• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

Objectives : Mori Radicis Cortex (MRC), the root epidermis of Morus alba L., has been traditionally used to treat lung-related diseases in Korean Medicine. The common of MRC is Mulberry bark Morus bark, and it's pharmaceutical properties and taste are known as sweet and cold, and it promotes urination and reduce edema by reducing heat from the lungs and soothe asthma. In the present study, anti-apoptotic mechanism of MRC in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in mice. Methods : Two-hundred grams of MRC was extracted with methanol at room temperature for 5 days, and this was repeated one time. After filtration, the methanol was removed using vacuum evaporator, then stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ until use. C57BL/6 male mice were housed in an environment with controlled humidity, temperature, and light cycle. In order to determine beneficial effects of MRC on ischemia induced brain damage, infarct volume, neurological deficit scores, activities of several apoptosis-related proteins such as caspase-8, -9, Bcl-xL in MCAO-induced brains of mice were analyzed. Mice in MRC-treated groups were orally administered 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg of body weight for three consecutive days before commencing the MCAO procedure. Results : Pre-treatment of MRC significantly reduced infarct volume in MCAO subjected mice applied with 300 mg/kg of MRC methanol extract, and MRC effectively inhibited Bcl-xL reduction and caspase-9 activation caused by MCAO-induced brain damage. Conclusions : MRC showed neuro-protective effects by regulating apoptosis-related protein signals, and it can be a potential candidate for the therapy of ischemia-induced brain damage.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.386-392
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• 2017

Background: Fire service workers often implement multiple duties in the emergency conditions, with such duties being mostly conducted in various ambient temperatures. Methods: The aim of the current study was to assess the firefighters' physiological responses, information processing, and working memory prior to and following simulated firefighting activities in three different hot environments. Seventeen healthy male firefighters performed simulated firefighting tasks in three separate conditions, namely (1) low heat (LH; $29-31^{\circ}C$, 55-60% relative humidity), (2) moderate heat (MH; $32-34^{\circ}C$, 55-60% relative humidity), and (3) severe heat (SH; $35-37^{\circ}C$, 55-60% relative humidity). It took about 45-50 minutes for each firefighter to finish all defined firefighting activities and the paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT). Results: At the end of all the three experimental conditions, heart rate (HR) and tympanic temperature (TT) increased, while PASAT scores as a measure of information processing performance decreased relative to baseline. HR and TT were significantly higher at the end of the experiment in the SH ($159.41{\pm}4.25beats/min$; $38.22{\pm}0.10^{\circ}C$) compared with the MH ($156.59{\pm}3.77beats/min$; $38.20{\pm}0.10^{\circ}C$) and LH ($154.24{\pm}4.67beats/min$; $38.17{\pm}0.10^{\circ}C$) conditions (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in PASAT scores between LH and MH (p > 0.05). Nonetheless, there was a measurable difference in PASAT scores between LH and SH (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These consequences demonstrate that ambient temperature is effective in raising the physiological responses following firefighting activities. It is therefore argued that further increase of ambient temperature can impact firefighters' information processing and working memory during firefighting activity.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2000

Three major hospitals with over 500 beds located in and near Seoul were surveyed for airbone microorganisms from February 1, 1998 to February 18, 1998. The purpose of the study was to identify and quantify microbiological organisms circulating in the air of three different areas in the hospitals. For the study, a RCS air sampler was utilized equipped with two different collection media, the agar strip GK-A for bacteria and the agar strip HS for fungi. The areas investigated were the intensive care unit (ICU) in the Department of internal medicine, the Newborns room in the Department of Obstetrics, and the microbiology laboratory. The results were as follows; 1. The average numbers of general microbiological particles collected on the agar strip GK-A media were $205CFU/m^3$, $232CFU/m^3$, and $128CFU/m^3$ in each hospitals. The highest concentration of $387CFU/m^3$ was found in the ICU of A hospital at 15:00 during the day. Further analysis of the collected bioaerosols by gram staining, revealed that there were gram positive cocci (89.5%), gram positive bacilli (7.2%), gram negative bacilli (2.8%), and fungi (0.5%), in descending order of frequency. 2. Ten different genes were identified from the agar strip GK-A. The most frequently identified organisms were: the Coagulase negative staphylococcus (55.0%), Micrococcus (21.4%), Enterococcus species(10.4%), and Bacillus species (7.2%). A series of antibiotics susceptibility test were conducted against the aforementioned four(4) organisms. Ninety percent of coagulase negative stapylococcus were sensitive to Penicillins. Pathogenic microbes isolated include: Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter species, Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. 3 Although 56.8% of the microorganisms grown on the strip HS media for fungi could not be identified, some of them were successfully identified. The most frequently found fungi were Aspergillus (35.3%), Yeast or Molds (6.2%), and Penicillium (0.7%). Based on the results obtained from the study, it was concluded that some areas in the hospitals had abnormally high bioaerosol concentrations which could be attributed to human activity. Therefore, it is recommended that periodic assessments of indoor bioaerosols aiming to identify the possible sources should be conducted in order to maintain clean indoor environment in the hospitals.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.512-516
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• 2013

