• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1410-1413
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• 2009

A city development has been focused on solving a housing shortage of city resulted from rapid industrialization and population increase in city. However, such a development has caused many problems in environment, economy, safety, and so on. In recent, therefore, a new paradigm of a city development is required, and thus ubiquitous city (U-City) concept appears. U-City development, which combines construction method and IT technique, creates a new composite space, and help people improve quality of life in terms of solving many problems caused by existing method of a city development. However, there is no guide to build U-City up to date, and most present U-City projects have processed following past method of city development. Therefore, an objective of this paper is to suggest an explicit procedure of enforcement design in U-City system.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1934-1937
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• 2022

The meaning of crosswalks and traffic lights in modern society has changed a lot as the enforcement of traffic signal violations has been strengthened. In this paper, we present a new next-generation traffic light method using radar and Can-bus communication methods suitable for the new traffic signal enforcement system. This method is a system that prevents accidents by transmitting information on the entry of a person and a car to a traffic light in a place where a person and a car passing through a mutually invisible traffic light cannot be seen. Since this system has only been developed for a month, it may be somewhat lacking in experimentation. However, in just one month, there have been no incidents except for a few people where the system has been installed.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.31-68
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• 2023

In recent years, French courts have decided to adopt an uncompromising stance in the fight against corruption in international arbitration. While French enforcement/annulment courts were originally conducting a limited review of arbitral awards dealing with corruption allegations on international public policy grounds, they now carry a full re-examination of such awards accepting that a corruption plea be raised for the first time before them and admitting new evidence. What is at stake, in terms of international public policy, is to define the happy medium between, on the one hand, the necessity to preserve the enforceability of international arbitral awards, and, the necessity to fight corruption. This paper presents the evolution of French case law in the past years and makes a critical assessment of the French approach by comparison with other jurisdictions.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1647-1661
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• 2011

The Government had devised legislation of Special Act and drew up guidelines for improving air quality in Seoul Metropolitan area. In 2007 local government of Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi conducted the results of application policy by reduced air pollutants emission for the first time. Although there was reduction of air pollutant emission in each local government, it was ineffective as expected using air pollution monitoring database. Therefore we worked out a way to prepare modeling input data using the results of enforcement plan. And we simulated surface $NO_2$ and PM10 before and after decrease in air pollutants emission and examine reduction effects of air pollution according to enforcement regulation except other influence, by using MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ system. Each local government calculated the amount of emission reduction under application policy, and we developed to prepare input data so as to apply to SMOKE system using emission reduction of enforcement plan. Distribution factor of emission reduction were classified into detailed source and fuel codes using code mapping method in order to allocate the decreased emission. The code mapping method also included a way to allocate spatial distribution by CAPSS distribution. According to predicted result using the reduction of NOx emission, $NO_2$ concentration was decreased from 19.1 ppb to 18.0 ppb in Seoul. In Gyeonggi and Incheon $NO^2$ concentrations were down to 0.65 ppb and 0.68 ppb after application of enforcement plan. PM10 concentration was reduced from 18.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$ to 17.5 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in Seoul. In Gyeonggi PM10 concentration was down to 0.51 ${\mu}g/m^3$ and in Incheon PM10 concentration was decreased about 0.47 ${\mu}g/m^3$ which was the lower concentration than any other cities.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.769-788
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• 2014

Today, all the countries of the world newly recognize importance of sea on 70% area of the earth, which are focused on efforts for security of marine territory and fishes resources. On the security concerns of the ocean & fishes resources, Sea are very important on the ground of the importance of the ocean, thus international community has been trying to combat a maritime security threat and illegal fisheries. Coastal states need to have proper state's jurisdiction and exercise it's jurisdiction to response effectively to a maritime security threat and illegal fisheries. Here, many of the coastal states strengthened the rights in Exclusive Economic Zone(;EEZ) naturally, there are made cooperation activities and keen competition in the sea because deepening of complex understanding of the relationship between the surrounding countries with marine surveys & continental shelf development, island territorial sovereignty & marine jurisdiction in overlap of sea area on EEZ. In these circumstances, foreign fishing boats invaded to our territorial waters and EEZ many times. in addition, Chinese fishing boats are going to illegal fisheries naturally. On this point, a powerful crackdown of maritime enforcement organization had no effect on them. Also more and more their resistance gathered strength and tendency of a illegal activities became systematization, group action and atrocity little by little. So this thesis includes a study on the regal regulation, the system and formalities on the control of illegal fishing. And the author analyzed the details of the activities of illegal fishing and boats controlled by Korea Coast Guard(KCG), fishing patrol vessels of Ministry of Maritime Affaires and Fisheries(MOMAF) and Navy etc. from in adjacent sea area of Korea. In relation to this, the policy and activity plan were devised to crackdown to illegal fisheries of foreign fishing boats and then it was enforced every year. According to this, analyze the present conditions of illegal fisheries of a foreign fishing boats on this study, also analyze the present conditions of maritime enforcement organization & found out problems to compared it. protect the territorial waters, at the same time protection of marine mineral resources & fishes resources of EEZ including continental shelf, which has want to study for the role & response of maritime enforcement organization for the protection of fisheries resources and a proper, a realistic confrontation plan of maritime enforcement organization against illegal fisheries of foreign fishing boats.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2016

