• 한국수의병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수의병리학회 2002년도 추계학술대회초록집
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• pp.9-9
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• 2002

Grossly, the liver exhibits marked cirrhotic changes characteristics of the pre-transformation phase of WHV. Microscopically, focal hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cells were observed in midzonal and periportal areas. Bridging portal fibrosis produced pseudolobulation due to entrapment of hyperplastic hepatocytes. Biliary hyperplasia, ductal cell proliferation, and increased amounts of fibrous connective tissue expanded portal areas and extended into periportal areas. Myofibroblasts stained positive for -SMA were detected in proliferating fibrotic tissue and sinusoids.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1250-1256
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• 2011

In this study, Bacillus licheniformis cells were immobilized by entrapment in calcium alginate beads and were used for production of alkaline protease by repeated batch process. In order to increase the stability of the beads, the immobilization procedure was optimized by statistical full factorial method, by which three factors including alginate type, calcium chloride concentration, and agitation speed were studied. Optimization of the enzyme production medium, by the Taguchi method, was also studied. The obtained results showed that optimization of the cell immobilization procedure and medium constituents significantly enhanced the production of alkaline protease. In comparison with the free-cell culture in pre-optimized medium, about 7.3-fold higher productivity was resulted after optimization of the overall procedure. Repeated batch mode of operation, using optimized conditions, resulted in continuous production of the alkaline protease for 13 batches in 19 days.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.459-469
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• 1992

세균을 고정화시켜 에탄올을 생산하기 위하여 4종류의 Zymomonas mobilis를 사용하였다. 이들 중 glucose와 sucrose로부터의 에탄올생성능이 가장 우수한 것으로 Zymomonas mobilis KCTC 1534를 선별하였다. 선별된 균주의 고정화 특성을 살펴본 결과 발효 최적온도와 pH는 각각 $33^{\circ}C$와 5.0으로 고정화 균체나 유리 균체에 대하여 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 최대 발효 가능온도는 유리 균체가 $37^{\circ}C$인데 비하여 alginate, k-carageenan, agar에 고정화했을 때 각각 43, 37, $40^{\circ}C$로서 균체를 고정화할 경우 유리균체에서 보다 높은 온도에서도 발효가 가능함을 확인하였다. Alginate 고정화 균체는 2% alginate 농도에 건조균체량 11.74g/$\ell$가 최적이었따. 고정화 균체의 활성화는 10% glucose 농도의 생산배지에서 20~25시간을 요 하였고 $4^{\circ}C$에 보관할 경우 calcium chloride 2%를 가한 증균배지에서 약 4주간은 전균체량의 90% 이상이, 10주간에는 80% 이상의 균체가 생존하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.531-536
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• 2002

본 연구는 포집된 bifidobacteria의 위산과 담즙산에 대한 bifidobacteria의 생존율을 증가시키는 것을 목적으로 하였다. Bifidobacteria의 포집을 위한 alginate 선별 실험은 유사위액에 3시간 반응 후 생존율을 측정하여 결정하였다. 2.5%의 Jiwon Co.의 alginate로 포집한 비드에서의 생존율이 Sigma Co.의 alginate로 포집한 비드나 2.0%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%의 농도에 비해 우수하게 나타났다. Bifidobacteria의 생존율을 향상시키기 위해 2.5% alginate와 함께 보호 효과를 가져올 수 있는 11종의 식품 첨가물질을 가지고 실험을 하였다. 이 실험에서는 erythritol-alginate 비드가 다른 첨가물질들 보다 높은 생존율을 보였다. 또한 erythritol의 최적농도 결정을 위한 실험으로 유사위액에 3시간 반응 후 생존율을 측정한 결과 erythritol의 농도는 1.0%일 때 56%로 가장 우수하게 나타났다. 2.5% alginate 와 1.0% erythritol의 농도로 결정지어진 비드의 크기에 따른 영향 실험에서는 2.0 mm 비드가 다른 크기의 비드보다 bifidobacteria의 생존율이 가장 높았다. Erythritol-alginate 비드는 포집하지 않은 bifidobacteria나 alginate만으로 포집한 bifidobacteria보다 유사위액이나 담즙액에서의 생존율이 높았다. 이러한 비드의 저장성은 5% skimmilk 수용액 상에서 10주간 저온저장을 하였을 경우에 $10^{7}$ 이상의 균수를 유지시킬 수 있었다. 결과적으로 erytritol-alginate비드는 bifidobacteria의 생존율과 저장 안정성에 있어서 다른 첨가물을 이용한 세포 포집의 경우에서보다 이용가치가 높다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.319-322
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• 1998

본 실험에서는 GI 활성이 높은 alkalophilic Streptomyces sp.를 사용하여 2% $ extsc{k}$-carrageenan에 균체를 고정화 균체의 효소학적 특성을 살펴보았다. pH stability는 pH가 7.5~8.5에서 GI 활성이 가장 높았으며, reaction temperature는 7$0^{\circ}C$, Co2+는 10-3M, Mg2+는 10-3M일 때 GI 활성이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.14-20
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• 1989

A strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY-366 was isolated to produce a strong sucrose-hydrolyzing enzyme. After entrapment of yeast cell invertase with alginate, enzymatic properties of immobilized cells were investigated. The results are as follows. 1. The optimum pH of invertase in immobilized cells and non- immobilized cells was 6.0 and 5.0, and pH stability of invertase in immobilized cells and non- immobilized cells was 6.0 and 5.0, respectively. 2 Activation energy of immobilized cells was 4.7 kcal/mol. 3 The immobilized preparation exhibited high resistance to heat and urea Induced denaturation. 4, The bead size less than 2 mm in diameter was desirable. 5. In spite of repeated use, the enzyme activity of immobilized cells was inhibited slightly in batch reaction, and a small column of the immobilized preparation could hydrolyze relatively high concentration of sucrose almost quantitatively to more than 6 days.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.735-739
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• 2002

Large quantities of porcine hepatocyte aggregates with various degrees of aggregation (DA) could be obtained by controlling the suspension periods (0,9,24, and 48 h), and by entrapping the hepatocyte aggregates in model materials of encapsulation such as Ca-alginate and type-I collagen gels. The effects of DA on liver-specific functions of hepatocytes were evaluated in order to obtain optimum DA for the cell source of bioartificial liver (BAL) systems. Irregular rugged aggregates (size $75 \pm 28$ $\mu\textrm{m}$) farmed by 24 h of suspension culturing showed peak viability and hepatic functions such as ammonia removal and albumin secretion in the two types of entrapment systems, thus offering themselves as a stable cell source of a BAL system for hepatic functions and scale-up.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1635-1643
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to provide new insight into the mechanism whereby the housekeeping enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) locates to cell walls of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v. After purification, cytosolic and cell wall GAPDH (cw-GAPDH) forms were characterized and shown to be identical homotetrameric active enzymes. GAPDH concentration on cell walls was growth-time dependent. Free GAPDH was not observed on the culture supernatant at any time during growth, and provoked cell lysis was not concomitant with any reassociation of GAPDH onto the cell surface. Hence, with the possibility of cw-GAPDH resulting from autolysis being unlikely, entrapment of intracellular GAPDH on the cell wall after a passive efflux through altered plasma membrane was investigated. Flow cytometry was used to assess L. plantarum 299v membrane permeabilization after labeling with propidium iodide (PI). By combining PI uptake and cw-GAPDH activity measurements, we demonstrate here that the increase in cw-GAPDH concentration from the early exponential phase to the late stationary phase is closely related to an increase in plasma membrane permeability during growth. Moreover, we observed that increases in both plasma membrane permeability and cw-GAPDH activity were delayed when glucose was added during L. plantarum 299v growth. Using a double labeling of L. plantarum 299v cells with anti-GAPDH antibodies and propidium iodide, we established unambiguously that cells with impaired membrane manifest five times more cw-GAPDH than unaltered cells. Our results show that plasma membrane permeability appears to be closely related to the efflux of GAPDH on the bacterial cell surface, offering new insight into the understanding of the cell wall location of this enzyme.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.969-975
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• 2009

This article describes the topical delivery and localization of budesonide through the hairless mouse skin. Two poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly($\varepsilon$-caprolactone)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PCL-PEO) triblock copolymers (T 222 and T 252) having different CL:EO ratios were added in the preparation of budesonide particles stabilized with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Tween 80 under ultrasonication. For comparison, a commercial PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer (F68) was studied under the same condition. To demonstrate the effects of the triblock copolymer, the particle size of budesonide emulsion, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release were measured and compared. The budesonide particles stabilized by the triblock copolymers had a diameter of ca. 350 nm with entrapment efficiencies of 66-76%. The In vitro release profiles of all samples showed an initial burst followed by sustained release. The skin penetration and permeation of budesonide were analyzed by using a Frantz diffusion cell. T 222 and T 252 exhibited higher total permeation amounts, but lower budesonide penetration amounts, than F68. The results suggest that the partitioning of budesonide in each skin layer can be adjusted in order to avoid skin thinning and negative immune response arising from the penetration of budesonide in blood vessels.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.143-146
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• 2024

The current cadaveric report describes an unusual morphology of the sartorius muscle (SM), the biceps-bicaudatus variant. The SM had two (lateral and medial) heads, with distinct tendinous origins from the anterior superior iliac spine. The lateral head was further split into a lateral and a medial bundle. The anterior cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve emerged between the origins of the lateral and medial heads. SM morphological variants are exceedingly uncommon, with only a few documented cases in the literature, and several terms used for their description. Although their rare occurrence, they may play an important role in the differential diagnosis of entrapment syndromes, in cases of neural compressions, such as meralgia paresthetica, while careful dissection during the superficial inter-nervous plane of the direct anterior hip approach is of utmost importance, to avoid adverse effects due to the altered SM morphology.