• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.171-178
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• 2008

수백여 종의 개별물질이 불완전 연소 혹은 유기물의 열분해로 인해 발생되는 다환방향족 탄화수소(PAHs)는 환경에서 중요한 오염원이 되고 있다. 본 연구는 다양한 바이오마커를 이용하여 수서생태계에 벤조피렌(benzo[a]pyrene)과 같은 다환방향족 탄화수소의 영향을 분석하였고, 이에 대한 통합적 결과 모델을 도출하였다. 즉, 잉어(Cyprinus carpio)를 이용하여 여러 농도의 벤조피렌(3, 12, $34{\mu}g/L$, 측정농도 기준)에 10일간 노출시킨 다음, DNA single-strand break, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), acetylcholine esterase (AChE)와 vitellogenin (VTG)의 농도를 측정하였다. 벤조피렌은 잉어의 DNA 손상을 유도하였고, 낮은 농도에서 EROD와 VTC의 유의적인 활성을 보였으나, 신경전달물질과 관련이 깊은 AChE 효소활성에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이 결과를 star plot를 이용하여 통합 및 분석하였으며, 노출농도에 따른 통합 반응지수(integrated biomarker response value: IBR)로 나타내었다. 이런 다양한 바이오마커의 결과들은 벤조피렌에 대한 어류의 영향과 수생태 모니터링 자료로 이용 가능할 것으로 여겨지며, 통합반응지수는 생태위해성평가에서 유용한 도구로 쓰일 가치가 있는 것으로 평가된다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2008

본 연구에서는, 세리아($CeO_2$), 실리카($SiO_2$) 및 티타늄($TiO_2$) 나노입자의 유전독성과 생태독성 평가를 위하여 바이오 모니터링에 널리 이용되는 수생생태 감시종인 Daphnia magna를 사용하였다. 합성한 나노입자 세리아와 공업적으로 상용되는 실리카 및 티타늄을 유전독성 및 생태독성평가에 이용하였다. 세리아의 경우, D. magna의 DNA의 파괴가 증가함을 통해 세리아의 유전독성 가능성을 확인할 수 있었으나, 실리카 및 티타늄의 경우에는 두 물질 모두 유전독성 영향이 나타나지 않았다. 실리카는 DNA에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 보이나, 실리카에 노출된 D. magna의 사멸은 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 그러나, 티타늄에 노출된 D. magna에서는 유전독성 및 생태독성 인자의 유의적인 변화를 관찰할 수 없었다. 이상의 전체 결과를 통하여 예상할 수 있는 것은 세리아 나노입자가 D. magna에 유전독성을 일으킬 수 있다는 점이다. 이 결과는 나노입자가 광범위하게 이용되고 있으나 독성 관련 자료가 미약한 현재에 수생태 관련 독성 연구 결과로서 이바지 할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.192-204
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• 2018

The name Golovinomyces cynoglossi s. lat. is traditionally applied to a complex of morphologically similar powdery mildews on hosts of the plant family Boraginaceae. The current species-level taxonomy within this complex is ambiguous due to the lack of phylogenetic examinations. The present study applied phylogenetic methods to clarify the taxonomy of G. cynoglossi s. lat. Phylogenetic analysis of rDNA ITS sequences retrieved from Asian, European and North American specimens revealed that G. cynoglossi s. lat. collections from different hosts involved several species in five clearly separated lineages. Clade I consists primarily of Golovinomyces cynoglossi s. str. on Cynoglossum. Clade III consists of Golovinomyces sequences retrieved from the host genera Symphytum and Pulmonaria. The taxa within clade III are now assigned to G. asperifoliorum comb. nov. Clade V encompasses G. cynoglossi s. lat. on the host genera Bothriospermum, Buglossoides, Echium, Myosotis, and Trigonotis. The taxa within clade V are now assigned to G. asperifolii comb. nov. The species concerned in this study were lecto- and epitypified to stabilize their nomenclature.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.666-674
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• 2011

To elucidate genetic diversity of common reed in Korea, we collected a total of 674 common reed plants from 27 regions in South Korea. Hierarchical clustering using 7 morphological traits divided the 27 common reed populations into 7 groups. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) results identified three distinct groups of common reed. Common reed accessions in group I mostly inhabit coastal areas. Group II includes reeds mostly collected from inland areas. Group III consists of common reed accessions collected from inland and coastal areas, suggesting that this group might contain hybrids. In summary, we suggest that parapatric speciation might be an important factor in the genetic diversity of common reed and geographical speciation of common reed that might be also affected by environmental gradients.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

To enhance our understanding of toxicity mediated through the pathway by which TCDD stimulates gene expression, we have investigated genes whose expressions are changed after treatment with TCDD and/or MNNG in human Chang liver cell. First, we treated with MNNG and TCDD for two weeks to transform human Chang liver cell. We obtained cell looks like to be transformed and compared the differential gene expression by using cDNA chip (Macrogen) which carrys genes related with signal transduction pathways, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, etc. We found that TCDD up- or down-regulated 203 and 111 genes including oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in human Chang liver cell two fold or more, respectively. Second, we compared the differential gene expression after treatment with TCDD only by using cDNA chip (Superarray) which carrys genes related with cell cycle regulations, and found that TCDD up regulated genes related with cell proliferation as well as cell growth inhibition in human Chang liver cell two fold or more, respectively. These results suggest that toxicity induced by TCDD may reflect sustained alterations in the expression of many genes and that the changes reflect both direct and indirect effects of TCDD.

