• Title/Summary/Keyword: environment units

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Estimation Model for Freight of Container Ships using Deep Learning Method (딥러닝 기법을 활용한 컨테이너선 운임 예측 모델)

  • Kim, Donggyun;Choi, Jung-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.574-583
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    • 2021
  • Predicting shipping markets is an important issue. Such predictions form the basis for decisions on investment methods, fleet formation methods, freight rates, etc., which greatly affect the profits and survival of a company. To this end, in this study, we propose a shipping freight rate prediction model for container ships using gated recurrent units (GRUs) and long short-term memory structure. The target of our freight rate prediction is the China Container Freight Index (CCFI), and CCFI data from March 2003 to May 2020 were used for training. The CCFI after June 2020 was first predicted according to each model and then compared and analyzed with the actual CCFI. For the experimental model, a total of six models were designed according to the hyperparameter settings. Additionally, the ARIMA model was included in the experiment for performance comparison with the traditional analysis method. The optimal model was selected based on two evaluation methods. The first evaluation method selects the model with the smallest average value of the root mean square error (RMSE) obtained by repeating each model 10 times. The second method selects the model with the lowest RMSE in all experiments. The experimental results revealed not only the improved accuracy of the deep learning model compared to the traditional time series prediction model, ARIMA, but also the contribution in enhancing the risk management ability of freight fluctuations through deep learning models. On the contrary, in the event of sudden changes in freight owing to the effects of external factors such as the Covid-19 pandemic, the accuracy of the forecasting model reduced. The GRU1 model recorded the lowest RMSE (69.55, 49.35) in both evaluation methods, and it was selected as the optimal model.

Design of detection method for smoking based on Deep Neural Network (딥뉴럴네트워크 기반의 흡연 탐지기법 설계)

  • Lee, Sanghyun;Yoon, Hyunsoo;Kwon, Hyun
    • Convergence Security Journal
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.191-200
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    • 2021
  • Artificial intelligence technology is developing in an environment where a lot of data is produced due to the development of computing technology, a cloud environment that can store data, and the spread of personal mobile phones. Among these artificial intelligence technologies, the deep neural network provides excellent performance in image recognition and image classification. There have been many studies on image detection for forest fires and fire prevention using such a deep neural network, but studies on detection of cigarette smoking were insufficient. Meanwhile, military units are establishing surveillance systems for various facilities through CCTV, and it is necessary to detect smoking near ammunition stores or non-smoking areas to prevent fires and explosions. In this paper, by reflecting experimentally optimized numerical values such as activation function and learning rate, we did the detection of smoking pictures and non-smoking pictures in two cases. As experimental data, data was constructed by crawling using pictures of smoking and non-smoking published on the Internet, and a machine learning library was used. As a result of the experiment, when the learning rate is 0.004 and the optimization algorithm Adam is used, it can be seen that the accuracy of 93% and F1-score of 94% are obtained.

A Study on the Estimation of the Minimum Buoyancy for the Respiration of a Drowning Person (익수자의 호흡이 가능한 최소 부력 추정에 관한 연구)

  • Yim, Jeong-Bin;Park, Deuk-Jin;Kang, Yu Mi
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.23 no.7
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    • pp.820-828
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    • 2017
  • Tools and equipment that can provide buoyancy for a drowning person are important for saving lives. The purpose of this study was to estimate the minimum amount of gas needed and the buoyancy value in newton units required to generate the minimum buoyancy determined to be sufficient for keeping the head of a drowning person above the water's surface to allow for respiration for at least 1 minute. A buoyancy experiment was carried out with a long rubber balloon injected with carbon dioxide gas, and a buoyancy measurement experiment was performed on six college students. The degree of buoyancy was measured using a 5-point scale, and the statistical value of the measured data was analyzed to estimate minimum buoyancy. As a result, 8 grams of carbon dioxide were determined to satisfy minimum buoyancy conditions with a confidence level of 72%, and buoyancy was calculated to be 44.66 newtons. 12 grams of carbon dioxide met the minimum buoyancy conditions with a confidence level of 100%, and buoyancy was calculated to be 66.99 newtons. This study is expected to contribute to the development of low cost, easy-to-carry minimum buoyancy aids.

