• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2020

Neuroinflammation is an important process underlying a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Carvacrol (CAR) is a phenolic monoterpene commonly used as a food additive due to its antibacterial properties, but it has also been shown to exhibit strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Here, we sought to investigate the effects of CAR on inflammation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. In our study, lipopolysaccharide was injected into the lateral ventricle of rats to induce memory impairment and neuroinflammation. Daily administration of CAR (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) for 21 days improved recognition, discrimination, and memory impairments relative to untreated controls. CAR administration significantly attenuated expression of several inflammatory factors in the brain, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, CAR significantly increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA, and decreased expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA. Taken together, these results show that CAR can improve memory impairment caused by neuroinflammation. This cognitive enhancement is due to the anti-inflammatory effects of CAR medicated by its regulation of BDNF and TLR4. Thus, CAR has significant potential as an inhibitor of memory degeneration in neurodegenerative diseases.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.139.2-139.2
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• 2016

Electrons and phonons in chalcogenide-based materials play are important factors in the performance of an optical data storage media and thermoelectric devices. However, the fundamental kinetics of carriers in chalcogenide materials remains controversial, and active debate continues over the mechanism responsible for carrier relaxation. In this study, we investigated ultrafast carrier dynamics in an multilayered $\{Sb(3{\AA})/Te(9{\AA})\}n$ thin film during the transition from the amorphous to the crystalline phase using optical pump terahertz probe spectroscopy (OPTP), which permits the relationship between structural phase transition and optical property transitions to be examined. Using THz-TDS, we demonstrated that optical conductance and carrier concentration change as a function of annealing temperature with a contact-free optical technique. Moreover, we observed that the topological surface state (TSS) affects the degree of enhancement of carrier lifetime, which is closely related to the degree of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The combination of an optical technique and a proposed carrier relaxation mechanism provides a powerful tool for monitoring TSS and SOC. Consequently, the response of the amorphous phase is dominated by an electron-phonon coupling effect, while that of the crystalline structure is controlled by a Dirac surface state and SOC effects. These results are important for understanding the fundamental physics of phase change materials and for optimizing and designing materials with better performance in optoelectronic devices.

• 지역연구
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.19-37
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• 2015

본 연구는 자동차 소유가구를 대상으로 가구의 교통비 지출 중 대중교통비의 지출비율에 영향을 미치는 요인들의 구조적 관계를 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여, 2010년 도시가구에 대해 심층 면접조사를 수행한 한국노동패널 자료를 기초로, 가구/주택 특성과 활동특성에 대한 자료를 수집하였으며, 조사 가구가 거주하는 지역의 토지이용 및 교통 여건 관련 분석 자료를 수집 가공하였다. 수집된 정보에 대한 인자분석을 통하여 대중교통비 지출비율에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 구조방정식모형을 구축하였다. 분석 결과, "계획된 도시지역"특성과 "보편적 가구특성"에 대한 잠재변수는 대중교통비 지출비율에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으며, "가구생활비 지출"은 부(-)의 영향 관계를 나타냈다. 본 연구는 자동차 소유가구의 대중교통 이용 증진을 위해서는 가구활동에 대한 대중교통의 이용 편리성 확충과 토지이용/교통 여건의 개선이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.321-336
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• 2005

본 연구는 영상산업에 종사하는 수출마케팅 담당자를 대상으로 최근 활발하게 불고 있는 한류산업 중심으로 해외시장을 겨냥한 시장지향성에 관해 Jaworski & Kohli Kohli(1993)의 선행연구를 토대로 영상물 사업체의 수출마케팅 향상을 위한 요소로써 최고경영자 요인(Top management factor), 부서간 협력관계(Interdepartmental cooperation), 내부조직특성 (Organizational character), 마케팅역량(Marketing capability), 환경요인(Environment), 그리고 수출사업성과(Export performance)간의 관계에 대한 규명을 목적으로 하고 각 변수들에 대한 기존연구들을 바탕으로 하여 이론적 연구모델을 제시하였으며, 조사 대상은 국내의 공중파 방송국인 KBS, MBC, SBS 등을 포함하여 전체 36개회사의 총 306명의 종사자를 대상으로 설문하고 그 중 마케팅 담당자들을 중심으로 106명의 표본을 최종 분석에 활용한 결과 Jaworski & Kohli(1993)의 시장지향성에 관한 기존 연구들의 결과와 부분적으로 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제5권
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• pp.215-240
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• 1992