한국도로공사에서는 2012년 1월 16일부터 5월 31일까지 고속 축중기를 이용하여 경부선 195.0k(김천)과 중부내륙선 119.5k(선산) 구간에서 과적 시범단속을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 이를 활용하여 과적 시범단속 시행 전과 후, 각 8주의 교통량 및 평균 총중량 비교를 통해 과적단속의 실제적인 효과를 분석하고자 하였으며, 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과적 시범단속 전후의 교통량 및 총중량 변화를 분석한 결과, 교통량은 시행 전과 후의 차이가 없었지만, 총중량은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 화물 교통량이 줄어서 총중량이 줄어든 것이 아니라, 시범단속을 통해 총중량이 감소함을 의미한 것으로 과적단속의 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 시행 전과 후의 주별 총 교통량 및 평균 총중량 추이를 분석한 결과, 과적단속 시작을 기점으로 급격하게 감소했다가, 다시 점차 증가하는 추이를 보이고 있었다. 이는 시범단속에 대한 풍선효과로, 향후 지속적인 과적단속이 필요함을 알 수 있다. 다만, 본 연구는 시범단속 기간에 대한 연구로 향후 장기간 교통량 및 총중량 변화에 대한 분석과 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.31-52
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• 2019

As international transactions have grown more numerous, situations of disputes related to the transactions are getting more complicated and more diverse. Cost-effective remedies to settle the disputes through traditional methods such as adjudications of a court will be insufficient. There fore, nations are attempting to more efficiently solve investor-state disputes through arbitration under organizations such as the ICSID Convention, the ICSID Additionary Facility Rules, and the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules by including the provisions on investor-state dispute settlement at the conclusion of an investment agreement. In case of an arbitration under the ICSID Convention, ICSID directly exercises the supervisorial function on arbitral proceedings, and there is no room for the intervention of national courts. In time of the arbitration where the ICSID Convention does not apply, however, the courts have to facilitate the arbitral proceedings. When the recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award under the ICSID Convention are guaranteed by the Convention, it should be considered that the New York Convention does not apply to them under the Convention Article 7 (1) fore-end. In exceptional cases in which an arbitral award under the ICSID Convention cannot be recognized or enforced by the Convention, the New York Convention applies to the recognition and enforcement because the award is not a domestic award of the country in which the recognition or enforcement is sought. It is up to an interpretation of the New York Convention whether the New York Convention applies to ISDS arbitral awards not based on the ICSID Convention or not. Although an act of the host country is about sovereign activities, a host country and the country an investor is in concurring to the investment agreement with the ISDS provisions is considered a surrender of sovereignty immunity, and it will not suffice to exclude the investment disputes from the scope of application of the New York Convention. If the party to the investment agreement has declared commercial reservation at its accession into the New York Convention, it should be viewed that the Convention applies to the recognition and enforcement of the ISDS awards to settle the disputes over an investitive act, inasmuch as the act will be considered as a commercial transaction. When the recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award on investment disputes about a nation's sovereign act have been sought in Korea and Korea has been designated the place of the investment agreement arbitration as a third country, it should be reviewed whether the disputes receive arbitrability under the Korean Arbitration Act or not.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.53-67
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• 1974

This study aims at diagnozing the existing school library laws and their enforcement regulations together with the library organization, and finding out any problems in them for the lack of legal and administrative suppxt has been considered the main hindrances to the developrnent of school library. The results of the work are as follows: 1. Full use of materials on the part of students is impossible because there is description in the school facilitier enforcement regulations except that of reading room. 2. No administrative consederation on the school library. 3. No incentive to be an able librarians because there is no devision in the lebrary teacher eligibility between the elementary and secondary level.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2013

This paper presents a fuzzy set method to enforce complementarity constraints (CCs) in a nonlinear interior point method (NIPM)-based optimization. NIPM is a Newton-type approach to nonlinear programming problems, but it adopts log-barrier functions to deal with the obstacle of managing inequality constraints. The fuzzy-enforcement method has been implemented for CCs, which can be incorporated in optimization problems for real-world applications. In this paper, numerical simulations that apply this method to power system optimal power flow problems are included.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(5)
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• pp.147-150
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• 2001

This paver has presented the architecture and function of the traffic signal enforcement system to detect and capture a image of the violating car in the street intersection. Also in the paper, the algorithm and method of detecting the violation car have been presented and the microwave detection method has been explained. And then this paper has showed the operation software interface for system and presented the experiment data carried out in the field.