• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 2018

Currently, apartments have become an important research subject for the overall area of politics, economics, and culture as well as urban architectural study. However, there are few analyses of the research trends related to the current interest in the apartment research and prediction of the future changes of an apartment in politics and industry. In this study, the research information related to the apartment has classified, and the changes in the research trends have analyzed. Based on the classified data, the first thesis and dissertation related to the apartment and changes of academic notation have discovered. In addition, future interests and future research directions through Frequency of Appearance, Degree Centrality Analysis, and Betweenness Centrality Analysis of author keywords were predicted. As a result of the analysis, 'Space,' 'Residential Mobility' and 'Apartment Complex' studies were found to be important research topics throughout the entire period. 'Han Gang Apartment,' 'Small Size Apartment,' 'Civic Apartments,' 'Jamsil,' and 'Child' were newly interested topics until 70's era. '(Super) High-rise Apartment,' 'Perception,' 'Jugong Apartment,' 'Housing Environment,' 'Housewife,' 'Apartment Layout,' and 'Busan' were newly interested topics during the 80's and 90's era. 'Apartment Price,' 'Energy,' 'Remodeling,' 'Noise,' 'Resident Satisfaction,' 'Community,' and 'Apartment Lotting-out' were newly interested topics after the year 2000. New concerns for last decade are found to be 'Super High-rise Apartment', 'Remodeling', 'Indoor'(2007), 'Apartment Reconstruction Project', 'Brand', 'AHP', 'Housing Environment'(2008), 'Ventilation'(2009), 'Apartment Lotting-out'(2010), 'Economic Assessment'(2011), 'Cost'(2012), 'Green Building', 'Apartment Sales', 'Law', 'Society'(2013), 'Floor Impact Noise', 'Seoul'(2014), 'Noise'(2015), 'Hedonic Model'(2016). In addition, following research topics are expected to be active in the future: In maturity stage of the research development is going to be 'Apartment Price', 'Space', 'Management of Apartment Housing'; the hedonic model, which is research growth and development stage, is going to be '(Floor Impact) Noise', 'Community', 'Energy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.527-536
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• 2016

This study aims to generate baseline data for vitalizing the sales of functional cosmetics through an Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) of the selection attributes of functional cosmetics. From the analysis of consumers' selection criteria, the study will assist functional cosmetics companies in reflecting consumer demands and therefore securing competitiveness. For this, general consumers aged over 20 years were surveyed for 5 weeks from Feb 23 through Mar 30, 2015, and 447 empirical data (response rate 88.9%) were processed through SPSS WIN 21.0 program for analysis. To conduct gender difference analysis on the IPA of the selection attributes of functional cosmetics, 17 selection attributes were categorized into 4 factors: functionality, labeling, popularity, and product. Cronbach's alpha for all factors was 0.5, proving the internal consistency and reliability of the survey. The survey results showed that while the entire average came out significantly higher for females (5.89/7points) than for males (5.66/7points) (p<0.001), the selection attributes 'anti-wrinkling', 'whitening function', 'functionality', 'expiration date', 'full ingredient labeling system' and 'various promotional events' showed significant gender differences. IPA results pertaining to gender showed 'price', 'functionality', 'spreadability' and 'full ingredient labeling system' as 2nd quadrant attributes, whereas female consumers selected 'price', 'whitening function', 'anti-wrinkling', 'functionality' and 'full ingredient labeling system' as attributes. Results show that businesses in the field of cosmetics and related areas need to prioritize improving the following factors that received low satisfaction from all consumers: 'price', 'functionality', and 'total labeling.' In particular, the 'price' aspects are considered to require reasonable and affordable pricing.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.228-232
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• 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is inflicting a brutal blow on humankind, and no corner of the world has been exempted from its wrath. This study analyzes the chief control measures and the distinctive features of the responses implemented by Korea and the United States to contain COVID-19 with the goal of extracting lessons that can be applied globally. Even though both nations reported their index cases on the same day, Korea succeeded in flattening the curve, with 10 752 cases as of April 28, 2020, whereas the outbreak skyrocketed in the United States, which had more than 1 million cases at the same time. The prudent and timely execution of control strategies enabled Korea to tame the spread of the virus, whereas the United States paid a major price for its delay, although it is too early to render a conclusive verdict. Information pertaining to the number of people infected with the virus and measures instituted by the government to control the spread of COVID-19 was retrieved from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention websites and press releases. Drawing lessons from both nations, it is evident that the resolution to the COVID-19 pandemic lies in the prudent usage of available resources, proactive strategic planning, public participation, transparency in information sharing, abiding by the regulations that are put into place, and how well the plan of action is implemented.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.188-196
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating behavior toward processed foods among college students who live in different types of residence. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study targeting a total of 476 college students living at home with their family, living in a rental house with self-boarding, living in a lodging house, and living in a dormitory. Eating behaviors, including preference and the frequency of processed food intake were surveyed and compared according to the type of residence. Results: The rate of skipping a meal was significantly higher among students who reported self-boarding than those living in other types of residences. The main reason for skipping meals was that they got up late. In the entire study population, the main reason for consuming processed food was easy-to-cook (33.8%) and the primary consideration for choosing processed food was the price (54.0%). The processed food the most favored by college students was the processed noodles; those living at home with their family or living in a dormitory preferred milk products; those living in a rental house with self-boarding or in a lodging house preferred confectionery, retort pouch, convenience food, and canned/bottled food. The frequency of processed food intake was significantly higher in the students who reported self-boarding than those living in other types of residences (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Students' preference toward processed foods differed according to their type of residence. The frequency of processed food intake was significantly higher in students who reported self-boarding indicating that the type of residence of student is associated with their choices and consumption of processed foods.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2013

