• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 2007

This paper presents an ASIP(Application Specific Instruction Set Processor) for implementation of H.264/AVC, called VSIP(Video Specific Instruction-set Processor). The proposed VSIP has novel instructions and optimized hardware architectures for specific applications, such as intra prediction, in-loop deblocking filter, integer transform, etc. Moreover, VSIP has hardware accelerators for computation intensive parts in video signal processing, such as inter prediction and entropy coding. The VSIP has much smaller area and can dramatically reduce the number of memory access compared with commercial DSP chips, which result in low power consumption. The proposed VSIP can efficiently perform in real-time video processing and it can support various profiles and standards.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2020

Former studies revealed that sepiolite thermally treated at high temperature have high adsorption capacity for phosphate. However, its micron size (75 ㎛) limits its application to water treatment. In this study, we synthesized sepiolite impregnated polysulfone (PSf) beads to separate it easily from an aqueous solution. PSf beads with different sepiolite ratios were synthesized and their efficiencies were compared. The PSf beads with 30% impregnated sepiolite (30SPL-PSf bead) possessed the optimum sepiolite ratio for phosphate removal. Kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic adsorption experiments were performed using the 30SPL-PSf bead. Equilibrium adsorption was achieved in 24 h, and the pseudo-first-order model was suitable for describing the phosphate adsorption at different reaction times. The Langmuir model was appropriate for describing the phosphate adsorption onto the 30SPL-PSf bead, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the 30SPL-PSf bead obtained from the model was 24.48 mg-PO₄/g. Enthalpy and entropy increased during the phosphate adsorption onto the 30SPL-PSf bead, and Gibb's free energy at 35 ℃ was negative. An increase in the solution pH from 3 to 11 induced a decrease in the phosphate adsorption amount from 27.30 mg-PO₄/g to 21.54 mg-PO₄/g. The competitive anion influenced the phosphate adsorption onto the 30SPL-PSf bead was in the order of NO₃^- > SO₄^2- > HCO_3^-. The phosphate breakthrough from the column packed with the 30SPL-PSf bead began after ~2000 min, reaching the influent concentration after ~8000 min. The adsorption amounts per unit mass of 30SPL-PSf and removal efficiency were 0.775 mg-PO₄/g and 61.6%, respectively. This study demonstrates the adequate performance of 30SPL-PSf beads as a filter for phosphate removal from aqueous solutions.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.558-568
• /
• 2019

Objective: To evaluate whether computed tomography (CT) reconstruction algorithms affect the CT texture features of the liver parenchyma. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study comprised 58 patients (normal liver, n = 34; chronic liver disease [CLD], n = 24) who underwent liver CT scans using a single CT scanner. All CT images were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR) (iDOSE⁴), and model-based IR (IMR). On arterial phase (AP) and portal venous phase (PVP) CT imaging, quantitative texture analysis of the liver parenchyma using a single-slice region of interest was performed at the level of the hepatic hilum using a filtration-histogram statistic-based method with different filter values. Texture features were compared among the three reconstruction methods and between normal livers and those from CLD patients. Additionally, we evaluated the inter- and intra-observer reliability of the CT texture analysis by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: IR techniques affect various CT texture features of the liver parenchyma. In particular, model-based IR frequently showed significant differences compared to FBP or hybrid IR on both AP and PVP CT imaging. Significant variation in entropy was observed between the three reconstruction algorithms on PVP imaging (p < 0.05). Comparison between normal livers and those from CLD patients revealed that AP images depend more strongly on the reconstruction method used than PVP images. For both inter- and intra-observer reliability, ICCs were acceptable (> 0.75) for CT imaging without filtration. Conclusion: CT texture features of the liver parenchyma evaluated using the filtration-histogram method were significantly affected by the CT reconstruction algorithm used.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.50 no.8
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2013

By comparing Wiener's MMSE on stochastic signal transmission with Shannon's mutual information first proved by C.E. Shannon in terms of information theory, connections between two approaches were investigated. What Wiener wanted to see in signal transmission in noisy channel is to try to capture fundamental limits for signal quality in signal estimation. On the other hands, Shannon was interested in finding fundamental limits of signal quantity that maximize the uncertainty in mutual information using the entropy concept in noisy channel. First concern of this paper is to show that in deriving limits of Shannon's point to point fundamental channel capacity, Shannon's mutual information obtained by exploiting MMSE combiner and Wiener filter's MMSE are interelated by integro-differential equantion. Then, At the meeting point of Wiener's MMSE and Shannon's mutual information the upper bound of spectral efficiency and the lower bound of energy efficiency were computed. Choosing a proper lattice-type code of a mod-${\Lambda}$AWGN channel model and MMSE estimation of ${\alpha}$ confirmed to lead to the fundamental Shannon capacity limits.