• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2020

The article examines the impact differences between producing concrete and asphalt. Both materials are widely used in the construction industry. Construction activities account for a large portion of greenhouse gases. Therefore, it is important to consider the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to reduce environmental impacts. In this study, the material processes were inputted into an LCA program called SimaPro. The database used for the study was Ecoinvent as it is one of the major databases within SimaPro. The materials were compared against impacts per kg of material produced as the functional unit. Each process was created using the materials, energy and transportation required to produce the materials. Waste streams were also included in the process to determine the impacts after the product was done with its useful life. Using the ReCiPe method, an LCA was conducted. Midpoint and endpoint categories were examined for both the productions. The processes had similar results for the human health and ecosystems categories; however asphalt was marginally higher for both. Asphalt had exceeded concrete in the resource impact category by 100 mPt. The results indicate that concrete is the more sustainable building material. Determination of various impacts of the materials is important for material selection.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.83-99
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• 1994

To compare basic information and to inspect impacts situations between 1987 and 1992, this study was executed in Chongnung valley of Mt. Puk'an. And to provide basic informations through the change of plant species diversity, some methods were applied and analyzed such as the degree of environmental impacts and belt-transect method. The results were summarized as follows; 1. In order to find environmental impacts by visitor, the degree of environmental impacts class that was proposed by Kwon(1991) was implicated. In 4 sites, total area of over impact class 2 is 86,692$m^2$ and area of impacts class 4-6 that is impossible to recover naturally is 36,856$m^2$. Totally, the impacted area was profounded qualitatively and quantitatively against 1987's. 2. In the vegetation change by visitor's impacts, species diversity was rapidly decreased as nearer the campsite and trail. And in the basal area and coverage, lower layer species was sensitively changed. Trampling-resistent species is as following; Robinia pseudoacacia, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Staphylea bumalda, Clerdendron trichotomum, Stephanandra incisa, Rubus crataegifolius, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Weigela subsessilis, Rosa multiflora, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Lindera obtusiloba, Callicarpa japonica, Sorbus alnifolia, Symplocos mongolica and so on. In the results of soil hardness test, that was decreased as far away from campsite and trail. 3. In the 4 sites selected in Chongnung valley of Puk'ansan Natioal Park, management plans was largely divided 4 category, such as trail improvement, facilities setting, ecotone vegetation establishment, and vegetation rehabilitation. And a suggestion was provided to each site.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.59-71
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• 1993

Evaluation methods are employed in environmental impact assessment to choose between different project site, to determine the required measures to compensate impact and to decide whether the environmental impacts are more important than the social or economic effects of a project. The main obstacles that restrict use of quantitative evaluation method are a Lack of knowledge about the environmental effects (e.g. if impacts on wildlife or landscape amenities are predicted) and the relative importance of economic and social issues compared with nature conservation stability of ecosystem or landscape beauty. In Germany, the most common method for site planning is the "ecological risk analysis". It is a kind of multi-criteria-decision-method based on quantitative and qualitative description and ordinal ranking. The various kinds of "ecological balancing methods" that are more recently developed (within the last decade) to quantify the required amount for compensatory measures instead often use cardinal figures to express the value of ecosystems, the intensity of impacts, the need for additional measures to compensate for long recuperative periods when restoring ecosystems and so on. There are still only a view attempts to quantify decisions between environmental and socio-economic issues. Multicriteria-analysis as well as cost-benifit-analysis was used. Some new approaches which are still in a preliminary status are based on contingent valuation and on calculations for compensatory payments (instead of compensatory measures).

• 청정기술
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2014

기업에서는 환경오염 문제를 사전예방하기 위해 전과정평가를 이용하여 공정시스템과 제품의 환경성을 향상시키려는 노력이 증가하고 있다. 전과정평가는 공정시스템과 제품의 전과정과 공급사슬에서 발생되는 환경부하를 선제적으로 저감하는 데 활용될 수 있기 때문에 친환경설계를 위한 주요 요소로서 인식되고 있다. 본 리뷰 논문에서는 공정시스템과 제품의 환경성을 향상시키기 위하여 전과정평가를 활용하는 방법론을 제시하고, 전과정평가를 이용한 친환경설계로서 공장내 용수 네트워크시스템과 전자제품의 한 종류인 휴대폰에 대한 사례를 소개하고자 한다. 친환경설계를 수행하기 위해서는 먼저 전과정평가를 이용하여 공정시스템과 제품의 구성요소에서 발생할 수 있는 환경부하를 정량적으로 평가분석하여 환경성에 많은 영향을 끼치는 주요 설계인자를 규명해야 한다. 이러한 주요 설계인자로부터 직접적, 간접적으로 발생하는 환경부하를 저감시키기 위해서는 최적화 기법과 같은 공학적 도구를 이용하거나 다양한 분야의 전문가가 공동으로 협력하여 환경부하의 발생 원인을 제거하고 최소화시키는 방법을 도출하여야 한다. 전과정평가를 이용한 친환경설계 방법론과 사례는 다양한 분야에서 응용될 수 있기 때문에 환경오염을 사전예방하여 우리 사회의 지속가능성을 향상시키는데 기여할 수 있다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.79-94
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• 2010