A Study on the Method of Computing Standard Wartime Maintenance Man-Hour Incorporating Wartime Maintenance Condition (전장 정비환경을 고려한 전시 표준정비인시 산출방안 연구)

  • Kim, Min-Hyuk
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.477-483
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    • 2021
  • In a military maintenance system, the standard maintenance man-hour of weapon systems is a tool to estimate the maintenance capabilities of maintenance units, provide standards for determining the maintenance needs and workload, and provide basic data for establishing a maintenance plan. The standard maintenance man-hours of major weapon systems have already been derived and used, but the standard maintenance man-hour in a wartime maintenance environment has not been computed. Therefore, the standard wartime maintenance man-hours need to be derived and This study proposes a process and method of computing the maintenance man-hours. In addition, this work suggests the criteria of collecting and screening data that is necessary for estimating the standard maintenance man-hours and introduces a methodology for analyzing the characteristics of maintenance man-hour distribution in the process. The proposed process first designs a model that reflects the wartime maintenance environment, selects statistical techniques, collects maintenance data, analyzes the descriptive statistics, estimates the distribution, and finally presents representative values of maintenance man-hour. Based on the proposed method, the standard wartime maintenance man-hours of the four weapon systems were calculated, and the distribution of the maintenance man-hours was analyzed to follow a lognormal distribution, and the method presented reliable results.

A Study on Residence Experiences of Elderly Living in Long-Term Care Facilities (노인요양시설 노인의 시설 거주경험에 관한 연구)

  • Cha, Sooyoun;Hur, Junsoo
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.808-823
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    • 2021
  • This study was conducted to explore the experience and its meaning of the elderly residents in long-term care facilities(LTCFs). It is aimed to find the role of family and society for the qualitative care of elderly living in LTCF and to seek social welfare measures. For this purpose, qualitative research data was collected by conducting in-depth interviews and participation observations on 8 elderly residents at 4 LTCFs in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi Province. The collected data were analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological research method. The analysis results show that 33 semantic units, 14 subcomponents, and 4 upper components. The 4 upper components showed up as 「Crumbling my existence」, 「The life thrown into an unfamiliar environment」, 「New relationship where discomfort and gratitude coexist」 and 「My life I want to find」. Among them, 「My life I want to find」 was the essence of the living experiences of elderly residents in LTCF. Through this study, it was suggested creating an environment to provide facilities access preparation program for the elderly, developing and activating various family participation programs, providing conditions of Aging in place for the elderly, and developing and activating community resource linkage programs.

Assessment of the Structural Collapse Behavior of Between Offshore Supply Vessel and Leg in the Jack-up Drilling Rig (잭업드릴링 리그의 레그와 작업 지원선 충돌에 의한 구조붕괴 거동 평가)

  • Park, Joo-Shin;Seo, Jung-Kwan
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.601-609
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    • 2022
  • Jack-up drilling rigs are mobile offshore platforms widely used in the offshore oil and gas exploration industry. These are independent, three-legged, self-elevating units with a cantilevered drilling facility for drilling and production. A typical jack-up rig includes a triangular hull, a tower derrick, a cantilever, a jackcase, living quarters and legs which comprise three-chord, open-truss, X-braced structure with a spudcan. Generally, jack-up rigs can only operate in water depths ranging from 130m to 170m. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for jack-up rigs for operating at deeper water levels and harsher environmental conditions such as waves, currents and wind loads. All static and dynamic loads are supported through legs in the jack-up mode. The most important issue by society is to secure the safety of the leg structure against collision that causes large instantaneous impact energy. In this study, nonlinear FE -analysis and verification of the requirement against collision for 35MJ recommended by DNV was performed using LS-Dyna software. The colliding ship used a 7,500ton of shore supply vessel, and five scenarios of collisions were selected. From the results, all conditions do not satisfy the class requirement of 35MJ. The loading conditions associated with chord collision are reasonable collision energy of 15M and brace collisions are 6MJ. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the identical collision criteria by DNV need to be modified based on collision scenarios and colliding members.

