• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aims to examine the concentration, diversity, and antibiotic characteristics of penicillin G resistant enterobacteria present in pharmaceutical effluent. Methods: Water sampling was performed from a pharmaceutical company in Gyeonggi-do Province, Korea in March 2015. Water samples were plated in triplicate on tryptic soy agar plates with 32 mg/L of penicillin G. Penicillin G resistant enterobacteria were selected from the effluent and were subjected to 16S rRNA analysis for penicillin G resistant species determination. Identified resistant strains were tested for resistance to various antibiotics. Results: Penicillin G resistant enterobacteria were present at 6.2% as to culturable heterotrophic bacteria. Identified penicillin G resistant enterobacteria exhibited resistance to more than 10 of the antibiotics studied. These resistant bacteria are gram negative and are closely related to pathogenic species. Conclusion: Multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria in the effluent suggest a need for disinfection and advanced oxidation processes for pharmaceutical effluents.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2011

포식성 곤충인 무당벌레(Harmonia axyridis)의 소화기관 내에 서식하고 있는 장내세균을 순수 분리하여 계통학적 특성을 밝히고 이들 장내세균이 무당벌레의 발육에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 시험곤충은 전북 김제(JK), 충남 금산(CK) 그리고 충남대학교 곤충생리실험실(CI)의 무당벌레 개체군을 사용하였다. 무당벌레의 소화기관에서 장내세균 34균주를 순수분리하고 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열을 분석하여 총 4개의 계통군으로 분류하였다. 무당벌레 소화기관에서 분리된 전체 분리균주의 약 70%가 Bacillus속과 Staphylococcus속을 포함하는 계통군이었으며, 시험 무당벌레 소화기관으로부터 공통적으로 분리되는 특징을 보였다. 분리된 장내세균 중 대표세균 18균주를 대상으로 항생제에 대한 감수성 조사를 수행한 결과, ofloxacin과 penicillin이 장내세균의 모두에게 증식을 저해하는 항생제 내성을 나타내어 시험약제로 선택하였다. 무당벌레의 먹이인 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)과 무테두리진딧물(Lipaphis eryimi)에 ofloxacin 과 penicillin을 직접 처리하여 무당벌레를 사육하면서 번데기무게, 유충기간, 성충의 산란력, 부화율 등 생리적 특성을 항생제 무처리구와 비교한 결과 낮게 나타났다. 각 무당벌레 소화기관으로부터 공통적으로 분리된 대표 장내세균 Staphylococcus saprophyticus 가 무당벌레의 발육에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 S. saprophyticus의 부재 시 유충기간이 길어졌으며 번데기의 무게 그리고 성충의 산란력은 감소하였다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVI)
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• pp.158-162
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• 2005

정어리에서 분리한 5개의 균주를 이용하여 antiangiogenesis 효과가 가장 뛰어난 균주를 ${\lambda}-28$이라 명명하고 이를 대량 배양하여 단백질 추출법인 염석과 투석, 동결건조를 통해 시료를 제조하여 이를 SEC를 통해 fraction별로 분리한 후 SDS-PAGE와 antiangiogenesis, cytotoxcity test를 수행하여 ${\lambda}-28$번의 76 fraction에서 control군에 비해 82.7%의 높은 antiangiogenesis 효과를 보였고, 세포독성 실험에서도 낮은 독성을 보였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1998

the objective of this study was to develop the Korean style fermented sausage by addition of Korean native spices(Mugwort Artemisaia asiatica ;pine needles pinus thunbergii ; Japanese pepper Zanth-oxylum prperitum ; Arrowroot pueraria hirsuta) instead of foreign-original spices(white pepper corian-der)pH of all sausages was lowered rapidly during ripening. pH reductio of sausages with foreign spices was mere rapid than that with Korean native spices except for the sausages with all mixtured Korean native spices. Aw was not affected by differentiated spices. The "a" value among Hunter Color Value of sausages that produced with mixed Korean native spices was higher than sausages with foreign spices Lactic acid bacteria rapidly increased and reached to 108cfu/g after 2 days of ripening. Korean native spices used to this work did not inhibit the inhibit of lactic acid bacteria in fermented sausages but enterobacteria did not detected after 10 days of fermentation in the sausages with mixed Korean native spices.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2006