The major purpose of this study is to find the problems that the statistics of industrial accidents showed and to prevent the preventive countermeasures for effective security management. An industrial accident is a disease resulting from exposure during employment to condition or substance detrimental to health or life. This is caused by the conditions of employment and is not projected by the man. This results generally from the comprehensive factors. The claiments of 1990 are 7,542,752 members and the economic deficit is up to 2,696,757 million won. Because of this severe damage, the preventive of the industrial accident is highly required. The way of preventive countermeasures could be presentation as follows. First, for securing the safety, precaution about the tools, machineries and working condition is needed from the time of installation. Second, a traing system for the managerial class the specialists or engineers should be established. Cultivation of the appropriate personnel and enhancement of technique for safety are prerequists for reduction of the industrial accidents. Third, the health checkup system must be improved. For the prevention of the occupational disease and good health of the workes, experts who knows workers health must be appointed. In conclusion, industrial accident is not unavoidable result of the advance of the industries but the result of the incapability of management that can not meet the requirement necessary for the prevention of industrial accident. Therefore, each corporation should be regard the above mention and make effective safety control that is free from the industrial accident. The implement of organizational safety programs, similar to the application of company health plan, involves shared administrative responsibilities among top executive line personnel, staff specialists, first line supervisors, and organizational employment.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.268-279
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast health promoting behaviors, mental health, and quality of life between shift nurses and non-shift nurses and to evaluate factors influencing their quality of life. Method: Data were collected by questionnaires from 113 non-shift nurses and 265 shift nurses who had been working at one of five hospitals in Incheon for more than one year. Descriptive statistics, ANCOVA, logistic regression, and multiple regression were used in performance of data analysis. Results: For shift nurses' mean total scores for health promoting behaviors and quality of life were significantly lower than those for non-shift nurses'(p<.05). Result of logistic regression analyses indicated that marital status (OR=2.092, 95%CI=1.174-3.729) and quality of life (OR=3.397, 95%CI=1.694-6.812) were significant between shift nurses and non-shift nurses. Non-shift work, low stress, provision of health-welfare programs, high score for health promoting behavior, and good mental health status showed an association with better quality of life (explained 48.3% of variance). Conclusion: Educational, policy, and regulatory approaches are required in order to improve mental health and quality of life for nurses, which may be influenced by their unhealthy behaviors such as irregular dietary patterns, while provision of counseling programs may be helpful to enhancement of nurses' mental health.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제6권
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• pp.267-283
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• 1994

Application of space technology in the field of communication and remote sensing becomes increasingly important in human life. Advancement of communications means shinks the size of our globe and that of remote sensing techniques improves the quality of human well-being. It is a world trent for each country to make its best effort in advancing its capabilities in these fields sometimes independently and other times jointly with other nations. Korea being no exception to this world trend is planning various starategies in application and development of space technologies. However, unfortunately, Korea is a new commer in this field. Statellite Technology Research Center (SaTReC) of Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) initiated to aquire satellite technology by sending its graduates abroad in 1989. As a result KITSAT-1 was launched in 1992 and KITSAT- 2 was launched in 1993 and they became Korea's first two satellites in orbits. Academic program including On-the Job-Training for Korean students at the University of Surrey, UK, is also an innovative scheme of mixing education and practical know-how for successful technology transfer, which resulted in a small but very capable and effective satellite experts group in Korea for self-propelled research and development in space activities. In this context, space development strategy should be considered in terms of the following factors; (1). Participation in international space activities as an active member to utilize international organization and to contribute to the peaceful use of space, (2). Development of national defence structure for independent activities in space, (3). Enhancement of manpower utilization for space development and promotion of national pride and (4). Education of youngsters for the extension of intellectual activities into the limitless space. In order to make very costly space development project most efficient, governmental level space development organization directed by the head of nation should be established and should manage all space development programs making full use of its all available resources including the advantage of the university based R&D capability.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.215-232
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• 2006