'신화' 품종은 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 배시험장에서 1995년에 '화산'의 뛰어난 맛과 부드러운 육질의 과실특성과 꽃눈의 분화 및 유지성이 좋은 '신고'의 재배적 특성을 가져 재배가 용이한 품종을 육성하기 위하여 '신고'에 '화산'을 교배하였다. 2004년에 1차 선발하고 2009년에 최종선발 하였다. '신화'의 수세는 강하고, 수자는 반개장성으로 수체특성은 종자친인 '신고'와 유사하다. 특히 꽃눈이 많고, 유지성도 좋아 수체관리가 용이하다. 화기 특성에 있어서 '신화'의 개화기는 4월 11일로 종자친인 '신고'와 비슷하다. 또한 꽃가루도 적어 수분수로 2가지 이상의 품종을 재배해야 한다. '신화'는 검은무늬병(Alternaria kikuchiana)에 포장 저항성을 나타내었고, 검은별무늬병(Venturia nashicola)에 비교적 강하다. 수확기는 나주에서 9월 15일 전후로 화산보다 10일 빨리 수확할 수 있다. 과형은 편원형이며 과피색은 수확기에 황갈색이다. 평균과중 627g이고, 당도는 $13.0^{\circ}Brix$이다. 육질은 부드럽고 과즙이 풍부하여 식미가 우수하다. 상온에서 30일 보관이 가능하다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.518-525
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• 2010

적외선 열화상 기술은 물체의 표면에서 방사되는 적외선을 검출하여 그 물체의 표면온도 분포를 나타내는 기술로서 물체의 내부 상태도 간접적으로 표현할 수 있다. 이 기술은 광범위한 분야에서 피사체의 물리적 손상이 허락되지 않을 경우 사용되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 "적외선 촬영법에 의한 건축물 단열 성능 평가 방법"(KS F2829)에 의거하여 결함부위 온도차 비율법(TDR : Temperature Difference Ratio)라는 지표로 국립산림과학원내 목조주택의 단열성능을 평가하였다. 실험을 위한 공간을 목조주택의 2층 방으로 정하고 적외선 카메라로 방의 실내와 실외의 표면온도를 측정하였다. 열화상 이미지를 이용하여 모서리 부분과 창을 통한 열손실을 정량적으로 파악할 수 있었으며 육안으로 확인 불가능한 열손실 결함부위를 탐지할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 기존목조주택의 열환경성능 제고를 위한 개 보수시 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2011

