• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.184-195
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to characterize the relationship between parental stress and nurses' communication as perceived by parents of high-risk newborns in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: The participants were 54 parents of high-risk newborns in a NICU. Data were collected from January to March 2018. Parental stress and parents' perceptions of nurses' communication ability and styles were measured using a questionnaire. Results: The average scores for parental stress and nurses' communication ability were 3.39 and 4.38 respectively, on a 5-point scale. Parents most commonly reported that nurses showed a friendly communication style, followed by informative and authoritative styles. Mothers and fathers reported significantly different levels of parental stress. Parental stress showed a negative correlation with nurses' perceived verbal communication ability. Higher scores for nurses' verbal communication ability and for friendly and informative communication styles were associated with lower parental stress induced by the environment, the baby's appearance and behaviors, and treatments in the NICU. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that nurses need to offer proper information for parents and to support parents by encouraging them to express their emotions of stress and by providing parents with therapeutic communication and opportunities to participate in care.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate incidence of delirium in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to analyze associated risk factors. Methods: The participants were 95 patients, newborn to 18 years, who were admitted to the PICU. The instruments used were the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), and the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium. Data analysis was performed using the descriptive, $x^2$ test, t-test, and logistic regression analyses. Results: The incidence of delirium in children admitted to the PICU was 42.1%. There were significant differences according to age ($x^2=14.10$, p=.007), admission type ($x^2=7.40$, p=.007), use of physical restraints ($x^2=26.11$, p<.001), RASS score ($x^2=14.80$, p=.001), need for oxygen ($x^2=5.31$, p=.021), use of a mechanical device ($x^2=9.97$, p=.041), feeding ($x^2=7.85$, p=.005), and the presence of familiar objects ($x^2=29.21$, p<.001). Factors associated with the diagnosis of delirium were the use of physical restraint (odds ratio [OR]=13.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]=4.16~45.95, p<.001) and the presence of familiar objects (OR=0.09, 95% CI=0.03~0.30, p=.002). Conclusion: Periodic delirium assessments and intervention should be actively performed. The use of restraints should be minimized if possible. The caregiver should surround the child with familiar objects and ensure a friendly hospital environment that is appropriate for the child.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2018

In this work, a hardware based cryptographic module for the cyber security of nuclear power plant is developed using a system engineering approach. Nuclear power plants are isolated from the Internet, but as shown in the case of Iran, Man-in-the-middle attacks (MITM) could be a threat to the safety of the nuclear facilities. This FPGA-based module does not have an operating system and it provides protection as a firewall and mitigates the cyber threats. The encryption equipment consists of an encryption module, a decryption module, and interfaces for communication between modules and systems. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)-128, which is formally approved as top level by U.S. National Security Agency for cryptographic algorithms, is adopted. The development of the cyber security module is implemented in two main phases: reverse engineering and re-engineering. In the reverse engineering phase, the cyber security plan and system requirements are analyzed, and the AES algorithm is decomposed into functional units. In the re-engineering phase, we model the logical architecture using Vitech CORE9 software and simulate it with the Enhanced Functional Flow Block Diagram (EFFBD), which confirms the performance improvements of the hardware-based cryptographic module as compared to software based cryptography. Following this, the Hardware description language (HDL) code is developed and tested to verify the integrity of the code. Then, the developed code is implemented on the FPGA and connected to the personal computer through Recommended Standard (RS)-232 communication to perform validation of the developed component. For the future work, the developed FPGA based encryption equipment will be verified and validated in its expected operating environment by connecting it to the Advanced power reactor (APR)-1400 simulator.

• 전자통신동향분석
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2021

The Ministry of National Defense aims to create an environment in which transparent and reasonable defense policies can be implemented in real time by establishing the vision of smart defense innovation based on the Fourth Industrial Revolution and promoting innovation in technology-based defense operation systems. Artificial intelligence (AI) based defense technology is at the level of basic research worldwide, includes no domestic tasks, and involves classified military operation data and command control/decision information. Further, it is needed to secure independent technologies specialized for our military. In the army, military power continues to decline due to aging and declining population. In addition, it is expected that there will be more than 500,000 units should be managed simultaneously, to recognize the battle situation in real time on the future battlefields. Such a complex battlefield, command decisions will be limited by the experience and expertise of individual commanders. Accordingly, the study of AI core technologies supporting real-time combat command is actively pursued at home and abroad. It is necessary to strengthen future defense capabilities by identifying potential threats that commanders are likely to miss, improving the viability of the combat system, ensuring smart commanders always win conflicts and providing reasonable AI digital staff based on data science. This paper describes the recent research trends in AI military staff technology supporting commander decision-making, broken down into five key areas.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.588-594
• /
• 2021

미국 국가안보국에서 개발된 경량 블록암호 SIMON은 하드웨어 구현에 최적화 된 블록암호 군으로서, 여러 환경에서 효율적으로 동작할 수 있도록 많은 입·출력 규격을 제공한다. 블록암호 카운터 운용모드는 블록암호의 입력 규격보다 더 큰 평문을 암호화할 수 있도록 제공되는 운용모드 중 하나이다. 카운터 운용모드는 입력 값으로 상수 값인 논스와 블록의 번호인 카운터를 사용한다. 이때 논스 부분은 모든 블록이 동일하기 때문에, 다른 상수 값과 연산한다면 항상 동일한 연산 결과를 가진다. 이 특징을 활용한다면 일부 값을 사전 연산하여 라운드 함수의 일부분을 생략하는 것이 가능하다. 일반적인 상황에서 SIMON의 입력 값은 카운터에 영향을 받으나, 8-bit 환경에서는 8-bit 단위로 연산이 되기에 고속 구현이 가능한 부분이 존재한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 연산 생략이 가능한 지점을 중점적으로 확인하고 기존 SIMON 구현물과 성능 비교를 통해 제안하는 기법의 우수성을 확인한다.

