• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

For test on flooring board laminated with PVC decoration materials in order to replace the current surface materials such as HPL in decoration wood-based flooring board. the Results of comparison and analysis are as follows: For thermal conductivity, flooring board decorated with PVC did not show huge differences when temperature was rising and lowering compared to the flooring materials laminated with the existing HPL surface materials. It seems the most meaningful results for using it as indoor flooring materials. That is, in Korea where there is the culture focusing on ondol heating, use amount of heat energy and efficiency of flooring materials are very important and sensitive issues, involving immediately with household economy of final consumers, and it might be a criteria to judge basic performances required as flooring materials. As a result of the analysis on mandatory durability test items such as abrasion resistance, absorption width expansion rate, impact resistance, surface hardness, and impact absorption for flooring materials, compared to flooring board laminated with general HPL surface decoration materials, decoration wood-based flooring board laminated with PVC surface decoration materials which is higher abrasion resistance with smaller transformation and has better durability and impact absorption of the surface, is available for actual application as indoor flooring board, and for replacing surface decoration materials impregnated with heat-hardened resion such as HPL.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.221-234
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• 2021

During the previous few years, phenomenon of bioconvection along with the use of nanoparticles showed large number of applications in technological and industrial field. This paper analyzed the bioconvection phenomenon in magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow of a Powell-Eyring nanoliquid past a stretchable cylinder with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux. In addition, the impacts of chemical reaction and heat generation/absorption parameter are considered. By the use of appropriate transformation, the governing PDEs (nonlinear) have been transformed and formulated into nonlinear ODEs. The resulting nonlinear ODEs subjected to relevant boundary conditions are solved analytically through homotopy analysis method which is programmed in Mathematica software. Graphical and numerical results versus physical quantities like velocity, temperature, concentration and motile microorganism are investigated under the impact of physical parameters. It is noted that velocity profile enhances as the curvature parameter A and Eyring-Powell fluid parameter M increases but a decline manner for large values of buoyancy ratio parameter Nr and bio-convection Rayleigh number Rb. In the presence of Prandtl number Pr, Eyring-Powell fluid parameter M and heat absorption parameter ��, temperature profile decreases. Nano particle concentration profile increases for increasing values of magnetic parameter Ha and thermophoresis parameter Nt. The motile density profile has revealed a decrement pattern for higher values of bio-convection Lewis number Lb and bio-convection peclet number Pe. This study may find uses in bio-nano coolant systems, advance nanomechanical bio-convection energy conversion equipment's, etc.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.1972-1981
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• 2022

A typical ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steel sheet was subjected to pulsed laser surface remelting (LSR) and corrosion test in lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) at 550 ℃. There present two modification zones with distinct microstructures in the LSRed specimen: (1) remelted zone (RZ) consisting of both bulk δ-ferrite grains and martensitic plates and (2) heat-affected zone (HAZ) below the RZ, mainly composed of martensitic plates and high-density precipitates. Martensitic transformation occurs in both the RZ and the HAZ with the Kurdjumov-Sachs and Nishiyama-Wassermann orientation relationships followed concurrently, resulting in scattered orientations and specific misorientation characteristics. Hardnesses of the RZ and the HAZ are 364 ± 7 HV and 451 ± 15 HV, respectively, considerably higher than that of the matrix (267 ± 3 HV). In oxygen-saturated and oxygen-depleted LBE, thicknesses of oxide layers developed on both the as-received and the LSRed specimens increase with prolonging corrosion time (oxide layers always thinner under the oxygen-depleted condition). The corrosion resistance of the LSRed F/M steel in oxygen-saturated LBE is improved, which can be attributed to the grain-refinement accelerated formation of dense Fe-Cr spinel. In oxygen-depleted LBE, the growth of oxide layers is very low with both types of specimens showing similar corrosion resistance.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2023

무작위 및 주기적인 변동하는 재생에너지 발전 전력 품질 교란으로 인해 발전 변환 송전 및 배전에서 더 자주 발생하게 된다. 전력 품질 교란은 장비 손상 또는 정전으로 이어질 수 있다. 따라서 서로 다른 전력 품질 외란을 실시간으로 자동감지하고 분류하는 것이 필요하다. 전통적인 PQD 식별 방법은 특징 추출 특징 선택 및 분류의 세 단계로 구성된다. 그러나 수동으로 생성한 특징은 선택 단계에서 정확성을 보장하기 힘들어서 분류 정확도를 향상하는 데에는 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 16가지 종류의 전력 품질 신호를 인식하기 위해 CNN(Convolution Neural Networ)과 LSTM(Long Short Term Memory)을 기반으로 시간 영역과 주파수 영역의 특징을 결합한 심층 신경망 구조를 제안하였다. 주파수 영역 데이터는 주파수 영역 특징을 효율적으로 추출할 수 있는 FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)로 얻었다. 합성 데이터와 실제 6kV 전력 시스템 데이터의 성능은 본 연구에서 제안한 방법이 다른 딥러닝 방법보다 일반화되었음을 보여주었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.167-184
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• 2023

