• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.457-461
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• 2010

Three dogs were presented with signs of recurrence of coughing, dyspnea and difficulty of barking after endotracheal stent placement. On the basis of history taking, physical examination, laboratory tests and radiography, complications of endotracheal stent were suspected. Dog 1 had unfitted stent diameter (stent diameter is larger than tracheal diameter) and getting disentangled of proximal tracheal stent wire. Dog 2 was suspected a foreign body reaction. Dog 3 had the migration of stent caudally. Based on these cases, the veterinarian should accurately evaluate the indicated patients before endotracheal stent and has to select the appropriate stent (diameter, length and location) to prevent complications after endotracheal stent and concern the regular follow-ups to assure proper endotracheal stent placement.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.77 no.5
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• pp.215-218
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• 2014

Tracheal invasion is an uncommon complication of thyroid cancer, but it can cause respiratory failure. A rigid bronchoscope may be used to help relieve airway obstruction, but general anesthesia is usually required. Tracheal balloon dilatation and stent insertion can be performed without general anesthesia, but complete airway obstruction during balloon inflation may be dangerous in some patients. Additionally, placement of the stent adjacent to the vocal cords can be technically challenging. An 86-year-old female patient with tracheal invasion resulting from thyroid cancer was admitted to our hospital because of worsening dyspnea. Due to the patient's refusal of general anesthesia and the interventional radiologist's difficulty in completing endotracheal stenting, we performed endotracheal tube balloon dilatation and argon plasma coagulation. We have successfully treated tracheal obstruction in the patient with thyroid cancer by using endotracheal tube balloon inflation and a flexible bronchoscope without general anesthesia or airway obstruction during balloon inflation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2022

A 14-year-old castrated male Persian cat presented with a 2-week history of respiratory difficulty. On physical examination, the patient showed intermittent open-mouth breathing and thoracic auscultation revealed wheezing. Thoracic radiographs revealed a narrowed upper airway and pulmonary infiltration. Computed tomography detected a mass occluding the lumen of the trachea at the level of the entrance to the thorax, a mass causing right main bronchus stenosis, and a nodule on the right caudal lung lobe. Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology tentatively diagnosed a carcinoma. Tracheal mass resection was performed through tracheostomy. Histopathology confirmed the presence of tracheobronchial carcinoma. The survival time after diagnosis was 10 months, during which time the cat underwent tracheostomy, debulking by endotracheal tube, and tracheal stent placement procedures in combination with toceranib phosphate adjuvant chemotherapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.512-517
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• 2005

Purpose : In adults, endoscopic tracheobronchial balloon dilatation and stenting have become valuable methods to establish and maintain an adequate airway lumen when tracheomalacia or neoplastic growth compromise the airways. But in children, only a few cases were reported due to technical problems. We report six children who were treated with stent implantation and describe the use and safety of airway stents. Methods : Six patients with severe airway obstruction were treated. We investigated the underlying medical problems, stenotic site, symptomatic improvement and complications, and the size and location of stent. Results : The median age of the six patients was 21 months. Three of them were mechanically ventilated and one had an endotracheal tube to maintain the patency of airway. Diagnoses were : congenital tracheal stenosis with or without bronchomalacia, granulation tissue formation after right upper lobectomy by bronchial carcinoid or after prolonged intubation, endobronchial tuberculosis, and airway compression by mediastinal undifferentiated sarcoma. Nitinol stents were implanted in the airway guided by bronchoscopy and fluoroscopy simultaneously. Three cases were placed in trachea, the others were in the bronchus. After stent implantation, all patients showed marked improvements of their airway obstructive symptoms. Four patients are doing well, although two expired due to underlying diseases. Four patients had granulation tissue formation around stents, but that was tolerable after removing the stent. Conclusion : We suggest that the use of expandible metallic stent implantation can offer safe therapeutic option even in extremely severe, life threatening and inoperable airway stenosis in children.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.128-128
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• 2008