본 연구는 수강생의 정보활용능력에 영향을 미치는 요인과 정보활용교육의 교육효과를 분석해보고 그 결과를 바탕으로 향후의 정보활용교육 활성화를 위한 방안을 제시하고자 함에 목적을 두었다. 정보활용교육 수강 전후의 컴퓨터조작기술, 도서관관련지식. 도서관이용빈도 및 정보활용능력의 평균값 차이를 비교하였다. 정보활용교육 수강생의 사전교육경험과 컴퓨터조작기술, 도서관이용지식 및 자료이용빈도가 정보활용능력에 미치는 영향 및 수강생의 수업만족도와 수강 후 견해와의 영향관계를 살펴본 가설 모두 채택되었다. 대학생들의 정보활용능력 향상을 위한 보다 체계적이고 심도 있는 교육 프로그램이 절실히 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.375-387
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• 2009

Objective : Gyehyuldeung (GHD) has been widely used in oriental medicine for the treatments of cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Thus, its potential facilitatory activity on axonal regeneration was investigated in the rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were given crush injury at the sciatic nerve and the changes of axon growth after nerve injury on each nerve injury model were investigated with anti-NF-200 antibody, DiI, GAP-43 protein and Cdc2 protein Results : GHD-mediated enhancement of axonal regeneration after crush injury was measured in both qualitative and quantitative ways by immunofluorescence staining with anti-NF-200 antibody and retrograde tracing of fluorescence dye DiI. GAP-43 protein levels were elevated by GHD treatments in the distal injured sciatic nerve and DRG sensory neurons. The neurite outgrowth of DRG sensory neurons was facilitated by GHD treatment when co-cultured with Schwann cells and astrocytes prepared from injured sciatic nerves and injured spinal cord tissues, respectively. It was observed that Cdc2 protein was up-regulated in co-cultured Schwann cells or astrocytes and Cdc2 protein signals were co-localized to a certain extent with those of phospho-vimentin protein. Conclusions : These results suggest that GHD may play a facilitatory role in axonal regeneration by acting on the injured axons and adjacent non-neuronal cells. The current findings may be useful for the development of therapeutic targets through more specific explorations on molecular interactions between herbal components and endogenous factors.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.187-199
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• 1999

Bone remodeling is characterized by the continuing processes of osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Bone metabolism is tightly regulated at the local level by networks of hormones, cytokines, and other factors. In pathological conditions of bone remodeling, including osteoporosis and periodontal diseases, inflammatory cytokines and local mediators are responsible for enhancement of osteoclast resorption and inhibition of repair at the sites of bone resorption. TNF-${\alpha}$ is a pleiotropic hormone with actions on the differentiation, growth, and functional activities of normal and malignant cells from numerous tissues. TNF-${\alpha}$ has been proposed as a local mediator of the control of bone turnover in situations of chronic inflammation, and it has been assumed that the local source of TNF-${\alpha}$ is the monocyte in the adjacent bone marrow or the local circulation. TNF-${\alpha}$ is a potent inducer of bone resorption. TNF-${\alpha}$ is known to induce the activation of apoptotic signaling pathway, which leads to the apoptosis of bone cells. We demonstrated that treatment of murine osteoblastic MC3T3E1 cells with TNF-${\alpha}$ decreases proliferation as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in a dose depenent manner. In addition, TNF-${\alpha}$ increases osteoclast-like cell formation in $1{\alpha}$, 25(OH)2D3 or PGE2-treated bone marrow cell culture. When cells were cultured in TNF-${\alpha}$ free ${\alpha}$-MEM, this inhibitory effect of ALP activity was reversible up to 10 ng/ml TNF-${\alpha}$, in contrast, at the 20 ng/ml TNF-${\alpha}$, irreversible. In this concentration, TNF-${\alpha}$ may induce apoptosis in MC3T3E1 cells. In this study, TNF-${\alpha}$ induces apoptosis resulting in chromosomal DNA fragmentation, preceded by JNK/SAPKs and caspase-3 activation. Our present results show that JNK/SAPKs and caspase-3 are activated by TNF-${\alpha}$, suggesting that the JNK/SAPKs and caspase-3 participate in the bone resorption, associated with apoptosis.