• 한국균학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.223-226
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• 2011

송이버섯 생육지의 소나무세근으로부터 내생균이 분리되었다. 분리된 내생균을 rDNA-ITS 영역으로 동정한 결과 18종이 확인 되었으며, 이중에는 자낭균류 15종, 털곰팡이 아문 3종이 포함되어 있음이 확인 되었다. 본 연구의 내생균 중에는 Penicillium속 균주가 가장 높은 빈도로 생육하고 있음이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.622-629
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• 2010

Biosynthetic studies on brasiliamides, potently convulsive and bacteriostatic compounds from an endophytic Penicillium brasilianum isolated from Melia azedarach (Meliaceae), confirms their phenylpropanoid origin, which is very uncommon in fungi. Feeding experiments with [$2-^{13}C$]-phenylalanine indicated the incorporation of two units of this amino acid on brasiliamide structures. The first step in the phenylpropanoid pathway to those compounds was evaluated through enzymatic bioassays and confirmed the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) participation. The metabolism of phenylalanine in this fungus is discussed.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2016

Endophytic fungi have yielded a variety of secondary metabolites so far. In the course of the project to find bioactive secondary metabolites from cultures of endophytic fungi, an isolate of Arthrinium phaeospermum (JS 0567) was selected for chemical investigation. A large scale culture of this strain in rice media was extracted with an organic solvent and the extract was subjected to a serious of chromatography, which led to six metabolites. Their chemical structures were elucidated as 2,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methylxanthone(1), 2,3,4,6,8-pentahydroxy-1-methylxanthone(2), 3,4,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methylxanthone(3), 3,6,8-trihydroxy-1-methylxanthone(4), 2,4,2',4',6'-pentahydroxy-6-methylbenzophenone(5), and 5,7-di hydroxy-3-methylphthalide(6) on the basis of spectroscopic data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the secondary metabolites from Arthrinium phaeospermum.

• Mycobiology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2012

In the present study, an attempt to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of fungal endophytes inhabiting $Emblica$ $officinalis$ has been made keeping in view the medicinal importance of the selected host plant in Indian traditional practices. A total of four endophytic fungi belonging to Phylum Ascomycetes were isolated from different parts of the plant which were characterized morphologically and by using rDNA-internal transcribed spacer. The most frequently isolated endophyte was $Phomopsis$ sp. The antioxidant activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay, and total phenol were evaluated using ethanolic extract of endophytic fungi. DPPH activities in all the ethanolic extract increased with the increase in concentrations. Endophytes, $Phomopsis$ sp. and $Xylaria$ sp. showed highest antioxidant activity and also had the higher levels of phenolics. Antimicrobial activity of fungal extract were tested against four bacteria namely, $Escherichia$ $coli$ MTCC730, $Enteroccocus$ $faecalis$ MTCC2729, $Salmonella$ $enterica$ ser. $paratyphi$ MTCC735 and $Streptococcus$ $pyogenes$ MTCC1925, and the fungus $Candida$ $albicans$ MTCC183. In general, the fungal extracts inhibited the growth of test organisms except $E.$ $coli$.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.136-140
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• 2012

생강나무에 공생하는 내생균의 다양성을 확인하기 위하여, 강원도 4 개 지역에서 병증이 없는 생강나무 잎을 채집하여 내생균을 분리하였다. 분리된 내생균의 rDNA의 ITS지역을 분석한 결과, Alternaria alternata, Annulohypoxylon annulatum, Creosphaeria sassafras, Diaporthe eres, Discosia sp., Epicoccum nigrum, Glomerella acutata, Glomerella cingulata, Paraconiothyrium brasiliense, Pestalotiopsis neglecta, Phomopsis amygdali, Xylaria sp.의 총 7과 11속 12종이 확인되었으며 Phomopsis amygdali가 모든 연구 지역의 생강나무 잎에서 가장 높은 빈도로 분리되었으며 채집지에 따라 내생균의 종 다양성에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.435-443
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• 2015

Sixty-one endophytic fungus strains with different colony morphologies were isolated from the leaves, stems and roots of Tephrosia purpurea with colonization rates of 66.95%, 37.50%, and 26.92%, respectively. Based on internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis, 61 isolates were classified into 16 genera belonging to 3 classes under the phylum Ascomycota. Of the 61 isolates, 6 (9.84%) exhibited antifungal activity against one or more indicator plant pathogenic fungi according to the dual culture test. Isolate TPL25 had the broadest antifungal spectrum of activity, and isolate TPL35 was active against 5 plant pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, culture filtrates of TPL25 and TPL35 exhibited greater than 80% growth inhibition against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. We conclude that the endophytic fungal strains TPL25 and TPL35 are promising sources of bioactive compounds.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2019