Review of Operation Concept and System Requirements for Shore Remote Control Simulator System for MASS (자율운항선박 육상원격제어 시뮬레이터 시스템 운용개념 및 시스템 요구기능 분석)

  • GONG, In-Young;KIM, Yong-Hwan;KIM, Seong-Moo;YOUN, Ik-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.937-945
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    • 2022
  • Maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) have a high degree of autonomy and operate autonomously along a planned route. However, when necessary, the shore remote control center(SRCC) can directly intervene in ship operations. In this paper, the operation concept of the simulator system, which can be used to educate and train shore remote control officers, responsible for monitoring the operation of autonomous ships on land and remotely controlling them in case of an emergency, is reviewed. The required functions of the simulator system that enables the operation concept are also reviewed. The major parts of the SRCC simulator system are the monitoring station and control station, which simulate the functions of monitoring the operation status of multiple MASS and the functions of the remote operation of MASS in the case of emergency, respectively. Various units to simulate the operation of MASS and traf ic ships and various objects around the MASS are included in the simulator system. The instructor operation station is the central part of the simulator system that integrates and controls the unit systems. Functionally, as conditions under which SRCC is allowed to remotely intervene in the operation of MASS, the emergency situation for remote control (ESRC) has been defined. Moreover, the required functions to cope with these ESRC conditions have been included in the simulator system requirements.

Study on Changes of Street Furniture in Digital Environment (디지털 환경에서 가로시설물의 변화에 관한 연구)

  • In, Chiho;Kim, Hyunsoo
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.28 no.1D
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    • pp.129-136
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    • 2008
  • Along with the development in cutting-edge digital technology, the street space is also being changed. Mobile telecommunication units and internet give a big change in a human being's lifestyle. And the ubiquitous computing is proceeding with expanding its application range from the indoor space to the street space. As the street furniture is the convenient facility that allows a human being's life in street space to be abundant, it is getting advanced. First of all, in terms of such phenomenon, this study analyzed the cases of a research on application of street space and the actual condition of a change in the number of individuals for the street furniture, through a literature research of ubiquitous. Also, it researched into the realities of using the street furniture of the walking-desired streets at Daehac-ro and Hongdae district, where are two representative places related to digital generation. The next was carried out FGI (Focus Group Interview) with users of the street space in front of Hongik University and managers of the street furniture, and was researched into the use & management behavior, and recognition level on the street furniture. Thus, the key elements were extracted such as interchange of information for cultural activities, automation for interaction variability in function. Finally the core elements for future vision of street furniture in this digital era were extracted in 3I, namely, Information, Intellectualization, and Integration. This is considered to be applied to the establishment of direction in the process of high-tech digitalization in street furniture related to information hereafter.

Plant Species Richness in Korea Utilizing Integrated Biological Survey Data (생물기초조사 통합자료를 활용한 우리나라 식물종 풍부도 분석)

  • Seungbum Hong;Jieun Oh;Jaegyu Cha;Kyungeun Lee
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.56 no.4
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    • pp.363-374
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    • 2023
  • The limitation in deriving the species richness representing the entire country of South Korea lies in its relatively short history of species field observations and the scattered observation data, which has been collected by various organizations in different fields. In this study, a comprehensive compilation of the observation data for plants held by agencies under the Ministry of Environment was conducted, enabling the construction of a time series dataset spanning over 100 years. The data integration was carried out using minimal criteria such as species name, observed location, and time (year) followed by data verification and correction processes. Based on the integrated plant species data, the comprehensive collection of plant species in South Korea has occurred predominantly since 2000, and the number of plant species explored through these surveys appears to be converging recently. The collection of species survey data necessary for deriving national-level biodiversity information has recently begun to meet the necessary conditions. Applying the Chao 2 method, the species richness of indigenous plants estimated at 3,182.6 for the 70-year period since 1951. A minimum cumulative period of 7 years is required for this estimation. This plant species richness from this study can be a baseline to study future changes in species richness in South Korea. Moreover, the integrated data with the estimation method for species richness used in this study appears to be applicable to derive regional biodiversity indices such as for local government units as well.

