• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.106-117
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• 2006

We measured the concentrations of organic matter and metallic elements (Al, Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg) in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor (in the southern sea, Korea) to evaluate the geochemical characters of sediment and the pollutions by organic matter and metallic elements. The mean grain size of the surface sediments in the study area ranged from $5.6{\phi}$ to $7.8{\phi}$, indicating silt sediment. The water content of the surface sediments exceeded 60% except at some stations. The contents of ignition loss (IL), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) ranged from 7.2-14.3%, 1.2-3.2%, and 0.10-0.28%, respectively. Based on the C/N ratios, the organic matter in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor may originate from terrigenous sources including fluvial inputs (mainly sewage in urban areas). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) ranged from $11.3-29.9\;mgO_2/g\;dry$ and 0.20-4.47 mgS/g dry, respectively, and low concentrations were observed near a shipping route. In addition, the concentrations of metallic elements showed large spatial variations in Masan Harbor and the distributions of metallic elements were also comparable to those of organic matter. This implies that the distributions of organic matter and metallic elements in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor are mainly controlled by biogenic matter and artificial action (mainly dredging). In addition, we calculated the enrichment facto. (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) in order to evaluate pollution by metallic elements. The enrichment of metallic elements relative to Al was three to eighteen times higher at the study sites, compared to levels in the Earth's crust except for Fe, Ni and Mn. In addition, the Igeo class indicated that the surface sediments in the study area were moderately to strongly polluted in terms of metallic elements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for the Gifted Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.185-186
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• 2003

영재교육 프로그램 개발의 핵심적인 부분은 영재들에게 적절한 교육과정이며, 대표적인 영재교육과정모형으로 삼부심화학습모형(Enrichment Triad Model: ETM), 학교단위 심화학습모형(Schoolwide Enrichment Model： SEM), 자기주도적 학습모형 (Self-Directed Learning Model), 퍼듀 3단계 심화학습 모형(Purdue Three-Stage Enrichment Model) 등이 있다. 이들 모형에 대한 적용 연구가 일부 초등학교냐 중학교의 시범적인 속진 및 심화 프로그램 실시로 적용된 바는 있으나 정규 교육과정에서는 실시될 기회가 없었다. 국내에서도 2002년 영재교육법 시행령 적용 이후 과학영재학교가 지정되어 운영되고 있기에, 영재교육을 위한 모형을 정규 교육과정 및 교수-학습 과정에 적용하고 그 효과를 밝히는 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 삼부심화학습모형을 적용하기 위한 구체적인 교수·학습 과정안을 개발하고, 이를 과학영재학교 물리수업에 적용하여 그 과정과 학생들의 인식을 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상은 과학영재고등학교 1학년 72명이며 검사결과 지능지수, 추리력, 수리력, 지각력 면에서 매우 우수한 집단으로 나타났다. 삼부심화학습모형을 실시한 기간은, 1단계 활동을 2주간 실시하였고, 2단계 활동은 4개월간 진행하고 있으며, 3단계 활동은 겨울방학을 이용하여 실시할 계획이다. 삼부심화학습모형에 의하면 1단계는‘일반 탐색 활동을 통한 심화 학습’단계로 정규 교육과정 속에 포함되어 있지 않은 새롭고, 흥미로운 주제나 지식 영역들에 학생들이 접할 수 있도록 설계된 일반적 탐구 혹은 탐색 경험들을 제공하는 것으로 구성된다. 점수를 종속변인으로 하여 회귀분석을 한 결과 TTCT 도형과 언어 검사 모두 WAIS 소검사중의 기본지식문제가 TTCT 전체점수에 가장 높은 영향력을 미쳤다. 지능이 높은 그룹과 낮은 그룹에 대해 WAIS 11개 소검사와 TTCT 전체점수와의 상관을 구한 결과, 지능이 높은 그룹에서는 유의미한 상관을 의미는 소검사가 거의 없었던 것과는 달리, 지능이 낮은 그룹에서는 결정성지능을 대표하는 소 검사와 TTCT 도형검사 점수간의 상관이 유의미하게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 통해 TTCT는 도형과 언어 검사 모두 유동성지능 보다는 결정성지능과 상관이 있음을 알 수 있는데, 이는 창의력 검사가 문제 해결 상황에 기존의 지식을 이용하는 능력을 측정하고 있기 때문으로 추정된다. 또한 지능이 낮은 그룹에서 높은 그룹에 비해 창의력 검사와 지능 검사 사이의 상관의 정도가 높았는데, 이는 일정 수준까지는 창의적 능력이 결정성 지능에 의해 제한을 받으나 일정 수준 이상의 결정성 지능을 갖게 되면 더 이상 결정성 지능이 창의적 능력을 제한하지 않기 때문인 것으로 해석된다.circ}C$에서 2.5~8.2mg$CO_2$/kg.hr로 일반적으로 보고되고 있는 토마토 호흡속도와 일치하는 결과를 나타내었다.다.환원당인 sucrose 함량은 계속 증가하였고 fructose, glucose, sorbitol의 함량(추황의 sorbitol을 제외)은 생장이 촉진됨에 따라 증가하다가 다시 점차적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 총당과 환원당의 측정결과와 일치한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 배의 성장에 따라 산 함량은 감소하였고 당 함량은 증가하였다.luco-pyranoside, quercetin 7-O