고랭이류의 숙주식물인 Bolboschoenus planiculmis와 Schoenoplectustriqueter에서 내생균을 조사하였다. 총 25개체의 숙주식물에서 85개의 내생균을 분리하였고, ITS 지역을 사용하여 동정한 결과 19개의 분류군을 확인하였다. 그 중 92%는 Dothideomycetes에 속하였고, 4.8%는 Sordariomyetes, 1.6%는 Agaricomycetes, 0.8%는 Eurotiomycetes에 속하였다. B. planiculmis에서 가장 많이 분리된 내생균은 Cladosporium perangustum이고 S. triqueter에서는 Macrospora scirpicola였다. 염생식물에서 내생균의 연구는 매우 드물며, 이전에 목본식물들을 대상으로 수행된 선행연구들과는 다른 내생균의 군집 구조를 확인하였다. 향후 본 연구결과는 내생균 의 생물다양성 연구에 매우 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.140-144
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• 2006

Four xanthones were isolated from mycelia of Emericella variecolor, an endophytic fungus isolated from the leaves of Croton oblongifolius. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis to be shamixanthone, 14-methoxytajixanthone-25-acetate, tajixanthone methanoate, and tajixanthone hydrate. All compounds were tested for cytotoxic activity against various human tumor cell lines including gastric carcinoma, colon carcinoma, breast carcinoma, human hepatocarcinoma, and lung carcinoma. The antitumor activities of these xanthones were compared with that of doxorubicin hydrochloride, a chemotherapeutic substance. All of them showed moderate activities and were selective against gastric carcinoma, colon carcinoma, and breast carcinoma. Only tajixanthone hydrate exhibited moderate activity against all cancer cell lines. Furthermore, under the test conditions it was found that 14-methoxytajixanthone-25-acetate and tajixanthone hydrate are almost as active as doxorubicin hydrochloride against gastric carcinoma (KATO3) and breast carcinoma (BT474).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2021

Background: Ginseng extracts and ginseng-fermented products are widely used as functional cosmetic ingredients for their whitening and antiwrinkle effects. Recently, increasing attention has been given to bioactive metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi. However, little is known about the bioactive metabolites of the fungi associated with Panax ginseng Meyer. Methods: An endophytic fungus, Penicillium sp. SNF123 was isolated from the root of P. ginseng, from which acremonidin E was purified. Acremonidin E was tested on melanin synthesis in the murine melanoma cell line B16F10, in the human melanoma cell line MNT-1, and in a pigmented 3D-human skin model, Melanoderm. Results: Acremonidin E reduced melanogenesis in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells with minimal cytotoxicity. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that acremonidin E downregulated melanogenic genes, including tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), while their enzymatic activities were unaffected. The antimelanogenic effects of acremonidin E were further confirmed in MNT-1 and a pigmented 3D human epidermal skin model, Melanoderm. Immunohistological examination of the Melanoderm further confirmed the regression of both melanin synthesis and melanocyte activation in the treated tissue. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that acremonidin E, a bioactive metabolite derived from a fungal endophyte of P. ginseng, can inhibit melanin synthesis by downregulating tyrosinase, illuminating the potential utility of microorganisms associated with P. ginseng for cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1526-1532
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• 2021

Suaeda australis, Phragmites australis, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda glauca Bunge, and Limonium tetragonum in the Seocheon salt marsh on the west coast of the Korean Penincula were sampled in order to identify the endophytes inhabiting the roots. A total of 128 endophytic fungal isolates belonging to 31 different genera were identified using the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene. Fusarium, Paraconiothyrium and Alternaria were the most commonly isolated genera in the plant root samples. Various diversity indicators were used to assess the diversity of the isolated fungi. Pure cultures containing each of the 128 endophytic fungi, respectively, were tested for the plant growth-promoting abilities of the fungus on Waito-C rice germinals. The culture filtrate of the isolate Lt-1-3-3 significantly increased the growth of shoots compared to the shoots treated with the control. Lt-1-3-3 culture filtrate was analyzed and showed the presence of gibberellins (GA₁ 2.487 ng/ml, GA₃ 2.592 ng/ml, GA₉ 3.998, and GA₂₄ 6.191 ng/ml). The culture filtrate from the Lt-1-3-3 fungal isolate produced greater amounts of GA₉ and GA₂₄ than the wild-type Gibberella fujikuroi, a fungus known to produce large amounts of gibberellins. By the molecular analysis, fungal isolate Lt-1-3-3 was identified as Gibberella intermedia, with 100% similarity.