숯은 제조 및 활용과정에서 연소를 통해 함유된 성분들을 방출한다. 연소는 숯의 화학조성뿐만 아니라 숯의 표면 물성변화를 초래하고 다른 성분을 흡착하기 쉬운 상태로 변형시키기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 시판되는 4종 숯에 대하여 화학적, 열적안정성과 중금속 및 유기유해물질의 거동 연구를 수행하였다. 상온에서 $400^{\circ}C$까지 열중량분석(TGA)과 시차주사열량계를 이용한 연소에 따른 중량변화와 관련된 물질거동 연구를 수행하였다. TGA 분석결과 대부분 시료에서 $200^{\circ}C$ 이전 약 10% 중량이 감소하였으며, $200^{\circ}C$ 이전에 잔류유기물과 가스상 물질이 소실되는 것을 알려준다. 열분석에 의한 질량 감소는 천연숯과 인공숯에서 다르게 측정되었다. 천연숯 K1, C1 에서는 $400^{\circ}C$까지의 가열 반응결과 약 15% 중량 감소가 있었으며, 인공숯 K2, C2의 경우 약 20%의 중량 감소가 있는 것으로 검출되었다. 가열에 의한 $400^{\circ}C$ 이하 중량감소는 주요 유기물과 VOC의 소설에 기인하는 것으로 나타났다. 화학조성분석에 근거한 X-선 회절분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 첨가제인 Ba이 $Ba(NO_3)_2$ 및 $BaCO_3$ 등의 형태로 $NaNO_3$와 함께 숯에 다량 존재하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2015

Researches on the pit dwellings in the Joseon Dynasty era have been constantly conducted in the archeology field since the beginning of the 2000s. Most of the related researches in the past have been on the classification and chronological record of dwelling types in archeology, but architectural researches on the dwelling history that is connected from the prehistoric age to the Joseon Dynasty era are insufficient. There are no big differences between the excavated pit dwellings of the Joseon Dynasty era and those of the prehistoric age, so pit dwellings were considered to have been used as dwellings for common people until the Joseon dynasty era. This fact is confirmed by the frequency and density of pit dwellings. In this research, what space composition of the pit dwellings that are equipped with the Korean floor heating system is shown according to the plan types was examined and the development and transition process from pit dwellings to Folk houses were analyzed and their correlations with the Folk houses of the Joseon Dynasty era were examined. The Folk house form did not start with the form of the house on the ground but originate from the introduction of Ondol, the Korean floor heating system, to pit dwellings. As the Korean floor heating system is used, the room and kitchen space are composed in the pit dwelling, and the kitchen is expanded to the one that separates the fireplace for cooking to avoid heating that is unnecessary for the summer season. As the size of the dwelling was getting bigger, the division of the space is made by the pillars that support the interior space. Also, the dwelling is expanded into a single row house and a double row house according to the progress direction of Ondol. In other words, the pit dwellings in the Joseon Dynasty era develops with making up diverse floors through the combination and expansion of Ondol and kitchen according to the dweller's convenience and life style and surrounding environment. This research is significant in the sense that it helps understand the formation and development process of our traditional Folk houses and fills the gap between the pit dwellings, which have been dealt with inadequately, and traditional Folk houses in the Korean dwelling history.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.887-894
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 정수공정중 침전지 트러프에 부착하고 있는 조류가 정수공정에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 침전지 트러프 상부에는 Oscillatoria sp.가 군집을 이루고 있었으며, 하부에는 Mougeotia sp.의 군집을 확인할 수 있었으며, Mougeotia sp.와 Oscillatoria sp.가 포함된 시료수를 채집 즉시 분석한 결과에서는 Mougeotia sp.는 THMs 물질 외에는 검출되지 않았으며, Oscillatoria sp. 경우 geosmin 3.7ppt와 미량의 dimethyl-disulfide가 검출되었다. 또한, 5일간 부패시킨 시료를 조사한 결과 초기에는 없었던 dimethyl-sulfide 등 10종류의 황화합물들이 다량 검출되었으며, 또한 phenol, p-cresol, indole 및 scatole 등이 검출되었다. 따라서, 수돗물에서의 이취 발생경로를 추정해보면 염소에 내성이 있는 서식 조류가 침전지에 부착하게 되면서 큰 군집을 이루게 되고, 군집조류 내부에서는 혐기성 상태의 조건하에서 부패가 진행되게 된다. 부패되어 군집에서 탈리된 조류덩어리가 여과지로 유입되며, 부패된 부분에서 생성된 불쾌한 냄새물질이 수돗물에 유입될 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.95-115
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• 1980