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.411-422
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• 2016

Recently, because the wet pool storage facilities of NPPs in Korea has become saturated, there has been much active R&D on an interim dry storage system using a transportation and storage cask. Generally, the shielding evaluation for the design of a spent fuel transportation and storage cask is performed by the design basis fuel, which selects the most conservative fuel among the fuels to be loaded into the cask. However, the loading of actual spent fuel into the transportation metal cask is not limited to the design basis fuel used in the shielding evaluation; the loading feasibility of actual spent fuel is determined by the shielding evaluation that considers the characteristics of the initial enrichment, the maximum burnup and the minimum cooling period. This study describes a shielding analysis method for determining the minimum cooling period of spent fuel that meets the domestic transportation standard of the dual purpose metal cask. In particular, the spent fuel of 3.0~4.5wt% initial enrichment, which has a large amount of release, was evaluated by segmented shielding calculations for efficient improvement of the results. The shielding evaluation revealed that about 81% of generated spent fuel from the domestic nuclear power plants until 2008 could be transported by the dual purpose metal cask. The results of this study will be helpful in establishing a technical basis for developing operating procedures for transportation of the dual purpose metal cask.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.243-263
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• 2011

In order to understand the sedimentary environment of the southern intertidal zone of Shihwa Lake, west coast of Gyeonggi-do, 10 surface and 2 core sediment samples were analysed for grain size, water content, AVS (Acid Volatile Sulfide), TOC (Total Organic Carbon), concentrations of metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, As, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Cr). The surface sediments are generally poorly sorted (0.60~2.31 ${\phi}$) sandy Silt, slightly gravelly muddy Sand, silty Sand, Sand with mean grain size of 2.95 to 6.00 ${\phi}$. The sediments contain Al (1.54%), Fe (1.75%), Cu (9.1ppm), As (1.1ppm), Pb (18.8 ppm), Ni (11.0 ppm), Cd (0.02 ppm), and Cr (30.1 ppm) on the average. Heavy metals are concentrated less than ERL (Effect Range-Low), verified by NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). In the core sediments, they are also less than the ERL. Based on the uniform vertical distribution of excess radioactivity of $^{210}Pb$, the core sediments seen to have been actively mixed biologically or rapidly deposited after the construction of Shi-Hwa Seawall. The 'enrichment factor' of metals, normalized to Al, shows that the upper sediments of 35 cm in depth are more polluted. infect was significant in 2 core sediment samples in 35 cm below layer.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of $CO_2$ concentration(310 or 950$\mu$ mol.mol$^{-1}$ ) and air current speed(0.3, 0.5, 0.7 or 0.9m.s$^{-1}$ ) on the growth and development of eggp1ant Plug seedlings (Solanum melongena L.) under artificial 1ighting. For the treatment of $CO_2$ enrichment, stem length and diameter, the ratio of stem length to stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, top dried weight were significantly different at 1% level. Stem length of plug seedlings decreased at the condition under enriched $CO_2$ and high air current speed above plug stand. Stem diameter of plug seedlings increased and plant height decreased with the increasing $CO_2$ concentration. Plug seedlings had maximum net photosynthetic rate at the air current speed of 0.7m.s$^{-1}$ . Net photosynthetic rate at $CO_2$ concentration of 950$\mu$mol.mol$^{-1}$ increased by 46% than those at 310$\mu$mol.mol$^{-1}$ . Thus $CO_2$ enrichment would be effective for the production of plug seedlings with high quality.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.202-214
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• 2015

This study aims to develop and apply communication and relationship enrichment programs for married multicultural couples and verify its effects. This preliminary program was developed based on results from reviews of existing intervention programs, participants' interview for their needs and professionals' feedback on program. The program includes 11 sessions(once a week; 2 hours per session) focusing on communication strategies and related activities using marital counseling. Four multicultural couples participated in the intervention program. Qualitative data was collected during the program, including voice recording files, activity sheets, and filed notes conducted by researchers. Based on the results from the data analysis, we could find the intervention program had an positive effect on the communication between multicultural couples. Specifically, the intervention program could (1) enhanced intimacy in the couples, (2) started conversation and improved communication patterns between the couples. And also (3) modes of communication were changed to more collaborative communication through this program. The marital communication program developed in this study is significant in that it played a catalytic role for marital conversation in multicultural couples and used professional counseling techniques and strategies in solving and managing marital conflict.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.888-894
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• 1997

