• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.30 no.B
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• pp.125-135
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• 2010

The influences on water quality of each river by effluents from environmental facilities $located^{*}$ in 14 unit watersheds of North- and South-Han River, and Gyungan-cheon were analyzed. Also, the water quality modeling for study area was carried out to analyze the improvement effect of water quality by the strengthening of T-P effluent standard of environmental facilities. For the calibration and verification of model, water quality data and effluent loading calculated for 2006 were used. Data of low water period were used for calibration, and normal water period for verification. The results of calibration and verification were well matched with the real water quality dataset of revers. Also, the validity of the results were estimated using RI (Reliability Index) method. When the T-P effluent standards for environmental facilities were strengthened, T-P concentrations were predicted to improve from $0.025mg/{\ell}$ to $0.023mg/{\ell}$ in the outlet location of North-Han River, from $0.056mg/{\ell}$ to $0.040mg/{\ell}$ for South-Han River,and from $0.233mg/{\ell}$ to $0.146mg/{\ell}$ for Gyungan-cheon. Also, the T-P concentrations of tributaries including Jojong-cheon, Dal-cheong, Sumgang, Chungmi-cheon, Bokha-cheon, Heuk-cheon, and Wonju-cheon were predicted to improve from $0.063mg/{\ell}$ to $0.010mg/{\ell}$, from $0.091mg/{\ell}$ to $0.053mg/{\ell}$, from $0.199mg/{\ell}$ to $0.100mg/{\ell}$, from $0.168mg/{\ell}$ to $0.148mg/{\ell}$, from $0.186mg/{\ell}$ to $0.105mg/{\ell}$, from $0.019mg/{\ell}$ to $0.013mg/{\ell}$, and from $0.822mg/{\ell}$ to $0.236mg/{\ell}$, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.191-200
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• 2023

This study aims to estimate the value of environmental services that could be generated by seawater flowing in the Geumgang Estuary by using meta-regression for benefit transfer. The environmental services that can be generated by seawater flowing are assumed to be improved water quality, increased biodiversity, and enhanced water-friendly effect. The analysis was conducted using 122 data from 28 studies from EVIS. The results show that households in the neighborhood where seawater is distributed are willing to pay about KRW 46,918, KRW 7,752, and KRW 7,859 per year for improved water quality, increased biodiversity, and enhanced water-friendly, respectively. The WTP of the national households other than neighboring households was found to be KRW 19,401, KRW 3,206, and KRW 3,250 for the three environmental services, respectively. The WTP for water quality improvement is higher than that for biodiversity increase and water-friendly effect increase, which may be due to the fact that water quality improvement is an environmental service that is close to the use value. In addition, neighboring households have a higher WTP than national households because neighboring households are more likely to evaluate the benefits of seawater flowing as a use value, while national households are more likely to evaluate it as a non-use value.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.506-519
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• 1996

The water quality in the rural areas is degrading due to a variety of causes such as the increase of the urban sewage and industrial wastes, the disposal of solid wastes, the growth of livestock waste, the growth of leisure facilities, the establishment of agricultural industry estates and etc. The water pollutants are scarce while the effluent is increasing from wide scattered sources. The technology specifically designed for the rural wastes water treatment plant needs to be implemented with improvement of agricultural water quality. 1. An integrated management measures against water pollution sources. The prevention of water pollution is the best measures in the environmental pollution. Hence, the most effective measures needs to be against the sources. Small-scale water treatment plants needs to be constructed in each village in the rural areas. As for the industrial effluent, the effluent discharge needs to be strictly monitored. Government subsidy for the establishment of treatment plant for livestock wastes is necessary. 2. The establishment of national-wide network for agricultural water quality. The network for agricultural water quality have been operated to conserve the agricultural water quality, and to develop management policies by the assessment of water pollution in the rural areas. The results of agricultural water quality network indicates that the water quality is degrading not only around urban areas but also in the distant rural areas, and the water quality at the pumping stations and weirs is worse than that of reservoirs. 3. The legal, systematic, and technical approaches for the agricultural water quality management. The actions currently implemented for the improvement of agricultural water quality involve temporary measures such as the improvement of irrigation facilities. These contingency measures are not effective in the long-term, and sometimes bring secondary pollution. Therefore, integrated measures covering the whole water environment such as the flow, quality, river morphology, aquatic ecosystem, and the surrounding environment, need be invented and implemented. Besides, the legal, systematic, and technical frameworks for the management are not fully established so far. The technology for the treatment of rural water pollution should be refined afterwards, and the research for the development of rural waste water treatment plant should be carried out.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.518-524
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• 2010

Continuous removal of organic matters (CROM) using freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana was operated to evaluate the effect of water current on the water quality improvement (clearance) of eutrophic lake. The CROM system comprised three treatment steps such as flow control, treatment and analysis, and operated at the two different currents ($24L\;h^{-1}$ and $48L\;h^{-1}$) with mussels at density of $312.5indiv.\;m^{-2}$ for 12 consecutive days. Water quality including suspended solids (SS) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) was daily measured at the same time. Results indicate that although both the system strongly decreased the concentration of SS and chl-a, a slow CROM system was more effective to diminish the SS contents than a fast CROM system; 82% and 66%, respectively (ANOVA, P<0.0001). Clearance rates, based on chl-a, were also significantly higher in a slow system than a fast system (ANOVA, P<0.0001), although the mussel mortality was conversely. In both systems, there showed a remarkable excretion of dissolved inorganic nutrients (i.e. $NH_3-N$ and $PO_4-P$), while a slow CROM system was higher than a fast system, significantly (ANOVA, P<0.0001). Therefore, it may suggest that a slow current CROM system is more suitable to maximize the efficacy of water quality improvement, but further study is needed to diminish the mortality of mussel and to reuse the nutrient released during the operation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.364-372
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• 2020