In this study, a new recentering friction device (RFD) to retrofit steel moment frame structures is introduced. The device provides both self-centering and energy dissipation capabilities for the retrofitted structure. A hybrid performance-based seismic design procedure considering multiple limit states is proposed for designing the device and the retrofitted structure. The design of the RFD is achieved by modifying the conventional performance-based seismic design (PBSD) procedure using computational intelligence techniques, namely, genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial neural network (ANN). Numerous nonlinear time-history response analyses (NLTHAs) are conducted on multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) and single-degree of freedom (SDOF) systems to train and validate the ANN to achieve high prediction accuracy. The proposed procedure and the new RFD are assessed using 2D and 3D models globally and locally. Globally, the effectiveness of the proposed device is assessed by conducting NLTHAs to check the maximum inter-story drift ratio (MIDR). Seismic fragilities of the retrofitted models are investigated by constructing fragility curves of the models for different limit states. After that, seismic life cycle cost (LCC) is estimated for the models with and without the retrofit. Locally, the stress concentration at the contact point of the RFD and the existing steel frame is checked being within acceptable limits using finite element modeling (FEM). The RFD showed its effectiveness in minimizing MIDR and eliminating residual drift for low to mid-rise steel frames models tested. GA and ANN proved to be crucial integrated parts in the modified PBSD to achieve the required seismic performance at different limit states with reasonable computational cost. ANN showed a very high prediction accuracy for transformation between MDOF and SDOF systems. Also, the proposed retrofit showed its efficiency in enhancing the seismic fragility and reducing the LCC significantly compared to the un-retrofitted models.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.675-687
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• 2023

한반도 비무장지대에 인접한 접경지역은 DMZ(DemilitarizedZone) 그린평화 지대화를 위한 그린데탕트(GreenDétent) 실천무대로 주목 받고있다. 본논문은 접경지역에 계획된 생태·환경 분야 산업·인프라 사업의 복합적 성격을 판단 할 수있는 항목으로 구성된 프로슈밍지표(Prosuming-index)를 제안하고, 이 를 통해 그린데탕트 실천 대상지로서의 잠재력과 방향성을 시각화 하였다. 그 결과, 접경 지역중 인천·강화 지역은 '물류·인적 네트워크 중심 권역이자 특화 농수산물 생산지' 로서, 경기 북부지역은 '스마트기술 활용 산업을 기반으로하는 교류 네트워크 중심권역' 으로서, 강원 서부지역과 경기 연천 지역은 '탄소 감축 기술을 골자로 하는 생산-소비 복합권역' 으로서, 강원 동부지역은 '재생에너지 산업을 통한 유휴·노후 인프라의 그린 인프라 전환권역' 으로서, 크게 4가지 권역으로 그린데탕트 실천 잠재력을 유형화 할 수 있었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2009

