• Spatial Information Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.301-316
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• 2002

Soil Loss by outflow of water or rainfall has caused many environmental problems as declining agricultural productivity, damaging pasture and preventing flow of water. Also, validity pondage of reservoir or dam is decreased by rivers inflow of eroded soil. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) is mainly used to presume soil loss amount of basin using GIS. But, because comparison with survey data is difficult, it is no large meaning that estimate calculated soil loss amount as quantitative. This research used unit sediment deposit survey data of Bo-seong basin for quantitative conclusion of soil loss amount that calculate on RUSLE. Through comparison examination with unit sediment yield that calculate on RUSLE and unit sediment deposit survey data, we can estimate resolution far RUSLE Model. As a result, cell size of 150m was estimated by thing which is most suitable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2014

Metabolomics is the study of changes in the metabolic status of an organism as a consequence of drug treatment, environmental influences, nutrition, lifestyle, genetic variations, toxic exposure, disease, stress, etc, through global or comprehensive identification and quantification of every single metabolite in a biological system. Since most chronic diseases have been demonstrated to be linked to nutrition, nutritional metabolomics has great potential for improving our understanding of the relationship between disease and nutritional status, nutrient, or diet intake by exploring the metabolic effects of a specific food challenge in a more global manner, and improving individual health. In particular, metabolite profiling of biofluids, such as blood, urine, or feces, together with multivariate statistical analysis provides an effective strategy for monitoring human metabolic responses to dietary interventions and lifestyle habits. Therefore, studies of nutritional metabolomics have recently been performed to investigate nutrition-related metabolic pathways and biomarkers, along with their interactions with several diseases, based on animal-, individual-, and population-based criteria with the goal of achieving personalized health care in the future. This article introduces analytical technologies and their application to determination of nutritional phenotypes and nutrition-related diseases in nutritional metabolomics.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 2007

Masan Bay is a representative semi-closed bay acted as a sedimentation reservoir with a slow current velocity and a poor water circulation in Korea. The pollutants from terrestrial sources into the Masan Bay have apparently environmental pollution problems, such as eutrophication, red tied, and hypoxia. In this study, An ecological modeling work was performed to estimate the material circulation including the growth of bivalve in ecosystem. Furthermore, the effect of water purification was calculated by filter feeding bivalve to particulate organic matter just like COD and phytoplankton. And Water quality management strategy by bio-purification of bivalve is derived through selection of location, quantification of bivalve aquaculture farm. The results showed that the optimum location for bivalve farming is where phytoplankton accumulation by physical processes is maximized and the optimum density and area of bivalve are 35 individuals $m^{-3}$ and ca. 500 hectare, respectively. When assuming conditions for the optimum growth of bivalve, COD could decrease by up to 18% even without other reduction of pollution loads.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 2018

Lactobacillus (LAB) have been reported to exert both harmful and beneficial effects on human and animal health. Recently, it has been reported that dysbiosis and bacterial translocation contribute to liver fibrosis. However, the role of Gram-positive LAB in the situation of chronic liver diseases has not been yet elucidated. Liver injury was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in LAB or control-administered mice. Liver fibrosis was enhanced in LAB-administered mice compared with control-treated mice as demonstrated by quantification of Sirius-red positive area, hydroxyproline contents and fibrosis-related genes ($Col1{\alpha}1$, Acta2, Timp1, Tgfb1). Moreover, LAB-administered mice were more susceptible to BDL-induced liver injury as shown by increased ALT and AST level of LAB group compared with control group at 5 days post BDL. Consistent with serum level, inflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$) were also significantly increased in LAB-treated mice. Of note, LAB-treated liver showed increased lipoteichoic acid (LTA) expression compared with control-treated liver, indicating that LAB-derived LTA may translocate from intestine to liver via portal vein. Indeed, responsible receptor or inflammatory factor (PAFR and iNOS) for LTA were upregulated in LAB-administered group. The present findings demonstrate that administration of LAB increases LTA translocation to liver and induces profibrogenic inflammatory milieu, leading to aggravation of liver fibrosis. The current study provides new cautious information of LAB for liver fibrosis patients to prevent the detrimental effect of LAB supplements.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.223-228
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• 2011