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.834-838
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• 1989

Tracheal stenosis is being encountered more frequently as ventilatory support and cuffed tubes are increasingly used for treatment of respiratory failure. We experienced 13 cases of tracheal stenosis treated surgically at department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, school of medicine, Kyung Hee university during the 4 years. The causes of tracheal stenosis were prolonged endotracheal intubation 5 cases, tracheostomy 3 cases, tracheal tumor 2 cases, thyroid tumor 1 case and congenital double aortic arch 1 case. The methods used to manage the tracheal stenosis were tracheal resection % end to end anastomosis 8 cases, 2 cases of subglottic stenosis were underwent primary laryngotracheal anastomosis, Lt. aortic arch division 1 case, and stent insertion 2 cases. In two cases, who had 6 cm in length of tracheal stenosis, we were underwent tracheal resection k end to end anastomosis with supralaryngeal release procedure. Postoperative courses were uneventful except one case with tracheal tumor.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 1995

Although there are many kinds of method in treatment of tracheal stenosis, tracheal resection and primary anastomosis can be performed for management of various kinds of tracheal stenosis because it is considered the most anatomical ideal therapeutic modality. During a 10-year period we performed 18 tracheal resection on 18 patients with no operative mortality and some morbidity. 13 patients had tracheal stenosis caused by endotracheal intubation [eight patients or tracheostomy [five patients ; and five patients caused by a variety of neoplastic lesions [four primary and one secondary . The length of tracheal stenosis were various from 1.5cm to 5.5cm and site of tracheal stenosis were cervical[17patients and thoracic [one patient . Operative techniques were tracheal resection and primary anastomosis[18 patients and additional procedures were cricoid cartilage reconstruction with costal cartilage [one patient , primary repair of esophagus[one patient and suprahyoid laryngeal release technique[eight patients without any complications. We have eight complications; tracheal restenosis were developed in five patients[growth of grannulation tissue at anastomotic site in three patients, delayed restenosis in two patients , anastomotic disruption in one patient, hoarseness and pneumonia in each of two patients. We managed tracheal complications with T-tube insertion in two patients, permanent tracheostomy in three patients and insertion of Gianturco tracheal stent in one patient, but tracheal stent did not reveal good result because it caused persistent production of sputum. We concluded that it is necessary to access full length of normal trachea including suprahyoid laryngeal release technique to avoid anastomotic tension in tracheal surgery and develope new ideal techniques to manage postoperative tracheal complications, because we suppose tracheal complications are developed due to anastomotic tension.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1299-1304
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• 1992

We experienced 5 cases of tracheal stenosis and 7 cases bronchial stenosis treated surgically at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Hanyang University during 5 years. The causes of tracheal stenosis were prolonged endotracheal intubation 1 case, tracheostomy 1 case, the sequela of endobronchial tuberculosis 2 cases and tracheomalacia 1 case. The causes of bronchial stenosis were all endobronchial tuberculosis. The managements of tracheal stenosis were tracheal resection and end to end anastomosis. The resected lengths of trachea were 1.5cm, 3cm and 7.5cm. One case of suglottic stenosis was underwent the resection of trachea, 8cm in length, and the laryngotracheal anastomosis was done, but the re-stenosis of trachea was developed after 4 weeks post-operatively. One case of tracheomalacia was done permanent tracheostomy only, because the entire trachea was adhered to the surrounding tissue. The managements of bronchial stenosis were resection of involved lobe or one lung, in the 5 case. One case with Lt. main bronchial stenosis and atelectasis of Lt. upper lobe was done the lobectomy of Lt. upper lobe only and then, the Lt. pneumonectomy was done re-operatively because the atelectasis of Lt. lower lobe had continued. The other one case with stenosis of Rt. main bronchus, failed the insertion of metalic stent, was underwent the Rt. upper lobe lobectomy, sleeve resection and side to end anastomosis