The halophilic enterobacteria, Enterobacteria cancerogenus, was isolated from the intestines of the fusiform fish (Trachurus japonicus) to yield a protein-like material termed PLM-f74. PLM-f74 was characterized by strong inhibition ratios to angiogenesis (82.8% at the concentration of $18.5{\mu}g/mL$) and elevated antioxidative capacities with low toxicity. The PLM-f74 is a glycoprotein comprised of saccharides and amino acids. PLM-f74 inhibited non-activated U937 monocytic cell adhesion to HUVECs activated with IL-$1{\beta}$ by 78.0%, and the adherence of U937 cells treated with the PLM-f74 and stimulated with IL-$1{\beta}$ to unstimulated HUVECs decreased by 102%. When both cell types were pretreated with PLM-f74, the adhesion of U937 cells to IL-$1{\beta}$ stimulated HUVECs was completely suppressed by 121% at a concentration of 18.5 ug/mL. PLM-f74 blocked signal pathways from VEGFR2, PI3K, ${\beta}$-catenin and VE-cadherin to NF-kB based on western bolt analysis. And also inhibited IL-1-stimulated HUVEC expression of the adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 by 40%, VCAM-1 by 60%, and E-selectin by 70% at the same concentration noted above. New anti-angiogenic and anti-cell adhesion materials showing elevated antioxidative capacities and non-toxicity may be expected from these results.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1544-1553
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• 2006

The halophilic enterobacteria, Enterobacteria cancerogenus, was isolated from the intestines of the fusiform fish (Trachurus japonicus) to yield a protein-like material termed PLM-f74. PLM-f74 was characterized by strong inhibition ratios to angiogenesis (82.8% at the concentration of $18.5{\mu}g/ml$) and elevated antioxidative capacities with low toxicity. The PLM-f74 is a glycoprotein comprised of saccharides and amino acids. PLM-f74 inhibited cell adhesion that non-activated U937 monocytic cell adhesion to HUVECs activated with $IL-1{\beta}$ by 78.0%, and the adherence of U937 cells treated with the PLM-f74 and stimulated with $IL-1{\beta}$ to unstimulated HUVECs decreased by 102%. When both cell types were pretreated with PLM-f74, the adhesion of U937 cells to $IL-1{\beta}$-stimulated HUVECs was completely suppressed by 121% at a concentration of $18.5{\mu}g/ml$. PLM-f74 blocked signal pathways from VEGFR2, PI3K, ${\beta}$-catenin, and VE-cadherin to NF-kB, based on western bolt analysis. It also inhibited IL-l-stimulated HUVEC expression of the adhesion molecules, ICAM-l by 40%, VCAM-l by 60%, and E-selectin by 70% at the same concentration noted above. New anti-angiogenic and anti-cell adhesion materials showing elevated antioxidative capacities, and non-toxicity may be expected from these results.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 1979

고래(古來)로 한국인(韓國人)이 매일(每日) 먹고있는 김치의 세균학적(細菌學的) 위생성(衛生性)을 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 하절(夏節)의 김치재료와 일반(一般)김치에 대(對)하여 장내세균(腸內細菌)의 오염여하(汚染如何)를 조사(調査)하였고 김치담근시(時)에 장내세균(腸內細菌)을 첨가(添加)하여 발효중(醱酵中)의 길항력(拮抗力)을 조사(調査)하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 믿었다. 1. 하절(夏節)김치의 재료(材料)채소나 김치담근의 초기(初期)에는 의외(意外)로 많은 장내세균중(腸內細菌中)에는 병원성(病原性)이거나 식중독성(食中毒性)인 Salmonella 균(菌)이 있었다. 3. 겨울온도(溫度)인 $10^{\circ}C$내외(內外)에서는 김치에 첨가(添加)된 Salmonella typhi Shigella flexneri, E. Coli등 병원성세균(病原性細菌)은 약(約) 10일간(日間) 잔재(殘在)하였고 강력(强力)한 식중독균(食中毒菌)인 Vibrio Parahemolyticus는 더 강(强)한 길항(拮抗)을 보였다. 4. 여름조건인 $30^{\circ}C$이상 온도에서 김치에 첨가된 장내세균(腸內細菌)은 pH가 4.5이하(以下)로 된 2일(日)후에 와서야 거의 사멸(死滅)되는 것이었다. 5. 약(約) $30^{\circ}C$에서 각종 장내세균류(腸內細菌類)의 김치발효중에서의 길항력(拮抗力)은 pH 4.8의 젖산완충액에서 보다 상당(相當)히 약(弱)하였다. 6. 이상의 결과(結果)로 김치재료(材料)는 일반적(一般的)으로 장내세균오염(腸內細菌汚染)이 많아서 채소의 세갈방법개선(洗渴方法改善)등이 필요(必要)하며 김치 담근 직후의 식용(食用)은 비위생적(非衛生的)이라 하겠다

