• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.85-88
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• 2012

Lately, the scale of the primary energy consumption in Korea is ranked 10th in the world, and it takes up about 1.9% of the entire energy consumption in the world. And among total energy consumption in Korea, the ratio of the part corresponding to the residence or commercial buildings is about 30.5%. Also, with the increased interest in eco-friendly buildings, the production of eco-friendly building materials consisting of them also increases as well. However, since the process of their production generates much energy consumption, so this is being raised as a social problem. Therefore, this study suggests a method to improve thermal performance by using eco-friendly earth plastering materials and natural materials in order to reduce energy consumption in buildings. The experiment evaluated thermal performance by measuring the external and internal temperature of the curing after the plastering of 1cm in the wooden box of 30cm * 30cm * 30cm. As a result, there was difference in the order of powdered coal, pealite, chaff, and rice straw. Among them, powdered coal indicated excellent thermal performance. This will be the foundational research used to improve interior environment and reduce heating bills.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.235-251
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• 2016

After carrying out on-the-spot observation targeting each farmhouse of large-scale environment-friendly agricultural district (LEAD), Suncheon, Sancheong, Jangheung, Yeongam, Hamyang, Okcheon, and Jeongseon in 2015, only one LEAD, a farmhouse in Jangheung had used sustainable compost coming out under their own non-antibiotic livestock. The soil pH and EC at a depth of 0-20 cm in the seven LEADs were ranged between 5.3-6.6 and $0.4-1.2dS\;m^{-1}$, respectively, with 0.03- 0.27% for T-N concentration, $22-322mg\;kg^{-1}$ for P, and $0.05-0.29mg\;kg^{-1}$, which were, in particular, low a farmhouse in Jeongseon. When intensively surveying on each farmhouse of Suncheon, Jangheung, and Okcheon for a growing period, seasonal soil pH was maintained above 6.0 and high in a farmhouse in Okcheon, with similar soil EC observed among the three LEADs. Seasonal soil T-N was 0.1% higher on the farmhouse in Suncheon than other two LEADs, with higher seasonal soil P observed on the farmhouse in Okcheon and higher soil K in the Jangheung. T-N concentration in rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops was the highest in Jangheung, and concentrations of T-N, P, and K decreased in a season. Plant height and number of tillers per hill were the highest on the farmhouse in Okcheon, where was similar or low plant diameter and SPAD levels compared to other two LEADs. Dry weight (DW) before harvest was ranged between 52-63 g, and DW, rough rice yield (kg), brown rice/rough rice (%), brown rice yield (kg), head rice (%), and broken rice (%) were not significantly different among the three LEADs. Total annual gross production ha-1 was the highest on the farmhouse in Okcheon (16,230,000 won) planting with high class of variety, 'Milky queen' at early maturation, which was expected to be increased on an agricultural income. However, high amount of fertilizer was applied for growing the following crops on the farmhouse in Okcheon, affecting the highest balance of T-N, P, and K more than $200kg\;ha^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 2005

Diseases were surveyed in 5 Rice paddy field areas of Organic paddy field and conventional paddy field. The 3 major diseases, rice leaf blast, bacterial leaf blight and sheath blight in rice were surveyed at duck raising, rice bran and conventional rice paddy field. They were serious in duck raising paddy field, rice bran paddy field more than conventional paddy field. The Ilpum variety were infected seriously more than Chucheong. At the effectivity test of the environment-friendly substance for the rice-seed sterilization, 1000-times diluted brown-rice vinegar showed controlling effect against Bakanae disease, and germination rate also was good. There was no Weeds Control efficacy by cultivating of hairy vetch in rice paddy field. However, extract of hairy vetch Leaf and root repressed the germinating of lettuce seed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.220-221
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• 2006

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

Rape residue as green manure is an emerging alternative of chemical fertilizer to improve soil quality and crop productivity. Objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of rape residue as green manure on reduction of chemical fertilizer and suppression of weed occurrence in rice-rape double cropping system. Greenhouse experiment was conducted with four treatments: the combination of rape residue and three different N application rates (0, 30 and 70% of recommended application rate (7.8 kg N $10a^{-1}$)) and 100% chemical fertilizer as a control. No difference in rice clum length was observed for all treatments, while panicle length was highest in a treatment of rape residue+70% chemical fertilizer (Rape+70%CF). In addition, rice grain weight at a Rape+70%CF treatment increased by 19% compared to the control. This treatment also reduced weed density and biomass by 58 and 53%, respectively, compared to the control. Our results suggest that use of rape residues as green manure is an environment friendly and effective way to reduce chemical fertilizer and to enhance crop productivity in rice-rape double cropping system in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.336-336
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• 2017

