• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.53-63
• /
• 2020

In this study, the two-dimensional flow analysis model Hydro_AS-2D model was used to simulate the situation of flooding in Seongsangu and Uichang-gu in Changwon in the event of rising sea levels and extreme flooding, and the results were expressed on three-dimensional topography and the optimal evacuation path was derived using BIM technology. Climate change significantly affects two factors in terms of flood damage: rising sea levels and increasing extreme rainfall ideas. The rise in sea level itself can not only have the effect of flooding coastal areas and causing flooding, but it also raises the base flood level of the stream, causing the rise of the flood level throughout the stream. In this study, the rise of sea level by climate change, the rise of sea level by storm tidal wave by typhoon, and the extreme rainfall by typhoon were set as simulated conditions. The three-dimensional spatial information of the entire basin was constructed using the information of topographical space in Changwon and the information of the river crossing in the basic plan for river refurbishment. Using BIM technology, the target area was constructed as a three-dimensional urban information model that had information such as the building's height and location of the shelter on top of the three-dimensional topographical information, and the results of the numerical model were expressed on this model and used for analysis for evacuation planning. In the event of flooding, the escape route is determined by an algorithm that sets the path to the shelter according to changes in the inundation range over time, and the set path is expressed on intuitive three-dimensional spatial information and provided to the user.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.213-224
• /
• 2002

We've already living our lives in the 21s1 century. This century, even alone, means enormous changes and innovations. Namely, we have been encountering various forms of generation changes such as digital generation, globalization generation, consumer generation, and brand power generation. Among these, there have been extraordinary changes in consumers and the environment of consumer market, and it is noteworthy of paying attention to the transition of the leader of the consumer market from producers to consumers. Such changes will affect not only all fields related to market environment but also entire fields including future products and sales. Hereupon, it is intended to foresee and analyze the trend in the consumer market of the 21st century and investigate changes in the consumer market and the environment of consumers. Also, the world has brought a single space of economy along with globalization and the era of self-imposed competition, and multi-national enterprises have emerged and, at the same time, their brands can be seen around the world. Hence, they have been trying to maintain their own power brands for the century. In the past, brand meant the name of a product in general. But, in the present, it has another meaning such that the brand itself provides psychological satisfaction and trustworthiness. Hereupon, this study intends to foresee changes in the trend of the consumer market of the 21s1 century, to ,outlook the trend of the consumer market along with study of power brand strategies, and to pursue creative strategies for power brand.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 2014

We investigated space-time patterns of Quaternary fault activity of the Yangsan fault zone using ESR ages in the Samnam-myeon region, Ulsan, Korea. Some of fault gouge zones consist of well-defined bands which added to the older gouge band, indicative of reactivation. During addition of new bands, the older gouge band was inactive, which represents the type I faulting mode. ESR analyses of each band of the gouge zone allow us to construct history of fault movement. The entire fault gouge zones were reactivated by type III faulting mode giving us ESR ages of the lastest reactivation. ESR dates show temporal clustering into active and inactive periods analogous to historic and paleoseismic fault activities. ESR ages and dates of fault movements indicate migration of fault activities along the Yangsan Fault Zone. Segments of the Quaternary faults in the study area are branched in the south of Sangcheon site. The earliest record of activity in segmented faults is recorded from the western segment to the northern segment. Before 750~850 ka ago, the fault gouge zone from the western segment to the northern segment were active. At 750~850 ka ago, the fault gouge zone from the eastern segment to the northern segment were active. During 630~660 ka and 480~540 ka only the northern segment was active. After 340 ka ago, the fault gouge zone from the western segment to the northern segment were active again.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 2004

The development of group-specific tissue probability maps (TPM) provides a priori knowledge for better result of cerebral tissue classification with regard to the inter-ethnic differences of inter-subject variability. We present sequential procedures of group-specific TPM and evaluate the age effects in the structural differences of TPM. We investigated 100 healthy volunteers with high resolution MRI scalming. The subjects were classified into young (60, 25.92+4.58) and old groups (40, 58.83${\pm}$8.10) according to the age. To avoid any bias from random selected single subject and improve registration robustness, average atlas as target for TPM was constructed from skull-stripped whole data using linear and nonlinear registration of AIR. Each subject was segmented into binary images of gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid using fuzzy clustering and normalized into the space of average atlas. The probability images were the means of these binary images, and contained values in the range of zero to one. A TPM of a given tissue is a spatial probability distribution representing a certain subject population. In the spatial distribution of tissue probability according to the threshold of probability, the old group exhibited enlarged ventricles and overall GM atrophy as age-specific changes, compared to the young group. Our results are generally consistent with the few published studies on age differences in the brain morphology. The more similar the morphology of the subject is to the average of the population represented by the TPM, the better the entire classification procedure should work. Therefore, we suggest that group-specific TPM should be used as a priori information for the cerebral tissue classification.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2013