Lithologic and Structural Controls and Geochemistry of Uranium Deposition in the Ogcheon Black-Slate Formation (옥천대(沃川帶) 우라늄광층(鑛層)의 구조규제(構造規制) 및 지구화학적(地球化學的) 특성연구(特性硏究))

  • Lee, Dai Sung;Yun, Suckew;Lee, Jong Hyeog;Kim, Jeong Taeg
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.19 no.spc
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    • pp.19-41
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    • 1986
  • Structural, radioactive, petrological, petrochemical, mineralogical and stable isotopic study as well as the review of previous studies of the uranium-bearing slates in the Ogcheon sequence were carried out to examine the lithological and structural controls, and geochemical environment in the uranium deposition in the sequence. And the study was extended to the coal-bearing formation (Jangseong Series-Permian) to compare the geochemical and sedimentologic aspects of uranium chemistry between Ogcheon and Hambaegsan areas. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The uranium mineralization occurs in the carbonaceous black slates of the middle to lower Guryongsan formation and its equivalents in the Ogcheon sequence. In general, two or three uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds are found with about 1 to 1.5km stratigraphic interval and they extend from Chungju to Jinsan for 90km in distance, with intermittent igneous intrusions and structural Jisturbances. Average thickness of the beds ranges from 20 to 1,500m. 2. These carbonaceous slate beds were folded by a strong $F_1$-fold and were refolded by subsequent $F_1$-fold, nearly co-axial with the $F_1$, resulting in a repeated occurrence of similar slate. The carbonaceous beds were swelled in hing zones and were shrinked or thined out in limb by the these foldings. Minor faulting and brecciation of the carbonaceous beds were followed causing metamorphism of these beds and secondary migration and alteration of uranium minerals and their close associations. 3. Uranium-rich zones with high radioactive anomalies are found in Chungju, Deogpyong-Yongyuri, MiwonBoun, Daejeon-Geumsan areas in the range of 500~3,700 cps (corresponds to 0.017~0.087%U). These zones continue along strike of the beds for several tens to a few hundred meters but also discontinue with swelling and pinches at places that should be analogously developed toward underground in their vertical extentions. The drilling surveyings in those area, more than 120 holes, indicate that the depth-frequency to uranium rich bed ranging 40~160 meter is greater. 4. The features that higher radioactive anomalies occur particularly from the carbonaceous beds among the argillaceous lithologic units, are well demonstrated on the cross sections of the lithology and radioactive values of the major uranium deposits in the Ogcheon zone. However, one anomalous radioactive zone is found in a l:ornfels bed in Samgoe, near Daejeon city. This is interpreted as a thermal metamorphic effect by which original uranium contents in the underlying black slate were migrated into the hornfels bed. 5. Principal minerals of the uranium-bearing black slates are quartz, sericite, biotite and chlorite, and as to chemical composition of the black slates, $Al_2O_3$ contents appear to be much lower than the average values by its clarke suggesting that the Changri basin has rather proximal to its source area. 6. The uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds contain minor amounts of phosphorite minerals, pyrite, pyrrhotite and other sulfides but not contain iron oxides. Vanadium. Molybdenum, Barium, Nickel, Zirconium, Lead, Cromium and fixed Carbon, and some other heavy metals appear to be positive by correlative with uranium in their concentrations, suggesting a possibility of their genetic relationships. The estimated pH and Eh of the slate suggests an euxenic marine to organic-rich saline water environment during uranium was deposited in the middle part of Ogcheon zone. 7. The Carboniferous shale of Jangseong Series(Sadong Series) of Permian in Hambaegsan area having low radioactivity and in fluvial to beach deposits is entirely different in geochemical property and depositional environment from the middle part of Ogcheon zone, so-called "Pibanryong-Type Ogcheon Zone". 8. Synthesizing various data obtained by several aspects of research on uranium mineralization in the studied sequence, it is concluded that the processes of uranium deposition were incorporated with rich organic precipitation by which soluble uranyl ions, $U{_2}^{+{+}}$ were organochemically complexed and carried down to the pre-Ogcheon sea bottoms formed in transitional environment, from Red Sea type basin to Black Sea type basin. Decomposition of the organic matter under reducing conditions to hydrogen sulfide, which reduced the $UO{_2}^{+2}$ ions to the insoluble uranium dioxide($UO_2$), on the other side the heavy metals are precipitated as sulfides. 9. The EPMA study on the identification of uraninite and others and the genetic interpretation of uranium bearing slates by isotopic values of this work are given separately by Yun, S. in 1984.

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