• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.3-16
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• 1999

본 연구에서 미관통과 관통 샌드컴팩션파일(SCP) 개량지반에 대하여 일차원 압밀거동을 조사하기 위하여 실내모형실험을 실시하였다. 모델점토지반에 간극수압계, 토압계, 다이얼게이지등을 설치하여 SCP 개량지반의 압밀침하량과 응력분담비등을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 미관통 SCP 지반의 압밀침하량은 관통 SCP 지반의 압밀침하량 보다 더 크게, 응력분담비는 더 적게 나타났다. 또한 SCP 개량지반의 응력분담비는 압밀시간, 지반심도, 상대밀도, 치환율과 관통률에 따라 변화됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2018

Steel-concrete composite structure is widely applied to bridge engineering due to their outstanding mechanical properties and economic benefit. This paper studied a new type of steel-concrete composite anchorage system for a self-anchored suspension bridge and focused on the mechanical behavior and force transferring mechanism. A model with a scale of 1/2.5 was prepared and tested in ten loading cases in the laboratory, and their detailed stress distributions were measured. Meanwhile, a three-dimensional finite element model was established to understand the stress distributions and validated against the experimental measurement data. From the results of this study, a complicated stress distribution of the steel anchorage box with low stress level was observed. In addition, no damage and cracking was observed at the concrete surrounding this steel box. It can be concluded that the composite effect between the concrete surrounding the steel anchorage box and this steel box can be successfully developed. Consequently, the steel-concrete composite anchorage system illustrated an excellent mechanical response and high reliability.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2012

In this article we attempted reliability analysis of a component under the stress-strength pattern with both classical as well as Bayesian techniques. The main focus is made to develop the theory for dealing the reliability problems in various circumstances for bivariate environmental set up in context of Bayesian paradigm. A stress-strength based model describes the life of a component which has strength (Y) and is subjected to stress(X). We develop the Bayes and moment estimators of reliability of a component for each of the three possible conditions, under the assumption that the two stresses (i.e. $X_1$ and $X_2$) on a component are dependent and follow a Bivariate exponential (BVE) of Marshall-Olkin distribution, the strength of a component (Y) following exponential distribution is independent of the stresses. The simulation study is performed with Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique via Gibbs sampler to obtain the estimates of Bayes estimators of reliability, are compared with moment estimators of reliabilities on the basis of absolute biases.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2021

This paper aims to simulate the isotropic elastic damage theory of Liu Jun (2012) using the self-programmed UMAT subroutine in the interface of ABAQUS. Liu Jun (2012)'s method based on the mechanic theory can not be used interactively with the currently commonly used finite element software ABAQUS. The advantage of this method in the paper is that it can interact with ABAQUS and provide a constitutive program framework that can be modified according to user need. The model retains the two scalar damage variables and the corresponding two energy dissipation mechanisms and damage criteria for considering the tensile and compressive asymmetry of concrete. Taking C45 concrete as an example, the relevant damage evolution parameters of its tensile and compressive constitutive model are given. The study demonstrates that the uniaxial tensile stress calculated by the subroutine is almost the same as the Chinese Concrete Design Specification (GB50010) before the peak stress, but ends soon after the peak stress. The stress-strain curve of uniaxial compression calculated by the subroutine is in good agreement with the peak stress in Chinese Concrete Design Specification (GB50010), but there is a certain deviation in the descending stage. In addition, this paper uses the newly compiled subroutine to simulate the shear bearing capacity of the shear key in a new structural system, namely the open-web sandwich slab. The results show that the damage constitutive subroutine has certain reliability.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제5권2_3_4호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2002

Accidental gaseous losses from industrial processes can pose considerable health and environmental risks but assessing their health, safety and environmental impact is problematic. Improved understanding and simulation of the dispersion of emissions in the vicinity of storage tanks is required. The present study aims to assess the capability of the turbulence closures and meshing alternatives in a commercially available CFD code for predicting dispersion in the vicinity of cubes and circular cylindrical storage tanks. The performance of the $k-{\varepsilon}$ and Reynolds Stress turbulence models and meshing alternatives for these cases are compared to experimental data. The CFD simulations are very good qualitatively and, in many cases, quantitatively. A mesh with prismatic elements is more accurate than a tetrahedral mesh. Overall the Reynolds stress model performs slightly better than the $k-{\varepsilon}$ model.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2016

Objectives: Outdoor workers are exposed to thermally stressful work environments. In this study, heat stress indices for harbor workers in summer were calculated to evaluate thermal comfort based on a human heat balance model. These indices are Physiological Subjective Temperature (PST), Dehydration Risk (DhR), and Overheating Risk (OhR) according to respective stage of cargo work in a harbor. In addition, we constructed a forecast system to provide heat stress information. Methods: Thermophysiological indices in this study were calculated using the MENEX model (i.e. the human heat balance model), which used as inputs the meteorological parameters, clothing insulation, and metabolic rate for each stage of cargo work in the harbor of Masan over the course of seven days, including a four-day heat wave. The forecast heat stress information constructed for Masan harbor was based on meteorological data supported by the Dong-Nae Forecast from the KMA (Korea Metrological Administration) and other input parameters. Results: According to higher metabolic rate, thermophysiological indices showed a critical level. In particular, PST was evaluated as reaching the 'Very hot' or 'Hot' level during all seven days, despite the heat occurring over only four. It is important in a regard to consider the work environment conditions (i.e. labor intensity and clothing in harbor). On a webpage, the forecast thermophysiological indices show as infographics to be easily understand. This webpage is comprised of indices for both current conditions and the forecast, with brief guidance. Conclusion: Thermophysiological indices show the risk level to health during a heat wave period. Heat stress information could help to protect the health of harbor workers. Further, this study could extend the applicability of these indices to a variety of outdoor workers in consideration of work environments.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.547-555
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• 2005

