• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.167-175
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was performed to find correlations between Edema Index and Pulse Energy in early postpartum period. Methods: Fiftynine postpartum women were participated in this study which was conducted with Inbody 720 (Biospace Co. Ltd) and 3D Blood Pressure Pulse Analyzer (3D-MAC). Edema Index (Extra Cellular Water/Total Body Water) calculated after body composition analysis and 3D-MAC result (Pulse Energy) were analysed within a week after delivery. Results: The results were as follows 1. Edema Indexes of the upper, lower limbs, trunk and whole body were associated with each other respectively. 2. Edema Indexes and Right Kwan pulse energy had significant positive correlation. 3. Right Kwan pulse energy showed positive correlations with Left Kwan, Right Chon, Right Cheok. Conclusions: Viscera associated with Postpartum Edema are Spleen, Lung, Liver and Vital Gate. The most important thing is thought to be Spleen.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.147-157
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• 2003

The application in steel structures is increasing the mill sheet for the weathering steels by minimum maintenance cost in a life cycle cost. These have been collected and statistically analyzed to investigate chemical compositions, mechanical properties, weldability indices, weathering index and impact absorbed energy. From this study, although the band of dispersion in chernical compositions, mechanical properties and impact absorbed energy of the weathering steels appeared a little larger, the results revealed that these values have adequately satisfied the standard values of the Korean Standard. Furthermore, it was found that the weldability indices and the weathering index for the weathering steels have respectively satisfied the value prescribed by the Japanese Highway Specification and ASTM.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.215-224
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to classify the energy efficiency of 131 tractor models tested during from 2006 to 2010 in Korea. Methods: Four sub-indexes were developed using the fuel consumptions at 60% and 90% of rated speed with partial loads and at pull speeds of 3.0 km/h and 7.5 km/h with maximum drawbar pull. Weighting factors of the sub-indexes were also considered to reflect the characteristics of tractor's actual working hours in Korea. Four sub-indexes were integrated into a classification index. Using the developed classification index, a five-classification system was made on the basis of normal distribution of tractors over the classification range. Percentage of $1^{st}$ grade interval was expected to be close to 15%, $2^{nd}$ grade 20%, $3^{rd}$ grade 30%, $4^{th}$ grade 20%, $5^{th}$ grade 15%. Results: Number of $1^{st}$ grade was 21, $2^{nd}$ grade 23, $3^{rd}$ grade 39, $4^{th}$ grade 33, $5^{th}$ grade 15 among 131 models. Conclusions: Classification index was developed by integrating four sub-indexes. By the classification method using developed index, distribution of classified tractors was acceptable for practical application.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2019

Wireless sensors have been developed in numerous ways for enhancing the convenience of installation, management and maintenance of sensors. Energy harvesting wireless sensors, which can collect energy from the external environment for permanent usage without the need of recharging and exchanging batteries, have been developed and employed used in Internet of Things and at various industrial sites. Energy harvesting wireless sensors are significantly affected by the sensor lifespan to sudden variation in the external environment. Furthermore, reduction in the sensor operating timespan can greatly affect the characteristics of the devices connected through a network. In this paper, a system performance index is proposed that can comprehensively evaluate the lifespan of a solar cell wireless sensor, determine the characteristics of devices connected to the associated network, and recommend dynamic power distribution control for improving the system performance index. Improvement in the system performance index was verified by applying the proposed dynamic power distribution control to an air conditioner network system using a solar cell wireless sensor. Obtained results corroborate that the dynamic power distribution control can extend the lifespan of the incorporated wireless sensor and reduce the air conditioner's power consumption.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2014

The maritime sector is advancing with dedicated endeavor to reduce greenhouse gas in addressing issues with regards to global warming. Since 01 January 2013, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulation mandatory requirement for Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) has been in place and should be satisfied by newly-built ships of more than 400 gross tonnage and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) for all ships type. Therefore, compliance to this necessitates planning during the design stage whereas verification can be carried-out through an acceptable method during sea trial. The MEPC-approved 2013 guidance, ISO 15016 and ISO 19019 on EEDI serves the purpose for calculation and verification of attained EEDI value. Individual ships EEDI value should be lower than the required value set by these regulations. The key factors for EEDI verification are power and speed assessment and their synchronization. The shaft power can be measured by telemeter system using strain gage during sea trial. However, calibration of shaft power onboard condition is complicated. Hence, it relies only on proficient technology that operates within the permitted ISO allowance. On the other hand, the ship speed can be measured and calibrated by differential ground positioning system (DGPS). An actual test on a newly-built vessel was carried out to assess the correlation of power and speed. The Energy-efficiency Design Index or Operational Indicator Monitoring System (EDiMS) software developed by the Dynamics Laboratory-Mokpo Maritime University (DL-MMU) and Green Marine Equipment RIS Center (GMERC) of Mokpo Maritime University was utilized for this investigation. In addition, the software can continuously monitor air emission and is a useful tool for inventory and ship energy management plan. This paper introduces the synchronization and identification method between shaft power and ship speed for EEDI verification in accordance with the ISO guidance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.369-376
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• 2021