The "Master Plan for the Revitalization of Water in the Nakdong River" is designed for the fundamental improvement of water quality in the Nakdong River. The water quality and flow of the Nakdong River system tributaries was monitored in this study. Among the living environmental standard parameters of 195 rivers, BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand), T-P (Total phosphorus) and TOC (Total organic carbon) were assessed to analyze the water quality from 2012 to 2019. We examined the role of TOC. It was found that 12 rivers exceeded the water quality of the second grade (3.0 mg/L BOD standard, 0.1 mg/L T-P standard, 4.0 mg/L TOC standard) based on BOD and T-P concentrations: the Gumi stream, Gisegok stream, Yongha stream, Yongho stream, Changnyeong stream, Gajwa stream, Gwangok stream, Yeongsan stream, Toerae stream, Hwapo stream, Sangnam stream and Hogye stream. These rivers require strategies to improve the quality of the Nakdong River. Based on the ongoing project, it is possible to supplement the "Master Plan for the Revitalization of Water in the Nakdong River" and manage it after verifying it as a component of people's life and therefore used to establish water quality control measures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.540-545
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• 2006

The objective of the study is to assess the water quality improvement resulted from the rearrangement of the irrigation water supply systems at Mankyeong River and Ansung Chun basin. There is a mixed type of watershed composed of urban and rural areas in the region. The water intake facilities for agricultural use such as reservoir, weir and pumping station are generally located at upstream river where the water quality maintains relatively clean. However, this study focuses on moving the water intake to downstream and rearranging the irrigation water supply system, then investigating how effective they are for water quality improvement in the river. When the water intake is moved downstream, the stream flow is increased as much as the amount of irrigation water that is to be taken upstream. The augmented flow which is frequently referred to as environmental flow can function as dilution water for improving the quality of polluted water that is originated from the wastewater in tributaries.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.767-787
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• 2016

In this study, we analyzed on-site monitoring data for 15 tributaries in Geumho watersheds for 3 years (2011-2013) in order to sort out priorities on water quality characteristics and improvement. As a result of estimating contribution to contamination of the tributary rivers, Dalseocheon showed the highest load densities, despite the smallest watershed area, with 22.7% $BOD_5$, 30.7% $COD_{Mn}$, 31.3% TOC and 47.6% TP. After conducting PCA (principal component analysis) and FA (factor analysis) to analyze water quality characteristics of the tributary rivers, the first factor was classified as $COD_{Mn}$, TOC, EC, TP and $BOD_5$, the second factor as pH, Chl-a and DO, the third factor as water temperature and TN, and the fourth factor as SS and surface flow. In addition, arithmetical sum of each factor's scores based on grading criteria revealed that Dalseocheon and Namcheon were classified into Group A for their highest scores - 96 and 93, respectively -, and selected as rivers that require water environmental management measures the most. Also, water environmental contamination inspection showed that Palgeocheon had the most number of aquatic factors to be controlled: $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, TOC, T-P, Chl-a, etc.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 1999.02b
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• pp.801-829
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• 1999

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.345-359
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• 2013

The Ministry of Environment established a plan for advancement of livestock manure management in July 2011 and finalized the "Comprehensive Measures for Advancement of Livestock Manure Management" in May 2012 complementing and strengthening the plan. In this process, it was necessary to investigate the status of discharge of livestock manure and its environmental impact, for example on rivers, groundwater, arable outflow water and soil. We investigated types of livestock husbandry, discharge of livestock manure, and production and use of organic fertilizers and presented the improvement measures of livestock manure management and organic fertilizer use. First, it is necessary to come up with measures to calculate appropriate density and numbers of livestock animals and prevent overcrowded breeding. Second, as many of the private livestock manure treatment facilities are out-dated and their long-term aerated reaction tanks are not regularly managed, it is necessary to find ways to improve those facilities through inspection and diagnosis. In addition, since existing public treatment facilities are designed to add clean water to belt filter press, additional water is needed. Therefore, it is necessary to improve belt filter press in order to decrease the extra water. Finally, although large-scale organic fertilizer plants and resources recycling centers produce good organic (liquid) fertilizers with proper components, it is necessary to establish standards for maturity of liquid fertilizers in order to facilitate efforts to turn livestock manure into resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

The Anyang River which located in an urban area near Seoul had been managed focusing on supplying home and industrial water and preventing floods, coping with rapid industrialization and urbanization. Consequently, it was changed into a deadly river during 25 years. Its channel was straightened by concrete and water quality deteriorated to BOD 190mg/l. In addition, water quantity has been rapidly decreased and has been drying up. Also, as the river ecosystem, landscape, water-friendly function, and so forth were seriously deteriorated, people turn away from the urban river. From 2001, the master plan under the 10-year has been actively carried out centering on the preceding items, which are healthy river in which fishes inhabit, safe river free from floods and droughts, and pleasant river where citizens visit. As a result, its water quality was remarkably improved by BOD 5mg/l in 2005 and some upper zones were improved enough to allow people to swim. Moreover, various animals including fish and birds gather around the river. Now, the 'Anyang River Restoration Project' is recognized as the first comprehensive and systematic nature-friendly urban river improvement in Korea.