In this study, an analytical expression for aerosol mass transfer at spherical collector in the low Knudsen number region was obtained. Happel's zero shear stress cell model was extended in the low Knudsen number region and the result was compared with numerical solution results. The zero vorticity model based on the Kuwabara's cell model was also extended in the low Knudsen number region and compared with Happel's results. The results showed that both analytic and numerical solution agree very well with each other in low Knudsen number region. Happel's zero shear stress model also agrees with Kuwabara's zero vorticity model without significant loss of accuracy. The obtained solution converges to the original solution of Lee et al. (1999) when Knudsen number approaches to zero. Subsequently, this study derived most general type of analytic solution for aerosol mass transfer of spherical collector including the finite Knudsen number region.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.350-362
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• 2017

오일러형 해빈류 모형은 계산된 질량흐름에 파랑질량흐름이 포함되어 있지 않기 때문에 수치모의된 계산결과를 정점 관측결과와 직접 비교할 수 있다. 또한 포물선형 연직분포를 가진 연안류를 재현할 수 있음으로 인해 라그랑지형 해빈류 모형보다 장점이 있다. 그러나 오일러형 해빈류 모형에서 파랑에 의한 응력인 파랑응력이 해빈류 모형에 따라 형태가 달라, 서로 다른 계산 결과가 나타나게 된다. Newberger and Allen(2007)의 파랑응력은 연직방향으로 수심의 함수가 아닌 상수인 반면에 Chun(2012)의 파랑응력은 수심의 함수로 표현된다. 이러한 차이는 해빈류 계산 결과에 직접적인 영향을 미치고 있어 본 논문에서는 이들 파랑응력의 차이를 해석적으로 비교하였다. 각 파랑응력에 대한 해빈류 모형을 Hamilton et al.(2001)의 LSTF(Large-scale Sediment Transport Facility) 수리모형 실험에 적용하여 차이를 비교함으로써 파랑응력항의 차이에 따른 해빈류 계산 결과의 특성을 검토하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2012

If cement can be manufactured with industrial byproducts such as granulated blast furnace slag, phosphogypsum, and waste lime instead of clinker, there would be many advantages, including maximum use of these industrial byproducts for high value-added resources, conservation of natural resources and energy by omitting the use of clinker, minimized environmental pollution problems caused by CO2 discharge, and reduction of the production cost. By this reason, in this study, mechanical behavior tests of non-burnt cement concrete were performed, and elasticity modulus and stress-strain relationship of non-burnt cement concrete were proposed. 6 test members were manufactured and tested according to reinforcement ratio and concrete compressive strength. By the test results, there was no difference between ordinary concrete and non-burnt cement concrete of flexural behavior. In order to verify the proposed non-burnt cement concrete model, nonlinear analytical model was derived by using strain compatibility method. By the results of comparison between test results, ordinary concrete model and proposed model, The proposed model well predicted the flexural behavior of non-burnt cement concrete.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2018

Duncan & Chang(1970)는 던컨-창 모델을 제안하면서 흙시료의 초기 접선계수와 극한 축차응력을 구하기 위하여 쌍곡선이론을 사용하여 삼축압축시험의 응력-변형률의 비선형관계를 변환된 변형률/축차응력-변형률의 선형관계로 재구성하였다. 그러나 변환된 응력-변형률 관계는 이론적으로 선형관계를 나타내지만, 실제로는 시험이 시작되는 변형률이 작은 구간과 시료가 파괴에 이르는 변형률이 큰 구간에서는 비선형관계를 보인다. 이러한 현상은 삼축압축시험의 응력-변형률 곡선이 완전한 쌍곡선 형태가 아님을 나타낸다. 따라서 변환된 응력-변형률 곡선의 전 구간에 대하여 선형 회귀분석을 실시하여 직선의 식을 구하게 되면, 비선형관계를 나타내는 구간의 범위에 따라 선형관계식의 산정에 편차가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 편차를 줄이기 위하여 본 연구에서는 변환응력-변형률 관계에서 비선형을 나타내는 초반과 종반 구간을 제외한 구간에 대하여 선형회귀분석을 실시함으로써 초기접선계수와 극한 축차응력을 산정하는 수정회귀분석법을 제안하였다. 수정회귀분석법을 검증하기 위하여, 풍화토의 다짐시료에 대하여 압밀-배수 삼축압축시험을 실시하였다. 삼축압축시험의 응력-변형률 곡선으로부터 구한 변환응력-변형률 관계에 대해서 수정회귀분석을 실시하여 Duncan et al.(1980)이 제안한 2점법으로 구한 결과와 비교하였다. 분석결과 수정회기분석법에 비해 Duncan의 2점법으로 산정한 초기 접선계수는 4.0% 크게, 그리고 극한 축차응력은 2.9% 작게 평가되었다.