This article focused on the environmental changes on atolls in Micronesia. First, we considered the problem. Second, we designed research that focused on the impacts of environmental changes especially in relation to globalization and global warming in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). The results were in accordance to the hypotheses that globalization had impacted prominently in communities on main islands and impact was lessened with increased distance from the centre. The fact that the islands are remotely situated and thus, in theory, do not have much outside influence, has not alleviated them from having societal concerns. The earth's environmental change is causing an impact on the main islands as well. This has been governed by distinctive characteristics in their geographical, regional, and contents. Moreover, they showed stronger concerns about impacts on the environment than globalization. A set of questionnaires was used as the principal assessment method to quantify the concerns relating to the environmental changes.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.419-427
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• 2009

Methodology and application of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for policies, plans, and programs are still new approach in Vietnam. With a support from Vietnam-Swedish Project (SEMLA) and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), SEA for the Tonkin Gulf Coastal Economic Belt Development Plan was conducted in 2008. Lessons obtained from this SEA may contribute to improving methods and practicing SEAs for regional development. The main lessons summarized in this paper are: (i) close cooperation between the planning and environmental teams from the beginning phase of a master plan; (ii) SEA should focus not only on impacts to the natural environment but also on main issues of socio-economic aspects; (iii) approaches and methods used in SEA should be appropriate to properly predict the impacts at regional-levels and cumulative impacts; (iv) a good SEA study may be achieved when detailed data on the environment and socio-economy of the study area are available and have active engagement of stakeholders, including project affected sectors, ecologists, planners, policy makers, etc. This paper is useful for whom, those work in SEA in regional development.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.151-160
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• 1997

The Yangyang Pumped Storage Power Plant is being constructed by Korea Electric Power Corporation in Namdae-Chun River, Korea. The Yangyang Pumped Storage Power Plant has 1000MW capacity with upper reservior, lower reservior, hydrauric tunnel and underground power plant facilities. But NGO(Non Governmental Groups) and residents are worried about the power plant construction because of some problems, as follows. (1) Namdae-Chun River is principal salmon returning river in Korea. (2) Namdae-Chun River is main water supply source of the Yangyang country. So, brief explanation of Environmental Impacts Assessment executed by Korea Electric Power Corporation, main environmental impacts and countermeasures will be introduced.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.698-705
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• 2017

전과정평가 기법을 적용하여 재생 플라스틱을 사용한 휴대폰 충전기의 전과정 환경영향을 정량화하고, 신재 플라스틱과 재생플라스틱의 환경영향을 비교하였다. 충전기의 제조전, 제조, 유통, 사용 및 폐기를 포함하는 전과정 단계별로 자원고갈, 산성화, 부영양화, 지구온난화, 오존층고갈, 광화학산화물생성 환경영향을 분석하였다. 자원고갈 및 지구온난화 영향범주에서는 충전기의 사용단계 환경영향이 각각 94.4%, 70%를 차지하여 가장 큰 환경영향을 나타냈고, 그 외 영향범주에서는 제조전단계의 환경영향이 98% 이상을 차지하였다. 사용단계의 경우 충전기에 의해 소모되는 전력이 주요 원인이고, 제조전단계 경우 PBA (Printed Board Assembly)와 외장 Case 제조공정이 주요 원인이었다. 외장 Case에 사용되는 재생 PC (Polycarbonate)의 환경개선 효과를 정량화하기 위해 재생 PC와 신재 PC 각 1 kg 생산할 때의 환경영향을 평가하였다. 재생 PC는 신재 PC 대비 자원고갈영향은 30% 수준이며 다른 영향범주에서는 5% 미만으로 잠재적인 환경개선효과가 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 연구에 활용된 주요 데이터 및 가정에 대해 민감도 분석을 수행하였고, 총 12개 항목 분석결과 모든 항목에서 민감도는 10% 미만으로 도출되어 연구 결과의 신뢰도는 높다고 판단된다. 이 연구결과를 통해 충전기의 친환경성 개선을 위해서는 PBA의 소형/경량화 설계, 충전효율의 개선, 재생플라스틱 사용 확대가 전과정 환경영향을 줄이는데 중요한 설계 인자임을 확인하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2005

The purpose of this study were to understand the resident's attitudes toward Ulleung Island and to identify the residents' perception of recreation and the influence of socioeconomic characteristics on their response. In summer of 1999, 222 questioners were obtained from a convenience sample of households within Ulleung Island. The residents perceived both positive and negative environ-recreation and economic impacts, most of the residents supported additional recreation development and disagreed to limit the number of visitors. Their perception of recreation impacts were varied with age, education level, economic dependency on recreation place of residence, and length of residence.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2013

The foot and mouth disease and AI were highly contagious. The virus can be transmitted in a number of ways, including close-contact animal to animal spread, long-distance aerosol spread and fomites, or inanimate objects, typically fodder and motor vehicles. A lot of burial sites were constructed in a short time for preventing the rapid spread of the virus. The carcass burial sites have a risk potential because the sites were constructed without any appropriate and systematic management. It resulted from lacking of time, equipments and man power. The carcass burial sites more than 4,700 constructed in 2011. Approximately 7 million poultry and 3.5 million livestock including head of cattle and swine were buried in farm land. It is time to be concerned if the secondary pollutions occur from the burial sites. The environmental impacts should be analyzed for managing the burial sites effectively and minimizing damages and risks to the environment and human health. This study was to analyze environmental impacts of the process of carcass burial construction using a life cycle assessment methodology. All input data of raw materials and energy usage were collected and the inventory was constructed. The results showed that 1 ton of carcass burial of the environmental impacts were $0.51yr^{-1}$ for ADP, 0.09 kg of 1,4DCB-eq for FAETP, 31.17 kg of $CO_2-eq$ for GWP, 0.04 kg of $C_2H_4-eq$ for POCP, 0.06 kg of $SO_2-eq$ for AP.