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVII)
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• pp.406-411
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• 2005

Fermented materials with enterobacteria isolated from fusiform fish, have strong anti-angiogenesis effect and anti-cell adhesion effect. PLM-f74 got from 74th fraction of size exclusion chromatography from fermented material, showed strong anti-cell adhesion effect between HUVECs and U937 monocytic cell. Adhesion of U937 cell to HUVEC stimulated with IL-1b was clearly inhibited by PLM-f74 in a dose-dependent manner by 12.1, 21.2, 50.9, and 78.2%, when U937 cells treated with each of the PLM-f74 and stimulated with PMA (100 mg/L) was added onto untreated and unstimulated HUVECs, adhesion was observed by 15.8, 31.9, 70.8, and 102%, when both cell types were pretreated with PLM-f74, the adhesion was prominently decreased by 83.7, 99.2, 110, and 120.8%, with 0.74, 3.7, 7.4, and 18.5ug/mL of PLM-f74, respectively. PLM-f74, also, reduced IL-1-stimulated HUVEC expression of adhesion molecules, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin dose-dependently by ELISA method.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1988

활동성이 강한 중학생을 대상으로 남$\cdot$여, 학생에 따른 세균 오염현황을 파악함으로써 중학생의 보건 교육에 관심을 높이고자 하여 1985년 2월 4일부터 2월 15일까지 서울 시내 중학교에 재학중인 학생 29명을 대상으로 양손으로 부터의 세균을 분리하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 손에 오염된 평균 세균수는 1학년 남학생 $3.08\times10^4$개 여학생$2.48\times10^4$개, 2학년 남학생 $3.32\times10^4$, 여학생 $1.64\times10^4$개로 2학년 여학생에 있어 특히 적은 수가 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 2. 중학생 손에서 검출된 세균의 속명은 Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Neisseria spp., Branhamella, Acinetobacter, Moraxella, Chromobacterim, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Actinobacillus, Pasteurella, Vibrio, Enterobacteria와 Plesiomonas로 17속으로 나타났다. 3. 속명이 밝혀진 균주 중 종명까지 밝혀진 것은 Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidemidis, Micrococcus varians, Branhamella catarrhalis, Acinetobacter anitratus, Moraxella bovis, Moraxella urethralis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa와 plesiomonas shigelloid로 9종이 밝혀졌다. 4. Genus 중 전체 학생중 나타난 출현 빈도가 가장 높은 것은 Staphylococcus $(96.6\%)$이었고 그 다음 Enterobacterial $(14.4\%)$ Bacillus$(20.7\%)$, Branhamella$(17.2\%)$순으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1635-1641
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• 2008

This study investigated the effects of solid-state fermentation of a compound pig feed on its microbial and nutritional characteristics as well as on pig performance and nutrient digestibility. A mixed culture containing Lactobacillus fermentum, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Bacillus subtilis was used for solid-state fermentation and solid-state fermented feed samples were collected on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 and 30 for microbial counts and chemical analysis. Lactic acid bacteria increased rapidly during the first three days of fermentation and then slowly declined until day 10 and, thereafter, the counts were maintained at about 6.7 log cfu/g for the duration of the fermentation period. Enterobacteria also increased during the first two days, and then fell below the detectable level of the analysis (3.0 log cfu/g). The pH of the fermentation substrate declined from 6.1 at the start of fermentation to 5.7 by day 30. The water-soluble protein content increased from 8.2 to 9.2% while the concentration of acetic acid increased from 16.6 to 51.3 mmol/kg over the 30-day fermentation. At the end of the 30-day fermentation, the solid-state fermented feed was used in a pig feeding trial to determine its effects on performance and nutrient digestibility in growing-finishing pigs. Twenty crossbred barrows ($14.11{\pm}0.77kg\;BW$) were allotted into two dietary treatments, which comprised a regular dry diet containing antibiotics and a solid-state fermented feed based diet, free of antibiotics. There was no difference due to diet on pig performance or nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, solid-state fermentation resulted in high counts of lactic acid bacteria and low counts of enterobacteria in the substrate. Moreover, feeding a diet containing solid-state fermented feed, free of antibiotics, can result in similar performance and nutrient digestibility in growing-finishing pigs to a regular diet with antibiotics.