• 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회논문지
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.7-18
• /
• 2018

최근 마이크로서비스를 기반으로 애플리케이션 개발을 지원하는 서버리스 컴퓨팅이 각광 받고 있다. 마이크로서비스란 독립적으로 동작 가능한 작은 규모의 서비스를 의미한다. 마이크로서비스 단위로 구성된 애플리케이션은 개별적인 업데이트와 쉽고 빠른 배포가 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 그리고 각 서비스마다 다양한 언어와 플랫폼 등을 지원할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 따라서 많은 기업들이 모놀리식 구조에서 마이크로서비스 구조로 전환을 시도하고 있지만 마이크로서비스 구성에 대한 방법 및 기준과 이에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 모놀리식 애플리케이션의 UML 설계 자료를 분석하여 마이크로서비스 단위로 구성하는 방법을 제시한다. 구성된 마이크로서비스를 실제 서버리스 플랫폼 환경에서 구현함으로서 제시한 방법이 모놀리식 애플리케이션을 마이크로서비스 단위로 재구성할 수 있음을 보이며 기존 관련 연구와 비교 평가를 수행한 결과를 제시한다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제58권5호
• /
• pp.537-542
• /
• 2020

Cockroaches inhabit various habitats, which will influence their microbiome. Although the microbiome can be influenced by the diet and environmental factors, it can also differ between species. Therefore, we conducted 16S rDNA-targeted high-throughput sequencing to evaluate the overall bacterial composition of the microbiomes of 3 cockroach species, Periplaneta americana, P. japonica, and P. fuliginosa, raised in laboratory for several generations under the same conditions. The experiments were conducted using male adult cockroaches. The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was not significantly different among the 3 species. With regard to the Shannon and Pielou indexes, higher microbiome values were noted in P. americana than in P. japonica and P. fuliginosa. Microbiome composition was also evaluated, with endosymbionts accounting for over half of all OTUs in P. japonica and P. fuliginosa. Beta diversity analysis further showed that P. japonica and P. fuliginosa had similar microbiome composition, which differed from that of P. americana. However, we also identified that P. japonica and P. fuliginosa host distinct OTUs. Thus, although microbiome compositions may vary based on multiple conditions, it is possible to identify distinct microbiome compositions among different Periplaneta cockroach species, even when the individuals are reared under the same conditions.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제20권12호
• /
• pp.250-265
• /
• 2020

N-Screen 환경에서 HTML5 표준 기반 콘텐츠 개발은 필연적이다. 그러나 높은 개발 비용과 개발 인프라 부족 등의 이유로 HTML5 조작형 콘텐츠 개발은 소극적이다. 이에 동영상, 오디오와 같은 멀티미디어 콘텐츠를 동적 조작 구현이 가능한 HTML5와 융합하여 사용자와 상호작용이 가능한 효율적인 콘텐츠 개발 모형을 제안하고자 한다. 제안 모형은 통합 제어용 플레이어를 포함한 HTML5 레이아웃 내에 멀티미디어와 iframe(inline frame) 영역을 구분 배치하도록 설계하였다. 상호작용형 HTML5 문서들은 화면 단위로 나누어 작성하여 iframe을 통하여 제공된다. HTML5의

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제24권9호
• /
• pp.1187-1192
• /
• 2020

드론봇 전투체계는 4차산업혁명에서 미래 전장의 대표적인 모델이다. 드론봇에서 무인정찰 탱크로봇은 인간보다 더 높은 전투력으로 인명 피해를 최소화하며 비용을 절감할 수 있다. 그러나 전장 환경은 장애물, 적 상황 등 매우 복잡하므로 탱크로봇을 조종사가 제어 할 필요도 있다. 탱크로봇은 ICT 신기술의 로봇으로서 해킹 공격이 가능하며, 제어에 이상이 생기면 조종 및 통제에 위협을 줄 수 있다. 탱크로봇과 컨트롤러의 통신구간에 블루투스 Sniffing 공격을 하여, 블루투스에 대한 취약점을 소개하고, 보안대책으로 MAC주소 노출예방과 통신 구간 암호화를 이용한 대책을 제안하였다. 본 논문은 미래 군 작전에 운용될 탱크로봇에 대한 취약점을 최초로 제시하였으며, 국방 드론봇 부대에 활용될 수 있는 기초자료가 될 것이다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.56-65
• /
• 2020

Purpose:This study aims to understand and explore the subjective experiences of patient safety education among health care professionals in developing a patient safety curriculum in South Korea. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted through two focus group interviews in the period October-December 2018. Eleven participants who underwent patient safety education participated in each session. All interviews were recorded and transcribed as spoken, and qualitative content analysis was used to identify categories of discussion depicting participants' subjective experience with patient safety education. Results: A total of three categories and seven themes were identified out of 77 units of analysis. Topics were identified in the dimensions of a patient safety curriculum, as follows: (1) activities for patient safety; (2) principle of patient safety (five rights, ethics, patient participation) and patient participation; (3) leadership, teamwork, and communication; and (4) reporting and learning system for patient safety events. In the dimension of methods, (5) case and evidence-based education and (6) multidisciplinary and small group teaching were identified. Finally, in the dimension of the system, (7) policies for patient safety education were identified. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that patient safety education is a significant area for health care professionals. Health care professionals suggested that a systematic patient safety curriculum would improve their knowledge and attitude toward patient safety. Moreover, it enables them to better construct a safety environment in a hospital.