Objectives : The rapid progress seen in the Chinese medical and pharmaceutical industries since the mid.Ming Dynasty, and the resulting surge in demand for medicinal herbs led to the emergence of dedicated medicinal herb markets. A representative example was the medicinal herb market of Qizhou (today's Anguo) in Hebei Province. This paper examines various factors that contributed to the transformation and growth of Qizhou into and as a major medicinal herb market of China. Methods : Along with the examination of geographical factors, this study attempts to link the development of Qizhou as a center for medicinal herbs trade with legends related to the Medicine Lord Temple (Yao Wang Miao), a local shrine dedicated to the mythical Medicine Kings. Results : The main argument of this study is that although the emergence of Qizhou as China's largest marketplace for medicinal herbs was significantly helped by its proximity to Beijing, a huge source of demand, as well as its convenient location easily accessible from all parts of the country, and the large herbal production from surrounding areas, the single.most important contributing factor was the body of legends attributing to this city a magical healing energy. Conclusions : The example of Qizhou may also suggest that in pre.modern eras, legends related to supernatural healing power, associated to a city or town, were as important contributing factors to its emergence and growth as a dedicated medicinal herb market as its location or ease of access.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to compare the mechanical and thermal properties in the anterior and posterior segments of new and retrieved specimens of a commercially available multizone superelastic nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwire. Methods: The following groups of 0.016 × 0.022-inch Bioforce NiTi archwires were compared: a) anterior and b) posterior segments of new specimens and c) anterior and d) posterior segments of retrieved specimens. Six specimens were evaluated in each group, by three-point bending and bend and free recovery tests. Bending moduli (Eb) were calculated. Furthermore, the new specimens were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. A multiple linear regression model with a random intercept at the wire level was applied for data analysis. Results: The forces in the posterior segments or new specimens were higher than those recorded in the anterior segments or retrieved specimens, respectively. Accordingly, Eb also varied. Higher austenite start and austenite finish (Af) temperatures were recorded in the anterior segments. No statistically significant differences were found for these temperatures between retrieved and new wires. The mean elemental composition was (weight percentage): Ni, 52.6 ± 0.5; Ti, 47.4 ± 0.5. Conclusions: The existence of multiple force zones was confirmed in new and retrieved Bioforce archwires. The retrieved archwires demonstrated lower forces during the initial stages of deactivation in three-point bending tests, compared with new specimens. The Af temperature of these archwires may lie higher than the regular intraoral temperature. Even at 2 mm deflections, the forces recorded from these archwires may lie beyond biologically safe limits.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2024

Hot-dip Zn-Mg-Al coatings have a complex microstructure consisting of Zn, Al, and MgZn₂ phases. Its crystal structure depends on alloy content and cooling rates. Microstructure and corrosion resistance of these coatings might be affected by heat treatment. To investigate effect of heat treatment on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Zn-Mg-Al coatings, Zn-1.5%Mg-1.5%Al coated steel was heated up to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/s and cooled down to room temperature. At above 500 ℃, the ternary phase of Zn-MgZn₂-Al was melted down. Only Zn and MgZn₂ phases remained in the coating. Heat- and non-heat-treated specimens showed similar corrosion resistance in Salt Spray Test (SST). When a Zn-3.0%Mg-2.5%Al coated steel was subjected to heat treatment at 100 ℃ or 300 ℃ for 200 h and compared with GA and GI coated steels, the microstructure of coatings was not significantly changed at 100 ℃. However, at 300 ℃, most Al in the coating reacted with Fe in the substrate, forming a Fe-Al compound layer in the lower part of the coating. MgZn₂ was preferentially formed in the upper part of the coating. As a result of SST, Zn-Mg-Al coated steels showed excellent corrosion resistance, better than GA and GI.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 페놀계 화합물의 산화-변환 반응매개체로 알려진 버네사이트를 고정화한 알긴산 겔 비드(birnessite entrapped alginate beads, Bir-AB)를 제조하고, 1-naphthol (1-NP)의 제거반응 특성을 회분식 실험을 통하여 조사하였다. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy)분석 결과, 버네사이트 입자는 알긴산 겔을 가교로 하여 비드에 고정화됨을 확인하였다. Bir-AB에 의한 1-NP의 제거는 유사일차 속도반응(pseudo-first order kinetic)을 따랐으며, 반응속도상수(k)는 알긴산(AG)에 대한 버네사이트(Bir) 입자의 혼합비(Bir : AG=0.25 : 1~1 : 1 w/w)가 2배 증가할 때마다 약 1.5배씩 증가하였다. Bir-AB에 의한 1-NP 제거는 pH의 영향을 받았으며 pH가 10에서 4로 감소하면서 반응속도 상수(k, $hr^{-1}$)는 0.361에서 0.661로 약 1.8배 증가하였다. 반응상등액에 대한 총유기탄소(TOC) 분석결과 Bir-AB는 버네사이트 분말입자를 사용한 경우에 비교해 상대적으로 높은 용존 유기탄소 제거 효과(74% vs 92%)를 보였으며, 반응 후 분리한 비드에 대한 탈착실험(CH3OH)과 HPLC 크로마토그램 분석 결과로부터 1-NP의 중합체 생성물은 Bir-AB에의 고정화를 통해 수용액으로부터 제거될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 반응상등액에 대한 원자흡광분석(AAS) 분석결과 반응과정에서 용출되는 Mn이온은 Bir-AB에의 재흡착을 통해 제거되었다. Bir-AB는 간단한 여과를 통해 모두 회수가능하며, 2회 재사용에 따른 1-NP의 제거효율을 평가한 결과, 초기에 비교한 큰 반응성의 감소(제거율<20%) 없이 재사용이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.