The International Maritime Organization has developed the Energy Efficiency Design Index, an index related to carbon dioxide emissions, to enforce regulations on newly built ships. In this study, a new type of energy-saving device called the ring stator was used for 158k crude oil carriers, whose hull form was developed as a very thin after-body hull to reduce the resistance by delaying separation. The Energy-Saving Device (ESD) particularly involving the duct, is not adapted to the thin-after body hull form-like container ship. This new ring stator was developed considering these characteristics. A parametric study was conducted through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis using the Star-CCM+ program, and approximately 3.4 % improvement in propulsion efficiency was achieved. Further optimization investigations and experimental studies should be conducted in the future.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.177-185
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• 2020

The building energy performance indicator, called Energy Performance Index (EPI), has been used for the past decades in South Korea. It has a list of design variables assigned with weighting factors (a, b). Unfortunately, the current EPI method is not performance-based but very close to a prescriptive rating. With this in mind, this study aims to propose a new performance-based EPI method. For this purpose, a global sensitivity analysis method, Sobol, is employed. The Sobol method is suitable for complex nonlinear models and can decompose all the output variance due to every input. The Sobol sensitivity index of each variable is defined as 0 to 1 (0 to 100%), and the sum of all sensitivity indices is equal to 1 (100%). In this study, an office building was modeled using EnergyPlus and then the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) was conducted to generate a surrogate model to EnergyPlus. The sensitivity index was suggested to replace weight (a) in the existing EPI. In addition, the discrete weight (b) in the existing EPI was replaced by a set of continuous regression functions. Due to the introduction of the sensitivity index and the continuous regression functions, the new proposed approach can provide far more accurate outcome than the existing EPI (R²: 0.83 vs. R²: 0.01 for cooling, R²: 0.66 vs. R²: 0.01 for total energy). The new proposed approach proves to be more rational, objective and performance-based than the existing EPI method.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.246-252
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• 2013

A descriptive, comparative study was performed using female college students as experimental subjects. The primary objective was to compare the changes in pulse waves that take place during normalcy and during menstruation. The second objective was to compare the pulse waves of experimental subjects with severe menstrual pain and experimental subjects with minor or no menstrual pain during menstruation and during normalcy. The subjects of this experiment were female college students attending D University, located in Pusan, and the data were collected from September 2011 to February 2012. Their blood circulation index and pulse-wave factors were measured. During normalcy, these data were gauged a week to ten days after menstruation, and during menstruation, they were gauged two to three days after the start of menstruation, when the menstrual pain was at its peak. The results was as follows. In the characteristics of the blood circulation index, the index increased during menstruation, resulting in an increase in only the blood volume of the left ventricle. And the pulse energy of the left Chon, Kwan, Cheok and right Cheok were significantly higher during menstruation. Additionally, the average pulse energy in the left hand was distinctively lower in the menstrual group than in the normalcy group. There is a difference in blood pulse factors between normalcy and during menstruation, as well as a difference in blood pulse factors in experiment group without menstrual pain and experiment group with menstrual pain. These differences were particularly observed in the blood circulation index, pulse energy.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.19-25
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• 2001

Atmospheric clearness index is one of the main factors in the evaluation of the atmospheric condition. The work presented here is the evaluation and comparison of atmospheric conditions using clearness factor for 15 cities in Korea. Clearness factor was computed with the assumed clear day, where clear day model was obtained using average global insolation, cloud amount and duration of sunshine measured for 18 years (1982-1999). The dearness index proposed in this work could be used by the atmospheric circumstance analysts, solar designers and users.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2002

Since the atmospheric clearness index is one of the main factors for evaluating atmospheric circumstances, it is necessary to estimate its characteristics all over the cities in Korea. This study was focused on the evaluation of atmospheric condition for each 15 cities in terms of respectively or mutually analyzed clearness factor that was predicted on the assumed clear day with the model using factors such as average global insolation, cloud amount, and duration of sunshine measured for two years between 1999 and 2000. The new clearness index data will be extensively used by atmospheric circumstances analysts as well as by solar application designers or users.