Trachytic cliff showing a unique appearance like noodle is located in the Mt. Bipa, Seo-myeon, Ulleung island. This cliff is named 'Guksubawi'(means noodle-like rock) by its appearance. There is cliffs on three sides except north side and each side shows semi-vertical columnar joints obviously. This columnar joint has different character in appearance and mineralogy according to their direction and this tendency is remarkable in contrast between the east side and the west side. The consideration of the cooling processes after eruption of trachytic lava based on the contrast of both columnar joints dealt in the full text. In the morphological approach, the columnar joint on the east side has narrower space and chisel-like marks than the west side. And the joint walls are sharper on the east side than west side too. In the mineralogical approach, then, trachyte on the west side has bigger phenocrysts than the east side and is showing glomeroporphyritic texture and weak trachytic textures of lath of plagioclase. Around these differences between the east side and the west side, it modelled the typical temperature gradient while the cooling processes of hot rocks and the east side, consequently, corresponds to exterior of the entire trachytic volume. The columnar joint of the Guksubawi has the value of landscape and scientific importance about the forming processes of the columnar joint of trachytic lava, and so supposed it has enough values to preserved as natural heritage.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.117-126
• /
• 2008

Recent advances in medical imaging technologies have enabled the high-resolution data acquisition. Therefore visualization of such large data set on standard graphics hardware became a popular research theme. Among many visualization techniques, we focused on bricking method which divided the entire volume into smaller bricks and rendered them in order. Since it switches bet\W8n bricks on main memory and bricks on GPU memory on the fly, to achieve better performance, the number of these memory swapping conditions has to be minimized. And, because the original bricking algorithm was designed for regular volume data such as CT and MR, when applying the algorithm to ultrasound volume data which is based on the toroidal coordinate space, it revealed some performance degradation. In some areas near bricks' boundaries, an orthogonal viewing ray intersects the single brick twice, and it consequently makes a single brick memory to be uploaded onto GPU twice in a single frame. To avoid this redundancy, we divided the volume into bricks allowing overlapping between the bricks. In this paper, we suggest the formula to determine an appropriate size of these shared area between the bricks. Using our formula, we could minimize the memory bandwidth. and, at the same time, we could achieve better rendering performance.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2011

Urban space is the main contributor of greenhouse gas emissions, a primary cause of global warming. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, planning at a city-level is necessary. The aim of this research is to develop a carbon emission model which can be used to create and manage urban spaces. In order to achieve this aim, the following methodologies were utilized. First, urban planning criteria related to population, landuse, and activity level were selected through theoretical speculation. Second, carbon dioxide emission was calculated based on electricity, gas energy, heating, petroleum, and water usages. Third, Seoul was selected as a case study city, and a carbon emission model was developed through a relational analysis between Seoul's urban planning criteria and carbon emissions. Thus far, various efforts have been made to respond to climate changes in urban spaces, but these have been limited to analyzing contributing factors in terms of their total amounts of carbon emissions in the entire city. However, the carbon emission model of this study is derived from urban planing criteria at a detailed scale. This sets our study apart from other studies by demonstrating a specific model in a local setting which can be utilized for lowering carbon emissions at a city level.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.299-308
• /
• 2002