• ALGAE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2013

This review provides a comprehensive summary of the PCR primers and profiles currently in use in our laboratory for red algal DNA barcoding and phylogenetic research. While work focuses on florideophyte taxa, many of the markers have been applied successfully to the Bangiales, as well as other lineages previously assigned to the Bangiophyceae sensu lato. All of the primers currently in use with their respective amplification profiles and strategies are provided, which can include full fragment, overlapping fragments and what might best be called "informed overlapping fragments", i.e., a fragment for a marker is amplified and sequenced for a taxon and those sequence data are then used to identify the best primers to amplify the remaining fragment(s) for that marker. We extend this strategy for the more variable markers with sequence from the external PCR primers used to "inform" the selection of internal sequencing primers. This summary will hopefully serve as a useful resource to systematists in the red algal community.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.406-413
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• 2009

The enzyme invertase contributes to sugar unloading, pathogen defense, differentiation and development in plants. We cloned the complete cDNA of a soluble acid invertase from pea seedlings (Pisum sativum) via RT-PCR and the rapid amplification of the cDNA end (RACE) technique. The full-length cDNA of the soluble pea invertase comprised 2237 bp and contained a complete open reading frame encoding 647 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high homology to soluble acid invertases from various plants. Northern blot analysis demonstrated the soluble acid invertase gene of P. sativum was strongly expressed in sink organs such as shoot tips and root tips, and induced by abscisic acid, gibberellic acid and jasmonic acid in shoots. Especially, gibberellic acid enhanced the gene expression of the soluble acid invertase in a time-dependent manner. This study presents that the gene expression patterns of a soluble acid invertase from pea are strongly consistent with the suggestion that individual invertase gene product has different functions in the growing plant.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 1990

The effects of aphidicolin (APC), 2`,3`-dideoxythymidine 5`-triphosphate (ddTTP), and novobiocin (NOV) on the frequencies of chromosome aberrations induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) or bleomycin (BLM) were examined in synchronized Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K$_1$ cells. The cells were synchronized by the thymidine double block method. APC, ddTTP and NOV alone did not affect the frequencies of chromosome aberrations. The cells in late G$_1$ and early S phases were sensitive to the induction of chromosome aberrations by EMS, wherase cells in G$_2$ phase were most sensitive to chromosme aberration by BLM.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2004

In an attempt to analyze the characteristics of domestic pathogenic strains of S. pneumoniae, the basic epidemiological charactristics of pathogenic strains such as their serotypes and frequency of penicillin resistance, and pattern of chromosomal DNA from PFGE(pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) were observed. For this study,56 strains of S. pneumoniae isolated from inpatients and outpatients in the four domestic university hospitals were collected from January to December in 1998. Among those strains, a total of 56 pathogenic strains from blood(39 isolates), cerebrospinal fluid(8 isolates) and other specimen(9 isolates) were selected and isolated. The penicillin resistance frequency of those 56 strains was identified with disk diffusion method with 66.1％. From the invasive strains, predominant serotypes were isolated in the order of 19F(12.5％), 23F(10.7%), 14(10.7%) and 9V(10.7％), totalling 45 percent. This experiment also used PFGE patterns to compare the correlations among genetic subtypes in several serotypes. The DNA fragments digested with Sma I and Apa I were resolved by PFGE. The PFGE patterns digested with Sma I were better than Apa I for analysis. In the DNA fragments digested with Sma 1, PFGE analysis of 56 S. pneumoniae isolates showed 25 different patterns. As a result, serotype was on the whole correlated to PFGE pattern on the ground that each different PFGE pattern by serotype was observed. This study can be utilized not only fur the study of incidence trend of domestic pneumococcal diseases but also as a useful basic data for the development of identification tool and treatment.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1998

Transgenic animal and cell line models which are recently developed and used in toxicology fields combined with molecular biological technique, are powerful tools to study the mechanism of mutation in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Transgenic models, which have exogenous DNA incorporated into their genome, carry recoverable shuttle vector containing reporter genes to assess endogenous effects or alteration in specific genes related to disease processes. The lac I and lac Z gnee most widely used as a mutational target in transgenic systems. The assay is performed by treatment with putative mutagenic agents, isolation of genomic DNA from cells or tissues, exposure the isolated DNA to in vitro packaging extract, plating and sequencing. The results from these processes provide not only mutant frequency as quantitative evaluation but also mutational spectrum as qualitative evaluation of various agents. Therefore we introduce and review the principle, detailed procedure and application of transgenic mutagenesis assay system in toxicology fields especially in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.