White light scanning interferometry has been employed to analyze surface features of diverse specimens. Long established in the field of materials engineering, the technique provides quantitative three-dimensional data as well as qualitative morphological images. It uses white light that is split and reflected from a reference mirror and an object. Merged together, the light generates interference patterns representing topographical contours of the object surface. The amplitude of the z-axis data is differentiated by gray scale. The technique allows the rapid, noncontact, and wide-field measurements for morphometry of biological specimens including chondrocytes, tooth enamel, and plant leaves. Quantification of the dimension of surface structures such as width, length, and elevation angle could be achievable by white light scanning interferometry. The light reflection from plant leaves has been assumed to be sufficient for the technique. Without special specimen preparations like conductive metal coating, the technique can be increasingly used for quantitative three-dimensional surface measurements of biological specimens.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.87-94
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• 2007

Reuse of recycled aggregate from demolished concrete structure is beneficial and necessary from the viewpoint of environmental preservation and effective utilization of resources. The most important mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) are the compressive strength, the tensile and the flexural strengths, the bond strength and the elastic modulus of such concrete. In particular, the stress-strain relation and fracture process of RAC in compression is especially important in theoretical and numerical analysis as well as engineering design of RAC structures. In this paper, to clarify the characteristics of fracture process in RAC, acoustic emission(AE) method is applied to detect micro-cracking in concrete under compression. From AE parameters, it is found that cracking and fracture behaviors in recycled aggregate concrete fairly differ from that of normal and recycled sand concrete.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.836-843
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• 2005

Two data sets of repeated hydrographic surveys with a single beam echo-sounder were obtained to investigate morphological changes on a sand mining site within EEZ near the Eocheong Islands, West Sea of Korea. Their accuracies of depth measurement, estimated from the crossover analysis, correspond to the Oder 2 of IHO standards. Bathymetric maps show a feature of 300m wide and 10m deep hollow, whose evolution can be seen in difference grids of the two bathymetric maps. However, data of higher accuracy and resolution enable precise quantification of extracted sand volume. Since this morphological change could affect sedimentary environment as well as benthic ecology, environmental impact assessment based on scientific research data is required for management and sustainable development of limited sand resource.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to define the primary factors obstructing the bus services that play an important part in mass transportation in almost the cities, and then to develop the models for travelling speed. To define the primary factors, two video cameras were used in this study, one for speed meter, the other for traffic condition, from which time-speed graphs were made. In the graphs, the gaps between road regulation speed and travelling speed were analyzed by monitor analysis. After this, primary delay factors were classified by quantification theory type I. and then to develop the models for travelling speed, stepwise analysis was used.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.133-150
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• 1999

Significant costs to the public and private sectors due to recent extreme wind events have motivated the need for systematic post-hurricane damage data collection and analysis. Current post disaster data are collected by many different interested groups such as government agencies, voluntary disaster relief agencies, representatives of media companies, academicians and companies in the private sector. Each group has an interest in a particular type of data. However, members of each group collect data using different techniques. This disparity in data is not conducive to quantifying damage data and, therefore, inhibits the statistical and spatial description of damage and comparisons of damage among different extreme wind events. The data collection does not allow comparisons of data or results of analyses within a group and also prohibits comparison of damage data and information among different groups. Typically, analyses of data from a given event lead to different conclusion depending upon the definition of damage used by individual investigators and the type of data collected making it difficult for members of groups to compare the results of their analyses with a common language and basis. A formal method of data collection and analysis-within any single group-would allow comparisons to be made among different individuals, hazardous events and eventually among different groups, thus facilitating the management and reduction of damage due to future disaster. This research introduces a definition of damage to single family dwellings, and a common method of data collection and analysis suited for groups interested in regional characterization of damage. The current state-of-data is presented and a method for data collection is recommended based on these existing data collection methods. A fixed-scale damage index is proposed to consider the damage to a dwelling's feature. Finally, the damage index is applied to three dwellings damaged by Hurricane Iniki (1992). The damage index reflects the reduced functionality of a structure as a single family detached dwelling and provides a means to evaluate regional damage due to a single event or to compare damage due to events of different severity. Evaluation of the damage index and the data available support recommendation for future data collection efforts.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2004

We collected crucians (Carassius auratus) and leopard frogs(Rana pipiens) along the Nakdong River and the basin area at five locations from Koomi to Nakdong-estuary. The muscular tissue were separated and a GC-MSD system was used for quantification of PCBs. The 62 PCB congeners which represent total PCB levels were selected as analytes. We determined concentrations of PCBs and studied distribution characteristics by individual congeners and homologs. In the crucian, 24 congeners were detected and total PCB levels ranged from 0.74 to 5.41 ng/g wet weight. In the leopard frog, however, only 2 congeners were detected from Nakdong estuary only. The PCB level was 0.24 ng/g wet weight, around 22 times lower than the crucians. The PCB 153 showed the highest concentrations in the congeners and penta- and hexa-CBs showed the strong predominance which accounted for 78% of the total PCBs.