Current statistics reveal remarkable prolongation of the average longevity in this country for the past decade. Welfare of the aged is no longer sole concern of the person or/and family. but has aroused social concern on the community and national level. This study was designed to assess social, economic and emotional needs of the aged. and to identify problems they are confronting. Data were gathered through questioning 273 subjects living in Seoul from July 25, to August 31. 19 80. Frequencies and percentile scores were analysed to describe the fact. and the significance of int or-variable differences was tested by Chi-square method. Results are : 1. Majority of the subjects (male : 65.38%). (female : 62.13%)“talk about past experiences”to re-collect their past days, the difference between male and female respondents was not significant. 2. Except few who earn their pocket money (4.21%). majority were doing household errands (34.52% ) and looking after their garnd children (29.26 ％）. Main sources of their pocket money revealed to be their children (84.02%) and their own savings (24.64% ). Except few (15％）engaged with social activities directly or indirectly. leisure hours are spent in chatting with aged neighbors (44.81%). Highest in the rank order on the joyous moments for the aged revealed to be when the members of family living apart paying a visit (male : 37.5%, female : 63.72%)difference of male and female was significant ( P<0.05). Among female respondents. significant difference between age group was revealed (p<0.05). 3. Majority prefered sin91e houses (84.30% ). as residential environment. the suburban (36.26% ) area was the filet in the rank order : difference between age group and the educational status were not significant. Majority of respondents revealed to have their own room in the house. The first preference was given to live with their children (68.86%). Memory of the past (37.36% )revealed to be the highest in the rank order among the reasons why they dislike moving the house. 4. Majority favored current welfare benefts provided for the old age. however. the ideal way to live at their old age they responded was to live on their own savings (50.54%). 5. Majority revealed to be daunted occasionally (62.27%) by not being less active (34.16%) socially and by poor physical health(29.75%). Male and female differ in the causes of loneliness significantly (P <0.001) : retirement (37.89%) in ale and helpessness (43.05%) in female revealed the highest in the rank order. Majority talk over their feelings with aged neighbors to overcome the loneliness. 6 Majority were in favor of planting and looking after pet animal in the house. however. male and female differ in the kind significantly (p <0.001), 7. Majority think about death and dying occasionally or more (84.11% ). Many of the respondents believes in the life after life (53.49%) : female revealed to be significantly higher (p <0.01). and subjects with christian belief were significantly higher than non-christians (P<0.001). Attitude towards death and dying differs significantly between male and female (P <0. 001) and between christians ans and nonchristians (p <0.001). Highest preference was given to simple funeral (69.85%). Precious heritage that they would pass on to their descendants was onoscience and ethical value(57. 51%) : christian response as the first value was christian belief (52.38%).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.615-621
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 에너지절감과 실내쾌적성을 높이기 위하여 색온도, 아로마 및 소리 변동리듬의 자극을 가하여 비교분석하였다. 온도$25[^{\circ}C]$, 상대습도 50[RH%], 기류속도 0.02[m/s] 및 조도 1000[lux]가 유지되는 항온항습실에서 뇌파, 심박동 변이 및 바이브라이미지가 측정되었다. 자극 종류는 자극을 가하기 전, 소리 변동리듬 a=1.106 재즈 음원으로 이루어지는 단일자극 그리고 붉은 조명, 아로마향기 및 소리 변동리듬 a=1.106 재즈 음원으로 이루어지는 다감각자극의 세종류로 측정이 이루어졌다. 변동리듬 a=1.106의 재즈 음원, 붉은 조명 및 아로마향기의 다감각자극에서 생산성과 집중력이 향상되었고, 스트레스지수와 피로도가 감소되었다. 또한 변동리듬 a=1.106의 재즈음원, 붉은 조명 및 아로마향기의 다감각자극에서 심박동이 안정되게 유지되었으며, 바이브라이미지의 긴장도와 스트레스 역시 감소되었다. 변동리듬 a=1.106 음원, RED조명 및 쟈스민 향기의 다감각자극이 쾌적성과 집중력 향상에 효과적이라는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 단일감각에 노출되기 전보다 뉴로에너지가 증가한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 변동리듬 a=1.106 음원, RED조명 및 쟈스민 향기의 다감각자극이 자극을 가하기전보다 또한 단일감각자극을 가했을 때 보다 뉴로에너지가 증가된다는 것을 알 수 있었다.