In Korea, many paddy fields in mountainous area have been abandoned because of their low accessibility and rice price and the abandoned paddy terraces have changed into natural lentic wetlands. To understand the relationship between characteristics of environmental conditions and early development of plant community in abandoned paddy terraces, we investigated at four well-maintained abandoned paddy terraces in 3 different climatic zones in Korea. Soil texture of abandoned paddy terraces was mostly kinds of loam and electric conductivity of soil was also similar among abandoned paddy terraces. On the other hand, contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium in soil were relatively low and significantly different among abandoned paddy terraces. Water depth was different within sites and inter-sites. Although environmental conditions including climate, soil condition and water depth were different among abandoned paddy terraces, the compositions of plant communities were relatively similar in all abandoned paddy terraces. 55 dominant taxa out of 141 recorded species were commonly recorded over sites and they were mostly perennial obligate wetland plants and facultative wetland plants. 8 taxa out of 55 dominant taxa occurred at all abandoned paddy terraces with over 10% coverage. Several site-specific species occurred at site, which have some area with deep water level. This result indicates that early development of plant community in abandoned paddy terraces of similar water regime is similar in the entire area of Korea even though environmental conditions such as climate, biogeographic history and soil are different.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

In cars, the amount of combustibles, such as plastics, textiles, etc., have increased dramatically to improve the fuel efficiency of cars by reducing the gross vehicle weight according to the increases in an oil price and to reduce environmental problems. One or two cars were involved in a parking lot fire prior to the mid-2000 s. On the other hand, there were many parking lot fires where the entire car was destroyed due to increasing the use of plastics. In this study, the quantity of combustibles in a car was 316.2 kg over a total weight 1935 kg. This is 16.34% of total weight and 10 times greater than that three decades earlier. When a sprinkler is installed as a parking lot fire protection system as a substitute for water spray, the water discharge of the sprinkler must maintain the original density of water spray, $20lpm/m^2$. In addition, the use of a hose reel $CO_2$ system at pilotis parking lots must be prohibited because the hose reel $CO_2$ system has no adaptability for a car fire. Instead, this study proposes foam, dry powder, loaded stream systems be used in parking lot fire suppression systems.

• Clean Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.435-440
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• 2017

Fast pyrolysis of third generation biomass, including micro- and macroalgae for biofuel production has recently been studied and compared experimentally to first- and second-generation biomass. Compared to microalgae, however, process design and simulation study of macroalgae for scale-up has been rare in literature. In this study, we designed and simulated an industrial scale process for producing diesel range biofuel from brown algae based on bench scale experimental data of fast pyrolysis using a commercial process simulator. During process design, special attention was paid to the process design to accommodate the differences in composition of brown algae compared to terrestrial biomass. The entire process of converting 380,000 tonnes of dry brown algae per year into diesel range biofuel was economically evaluated and the minimum (diesel) selling price was also estimated through techno-economic analysis.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2013

Vietnam is a developing country with the rate around 5%-6% per year, especially in urban areas. Rapidly developed urban areas lead to stress for infrastructure and the water supply is also stressed. In Hanoi city, total water capacity from the manufactories is around one million cubic meters per day and almost the entire main water source is groundwater but it is not enough to supply all of Hanoi's people, especially in the summer. A demo project is implemented in Hanoi University of Civil Engineering (HUCE) to produce drinking water by using the rainwater and membrane system and supply for people. In this project, rainwater is collected on the rooftop of the lecture building with an area of around $500m^2$ and $100m^3$ volumetric rainwater tanks. Afterwards, the rainwater is treated by the micro-membrane system and supplied to the tap water. Total cost for construction, technology and operation in the first year is around USD 48,558. In the long-term (15 yr) if HUCE invests in the same system, with $20m^3$ volumetric storage tank, it can provide drinking water for 500 staffs in every year. The cost of investment and operation for this system is lower than 30% compared to buying bottled water with the price USD 1.8/bottle. The drinking water parameters after treatment are pH, 7.3-7.75; turbidity, 0.6-0.8 NUT; total dissolved solids, 60-89 mg/L; coliform, 0; heavy metal similar with water quality in the bottle water in Vietnam.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of curing condition on microclimate of temperature, relative humidity during curing process of burley tobacco leaves. The developed facility, ridge opening type was designed to open the central top roof. The air-cured variety, (N. tabacum cv KB111) was normally grown at the Eumseong tobacco experimental station in 2007. Mean daily temperature of $3^{\circ}C$ in ridge opening type curing facility was lower than that of conventional, whereas mean daily relative humidity of 12.6 % RH was lower in conventional curing facility for the entire stage of curing. The frequency distribution of optimal air temperature at daytime was higher 37.5 % in ridge opening type curing facility than that of conventional, while that of optimal relative humidity was lower 8.2 %. In the ridge opening type curing facility, the excessive drying leaves were low, however the price per kilogram was high. These results suggest that the new developed curing facility may be applied to improved microclimate inside the curing facility for curing burley.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 2011

The typical unit infrastructure cost estimation techniques adopted so far in implementing the Korean Impact Fee Zoning have rather been centered around the unilateral simple cost models. The techniques, as such, have frequently been criticized for their lack of flexibility in properly reflecting the regional differences as well as the peculiarities of individual development projects. The Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs (MLTM), in this regard, has recently introduced an enhanced alternative technique. Using the NGIS data, the study probes the viability of the MLTM's new technique by testing the entire estimation process based on the case area in Ansung City. Reflecting the City's characteristics, the study assumes a composite land use plan that accommodates the industrial area in addition to typical residential areas. As an extensive empirical case study, the research has found from the new technique considerable technical merits to overcome the existing shortcomings and summarized its significant policy implications.