We have derived an analytical expression for the sensitivity of the frequency domain small-loop electromagnetic (EM) surveys over a two-layer earth in order to estimate the depth of investigation with an instrument having the source-receiver separation of about 2 m. We analyzed the sensitivities to the lower layer normalized by those to the upper half-space and estimated the depth of investigation from the sensitivity analyses and the mutual impedance ratio. The computational results showed that the in-phase components of the sensitivity to the lower layer dominates those to the upper layer when the thickness of the upper layer is less than 20 m, while the quadrature components are not sensitive to the lower layer over the entire frequency range. Hence we confirmed that the accurate measurement of the in-phase component is essential to increase the depth of investigation in the multi-frequency small-loop EM survey. When conductive basement of 10 ohm-m underlies the upper layer of 100 ohm-m, an accurate measurement of the in-phase components ensures the depth of the investigation more than 10 m even accounting a noise effect, from which we conclude that the small-loop EM survey is quite effective in imaging the conductive plume down to a considerable depth. On the other hand, in the presence of the resistive basement of 1,000 ohm-m, the depth of investigation may not exceed 5 m considering the instrumental accuracy, which implies that the application of the small-loop EM survey is not recommended over the resistive environment other than detecting the buried conductor.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.23-43
• /
• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and analyse factors related to the actual status and practice of breast-feeding during an infant period to grasp elements detrimental to breast-feeding and, therefore, provide basic information useful for its effective practice and encouragement. Method: From April 1 to June 30, 2001, this study was carried out with the mothers of 337 who were 6 months old, as of the surveyed date, of infants born in 2002 and registered in Seongju-gun Public Health Center, Gyeongsangbug-do Province. The method for its survey included both of the visiting and telephone interviews, and questions were mainly about the mothers' general characteristics(3 questions), infants' general characteristics(3 questions), environmental characteristics of infant delivery( 4 questions), support to breast-feeding(4 questions), understanding of breast-feeding(5 questions), and feeding type during the 1 to 6-month period after birth. Result: 1. The feeding type during the I-month period after birth showed that the breast-feeding accounted for 42.4%, which was higher than dry milk-feeding(30%) or mixed milk-feeding(26.8%). However, it began to be lower than the dry milk-feeding from the 2-month period after birth. During the 6-month period, the breast-feeding accounted for 28.6% which was lower than 56.5% of the dry milk-feeding. 2. The mothers who were encouraged by their delivery clinic to and were educated to breast-feed infants accounted for 55.4% and 41.4%, respectively, which were relatively low. The understanding of breast-feeding indicated that the responses were positive from the view point of mother ＆ infant health, but negative from mother's physical form. 3. It was shown that the lower the educational background of mother(p〈0.05) and the higher the unemployment of mother(p〈0.001), the higher the positive understanding of breast-feeding, and that the higher the entire support to breast-feeding, the more positive their understanding. 4. It was also shown that the lower the educational background of mother(p〈0.05), the higher the unemployment of mother(p〈0.001), the more the experience in breast-feeding at a delivery clinic(p〈0.01) and the faster the initial feeding(p〈0.001), the higher the rate of breast-feeding. 5. The factor having an effect on breast-feeding included a delivery clinic's encouragement to breast-feed(p〈0.001), understanding of breast-feeding(p〈0.01), father's comment on feeding method(p〈0.05) and mother's employment(p〈0.05). Discussion: In order to encourage the breast-feeding, as shown above, it is required, fist of all, to offer pregnant women an education about importance and excellence of breast-feeding and its appropriate method before delivery in advance to result in a positive comprehension of the breast-feeding. To do that, both the publicity activities and program development designed to encourage the breast-feeding must be performed in advance at the government level. In addition to that, the mother-infant space as ‘rooming-in’ available for breast-feeding immediately after delivery must be prepared on the basis of legal and administrative support. Finally, female employees' leave after childbirth must be performed for the purpose of productive welfare and circumstances also be prepared for breast-feeding, such as a children's home at work.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.8-18
• /
• 2020

This study selected landscaping-related precedents among Supreme Court decisions to which the Basic Construction Industry Act and Civil Litigation Act were applied, and divided them by year, by sector type, and by litigation type according to the cause of the litigation, and examined time-series trends and the main characteristics of landscaping-related litigation. As a result of the analysis by year, it became apparent that litigation cases began to appear in earnest in 1977, similar to when landscape licenses were first issued. The types according to the cause of the litigation were analyzed by dividing them into 'planning', 'construction', and 'management'. Among them, 'planning' was the most frequently identified (409 cases). Various precedents were searched according to 'construction', and some of them were found to be due to unclear legal standards related to landscaping. In 'management', cases such as safety accidents and crimes were considered. The users, legal definitions, and purposes of the space served as the basis for judgments. As a result of analysis by case type, there were many administrative landscaping-related cases, and the proportion of criminal cases in the management type was the highest. The results of this study looked at precedents across the entire landscape industry, and it was significant that it provides basic data that could be used by the general public as that they were categorized by field. In the future, amendments to the law and various studies should be conducted to reduce and resolve disputes, and it is necessary to expand the publicity of precedents for this purpose.