High mortality and slow growth of seedling generally occurred in tray due to cold, foggy weather and severe seedling blight. Mechanical transplanting is hampered, farmers having economic loss. A sustainable method for raising mat type seedling is necessary. Experiments were conducted on disease control and seedling growth in dry seasons. Fungicides treated/untreated seeds were sown 120-130g in each tray containing pulverized fine grain loam/sandy loam soils. Seed covered with a thin layer of soil and irrigated. It was polythene covered (PC) for 72h and then every night along with 2/3 sprinkler irrigation (SI) per day. Untreated seedlings infected 53-93%. Pyraclostrobin, Azoxystrobin and Azoxystrobin+Difeconazole treated seeds/sprayed (72h) seedlings had no disease. Seedling height was 11.7-13.2 cm with compact and thick root mat at 25 days. Seeds treated at 0.2-0.3% (18-20h) showed no disease but severely in untreated seeds in all locations. Seedling height (13.8 cm), leaf age (3.7) and root number (8.5) were better when NPK were applied at 3-4-3 g/tray. Spraying of urea (1%) in addition with MOP, theovit and $ZnSo_4$ at 0.6-0.6-0.2% on 7 and $15^{th}$ days was also effective. PC showed significant growth (29.1-34.5%). Root mat was not good in flooded irrigation (FI). Disease was higher in SI (66.7-97.3%) than FI (0.7-3.7%) in untreated seeds regardless of polythene use. The protocol would be effective for raising mat type seedling in cold environment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: With increasing public awareness to environment-friendly agriculture, many efforts have been run to develop organic farming technologies in Korea as of late 90s. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different organic farming practices on soil chemical properties and water quality in paddy fields. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were monitored for a two-year period (2006 to 2007) from the study organic paddy fields located in Wan-ju, Jeonbuk Province in Korea. TN and TP of organic paddy water were gradually increased for 2~3 weeks after organic manure application and then gradually decreased afterward. The overall variation of TP in the paddy fields was much greater than that of TN. The phosphorus content in organic paddy field appeared to increase with the organic farming period. CONCLUSION(s): This indicates that long-term organic farming is likely to cause phosphorus accumulation in soils and increase vulnerability to rainfall runoff. Thus, appropriate phosphorus management needs to be implemented, particularly, to reduce excessive phosphorus supply owing to nitrogen-based determination of organic manure application amount.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.139-150
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• 2011

The effects of the high pressure and the high temperature digesting process with water on the properties of rice hull were investigated in this work. Two temperature condition such as $160^{\circ}C$ and $180^{\circ}C$ and thee treatment time such as 15 min, 30 min and 45 min were applied for this treatment. The pH of extract after the digestion process decreased as the temperature and the treatment time of the digestion were increased. The ash content and lignin content were not decreased by the the digestion. The structure of rice hull after digestion treatment became more weak, the better efficiency of the fiberization with PFI-Mill was shown for the digestion treated rice hull with the higher temperature and the longer treatment time.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.366-377
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• 2019

Paddy wetlands are a critical habitat for a variety of wild animals, and their rapid development and environmental changes pose a threat to the conservation of agrobiodiversity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the habitat characteristics of anuran inhabiting paddy wetlands and identify major environmental variables affecting their distributions. The study was conducted in the Daeho reclaimed area in Dangjin, from March to October 2018. In this study, we found three anuran species (Pelophylax nigromaculatus, Hyla japonica and Pelophylax chosenicus). The environmental factors affecting the three species were identified as air temperature, humidity, water-depth, and micro-habitats. H. japonica were affected by water temperature, and P. chosenicus were affected by rice height and types of farming practices. All the three species richness was correlated with air temperature, humidity, and water-depth positively, and the three species used rice transplanted paddy fields the most. It was also found that paddy is the most preferred of the micro-habitats during the breeding season, so the survey area is considered to be used as the major breeding sites for the three species. P. chosenicus were more observed on environmental-friendly paddy fields than conventional paddy fields, which appears to be differences in their surroundings environment caused by predators and weeding. It will be needed to identify their relationship with predators, their preferred food resources and the richness and diversity of wild vegetation around paddy wetlands.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2010

The agricultural techniques of environmental friendly using the green manure crops have been required recently more to have the safety agricultural products and to reduce the use of fertilizers and agricultural chemicals. The utilization of green manure crops related closely to cropping system would be very important. The purposes of this study are both to investigate the effects of green manure crops of hairy vetch, legume, and rye, gramineae, and to compare the effects between them in rice cultivation. The hairy vetch and rye were treated as green manure crops into paddy soil at 10 days before the rice transplanting. The plant height was increased gradually from the maximum tillering to the heading growth stage, showing that it was the highest with treatment of conventional cultivation in 2007 and the highest with hairy vetch in 2008. The number of tillers was higher with treatment of hairy vetch and hairy vetch+rye than those with the conventional cultivation. Dry weight was also higher with hairy vetch than that with the conventional, while it was lower clearly in rye than those in hairy vetch and conventional. According to the high tilller number and spikelet number per panicle out of the yield components relatively, the yield of rough rice was increased to about 6% and 8% in 2007 and 2008, respectively, comparing with the yield in the conventional cultivation. Based on these results, the hairy vetch would be a good green manure crop in rice cultivation.