natural fungicide for organic farming for the increase of yields and control of late blight.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.425-433
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• 2017

As the problems related to the environmental pollution such as carbon dioxide emission are emerging, the need for the renewable energy and environmentally friendly energy is getting intense. Fuel cells are eco-friendly energy generation devices that generate electrical energy and produce water as a sole by-product. Compared to the traditional proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), anion exchange membrane alkaline fuel cell (AEMAFC) has a main advantage of possibility to use low cost metal catalysts due to its faster kinetics. The AEM, which conducts $OH^-$ ions, should possess high ion conductivity as well as high chemical stability at high pH conditions. We hereby introduce a crosslinked poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) having a spacer-type conducting group as novel AEM, and report a high ion conductivity ($67.9mScm^{-1}$ at $80^{\circ}C$) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus : 0.53 GPa) as well as chemical stability (6.8% IEC loss at $80^{\circ}C$ for 1,000 h,) for the developed membrane.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Disposal of slurry animal manure produced by an anaerobic slurry-type barn method is not easy since the animal slurry contain high moisture content which makes solid-liquid separation a difficult process. However, recently, the interest about anaerobic digestion process as an environment-friendly waste disposal method has gained a wide interest because it can treat highly organic matter contained by the piggery slurry, decrease the odor after treatment, and enable the effective recovery of the methane gas which is a valuable energy resource. The objectives of this study were to identify the solubilization characteristics and to improve the anaerobic digestion efficiency of piggery slurry through full-scale anaerobic digestion experiments. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a full-scale continuous anaerobic digestion operation, the adaptability of single anaerobic digestion and its digestion efficiency were also evaluated in the farm field. The actual pH range and alkalinity concentration of piggery slurry used during the operation were comparatively higher than the concentrations of pH and alkalinity in the digestion tank which were stable at 7.5~8.0, 4,008 mg/L (as$CaCO_3$), respectively. The removal efficiency of organic matter (TCOD) by anaerobic digestion was 75~90% and methane gas production amount was at 0.33 L/L/day, a little higher than that of ordinary animal manure. CONCLUSION(s): Our findings showed higher recovery of highly purified methane and greater efficiency of anaerobic tank digestion since its methane gas content was at 65~70%.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2006

In this study, the existing MSS facilities were investigated for examination the the present condition of MSS treatment system. There are 23 MSS treatment facilities across the country, In total facilities, 6 facilities have economical problems, and 2 facilities were stopped the operation of establishments for technical problems, and most facilities are suffering from environmental problems, for example, odor and waste water. These kinds of problems play a role as obstacle to treat MSS efficiently. Accordingly, to reform current MSS treatment system, a few adequate measures are required. First a Guide line, which is a manual for establishment of MSS treatment facilities efficiently and environmentally friendly, must be offered from the agencies concerned of the Ministry of Environment to local governments. Second, to devise a plan for MSS treatment, Ministry of Environment and all local governments should devise a long-range policy synthetically not fragmentarily and temporarily.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2012

Sustainable agriculture requires reliable information on the spatial distribution of the soil chemical properties for effective management of paddy fields. In order to provide adequate soil nutritional information for environmental-friendly agriculture, we investigated the soil chemical properties for 260 paddy soils sampled in Gyeongnam Province from 1999 to 2011 by four years of interval. Soil chemical properties of pH, organic matter, available phosphate and silicate, exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents were analyzed. The pH value, organic matter, available phosphate and silicate, and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in paddy soils were significantly elevated in 2011 compared to 1999. The excessive levels of organic matter and available phosphate in paddy soils were detected in 2011. The soil available phosphate was highest in mountain foot-slope (p<0.05) and the soil organic matter was highest in diluvial terrace (p<0.05). It revealed that the soil available phosphate was the responsible factor for the differentiation of soil chemical properties by the topography in paddy soils.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 2012

Loess-sulfur complex has been widely used as an environmental friendly organic materials for insecticides and fungicides in crop cultivation. However, there are high concerns about skin and eye irritation for farm workers due to the high alkaline properties of loess-sulfur complex. The acute toxicity evaluation was conducted with three samples of loess-sulfur complex in different pH (pH 9, 10, 11) in order to supply the evidentiary data for selecting the optimal product among the test materials. The results of acute oral toxicity using rats showed $LD_{50}$ of over 2,000 mg/kg b.w. for all three samples of loess-sulfur complex. The calculated acute dermal $LD_{50}$ of all tested materials was over 4,000 mg/kg b.w.. The Skin and eye irritation indicated that all tested materials have no irritation. Consequently, it was suggested that loess-sulfur complex be low in acute toxicity at all different pH values (pH 9~11).

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.15-24
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of microbial fertilizer (MF) containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the growth in the lettuce by treating MF without and with organic fertilizer (OF), or by its formulation types, and to investigate its application in the eco-friendly agriculture. B. amyloliquefaciens, active microbe of MF, had activities of amylase and protease. Applied only MF without OF, MF treatments were not significantly different with non-fertilizer (NF). As compared to control, dry weight of MOF2 treatment (2,500 kg OF/ha + 50 kg MF/ha) was increased by about 30%. As applied with wettable powder type (WP) and soluble powder type (SP) of MF, the dry weight of WP was increased by 43% than that of control, but SP not significantly different. In the comparison with two MF formulation, dry weight of WP was increased by about 37% than that of SP. These results indicated that an application of MF improved the growth of lettuce by prompting a mineralization of OF, and that the formulation type of MF was better WP than SP.