Two hulled and two hull-less barley varieties were investigated for ${\beta}-glucan$ enrichment. Hull-less barleys contained higher levels of total ${\beta}-glucan$ than hulled barleys, and were thus suitable as starting materials for preparing ${\beta}-glucan-rich$ fractions. Particularly, a waxy type (Suweon-291) of hull-less barley was found to have high soluble dietary fiber content containing primarily ${\beta}-glucan$, compared to the other non-waxy barley varieties. ${\beta}-Glucan$ content of barley during pearling process was measured, and the highest value was observed at the pearling yield of approximately $70{\sim}75%$. The pearled barley grains were ground and sieved to yield ${\beta}-Glucan$ enriched fractions containing up to 22% ${\beta}-glucan$. In the meanwhile, whole barley samples were directly milled by $B{\ddot{u}}hler$ mill to produce bran, shorts, break flour and reduction flour. ${\beta}-Glucan$ contents in the bran and shorts from the milled stream were relatively high, and further concentration of ${\beta}-glucan$ could be accomplished by successive sieving of the bran and shorts fractions. Pearled barley and milled stream could be used to prepare barley fractions with ${\beta}-glucan$ concentrations $2.4{\sim}3.1$ times those of the original barley grain. Water solubility of barley ${\beta}-glucan$ from pearled barley and the milled stream was in the range of $40{\sim}81%$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.304-311
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• 2012

Chlorinated ethylenes such as perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) are widely used as industrial solvents and degreasing agents. Because of improper handling, these highly toxic chlorinated ethylenes have been often detected from contaminated soils and groundwater. Biological PCE dechlorination activities were tested in bacterial cultures inoculated with 10 different environmental samples from sediments, sludges, soils, and groundwater. Of these, the sediment using culture (SE 2) was selected and used for establishing an efficient PCE dechlorinating enrichment culture since it showed the highest activity of dechlorination. The cathode chamber of bioelectrochemical system (BES) was inoculated with the enrichment culture and the system with a cathode polarized at -500 mV (Vs Ag/AgCl) was operated under fed-batch mode. PCE was dechlorinated to ethylene via TCE, cis-dichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride. Microbial community analysis with polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) showed that the microbial community in the enrichment culture was significantly changed during the bio-electrochemical PCE dechlorination in the BES. The communities of suspended-growth bacteria and attached-growth bacteria on the cathode surface are also quite different from each other, indicating that there were some differences in their mechanisms receiving electrons from electrode for PCE dechlorination. Further detailed research to investigate electron transfer mechanism would make the bioelctrochemical dechlorination technique greatly useful for bioremediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with chlorinated ethylenes.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.48-56
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• 2007

Environmental Enrichment (EE) alone is not capable of enhancing the fine digit and the forelimb functions. Therefore, we applied modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) under the influence of EE to assess its effect on promoting improved forelimb sensorimotor functions. Focal ischemic brain injury was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats (60 rats, $250{\pm}50$ g) through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Before MCAO induction, all rats were trained in modified limb placing tests and reaching tasks for 1 week. Then they were randomly divided into three groups: Group I: application of standard environment (SE) after MCAO induction (n=20), Group II: application of EE after MCAO induction (n=20), Group III: MCAO+EE, mCIMT and task-oriented training that was initiated at 10th day after MCAO induction (n=20). We also applied mCIMT (between 9 AM and 5 PM/daily) which included restraining the forelimb ipsilateral to the lesion using the 'Jones & Schallert' method. We assessed the change of modified limb placing, single pellet reaching test and the immunoreactivity of BDNF by immunohistochemistry (pre, 1st, 5th, 10th and 20th day). Group I showed no improved outcome, whereas group II and III significantly improved on the use of the forelimb and the immunoreactivity. The qualitative analysis of the skilled reaching test, of group III showed the greatest improvement in the fine digit and the forelimb function. These results suggest that EE combined with mCIMT is more functional in promoting enhanced fine digit and forelimb functional movements.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.380-391
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• 2003

Surface sediments were collected from Gwangyang and Yeosu Bays to evaluate their sedimentological characteristics and geochemical aspects of both the benthic environment and heavy metal pollution. The grain size distribution includes both sandy and muddy sediments. Sand-rich sediments occur mainly near the POSCO and the channel between Namhedo and Yeosu Bando, while elsewhere mud-dominated sediments are present. TOC content ranges from 0.2 to 2.1 % and C/N ratios indicate that the range arises from the mix of organic matter. The C/S ratios of this organic matter show that parts of the study area are anoxic or have sub-anoxic bottom conditions. The hydrogen sulfide content of the sediment has a range of 0.7 to 301 ppm, with a high content occurring inshore of Myodo Island, where it indicates a polluted environment. The enrichment factor (Ef) and index of accumulation rate (Igeo) of ten heavy metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Li, Zn, V, Cr, Ba) show that parts of the study area contain from one to seven times more Pb and Ba, and from 0.8 to 3.5 times more of the other elements than the mean sediment value. The Igeo values of V and Cd show that different parts of the area can be classified as heavily polluted, heavily to moderately polluted, or more or less unpolluted. Those areas that have both high levels of enrichment and high accumulation rates of heavy metals contain predominantly fine sediments with a high organic matter and hydrogen sulfide content.