• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.51-74
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• 2022

This study aimed to identify a difference in project implementation between villages that had executed rural village community activation support work successfully and those that had quit in the middle from the new endogenous development theory perspective. As a result, it was found that the main factors used for promoting to increase endogeneous development capabilities existed more in villages that executed project implementation support work successfully than in villages that had quit in the middle. Successful villages have a difference from the villages that had quit in the middle in that they have established a participatory decision making and cooperation system for stable operation even before their support work began, they have more assets for promoting community activity, residents' interaction and communal activity are becoming more active, and reciprocity-based mutual aid culture exists in many forms. In conclusion, seeing from the new endogenous development theory perspective, villages are developed under the interaction between internal and external factors, but the outcome of project implementation depends on whether village community holds its endogenous development capability to operate and develop such whole process of development. Therefore, village community activation policies need to be reinforced in the direction toward promoting to create the main factors for enhancing endogenous development capabilities.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.45-59
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• 1992

I have been studied the tinnitus. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The etiologies of tinnitus is classified the Zang fa endogenous factors of the Jong-Maek-Hae and exogenous factors of the Oun-Gi, in the Nei Ching. 2. In the endogenous factors the etiologies of the Zang fa is mostly hased deficiency of the kidney, which is concerned with Sim-Hae Gan-Darn-Hae and Bi-Wae-Hae, the etiologies of the phlegm fire is fire is divided into Sin-Hae, Om-Ju-Hu-Mi and No-Gi-Oaek-Sang. 3. The etiologies of the Jong-Maek-Hae is divided into deficiency of the stomach xu of both gi am blood and xu of the kidney. 4. In Nei ching,the etiologies of Oun-Gi divided into Gul-Eum-Pung-Mok and So-Yang-Sang-Hwa of the exgeous factors is regarded to wind and fire as following generations is regrded to wind the endogenous factors caused Sin-Hae Gi-Hae. 5. In the Nei ching, Since the O-Mi-Bo-Sa-Bub is uttered main treated of tinnitus is friquently used Bo-Sin Young-Sim-Sun-Gi and Choung-Gan-Sul- You1 as Zang-Fu Choung-Dam-Gang-Hwa as the Phlegm fire Bo-bi-Sin as the Jong Maek Hae and Gye-Pung-San-Hwa as the Oun-Gi.

• 약학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.198-201
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• 1986

The successful elucidation of the opiate receptor and its natural ligands has generated speculation that other drugs might interact with cellular sites designed to accommodate endogenous mediators. The properties of binding sites for the cardiac glycosides(CG), together wit the potency and specificity of the digitalis drugs suggest that CG mimic an endogenous digitalis-like factor. Recenthy, several laboratories have reported the potency in mammalian tissues and fluids of unidentified materials that share certain specific propeties of the CG. Identification of body's own digitalis might yield a natural co pound whose synthetic analogs may provide safer and more effective drugs than can be achieved by structural edification of the CG of plant origin.

• 농촌계획
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2007

The propose of this paper is to study a theory on the research of mountain village region in korea of globalization age. The theory of this study is over-depopulation region study, endogenous regional development theory and resident organization, localities and new regional studies The case of over-depopulation region study, which population and land use of mountain village region due to urbanization and industrialization are changed by external factors. However, the case of some region is changed by internal factors of community residents. The endogenous regional development theory and have approached by investment policy of authorities of the mountain village region development and resident organization. The development of mountain village region have to described simultaneously both behavior strategy of community residents and investment policy of the authorities. According to localities and new regional studies, which agricultural products of mountain village region is extended to big-scale city by the progress transportation-communication and globalzation So, the research of mountain village region have to explained together intra with inter region. In the future, the research of mountain village region has to described all of case of over-depopulation region study, endogenous regional development theory, localities and new regional studies.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.127-140
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• 1991

The Primary purpose of this study is to investigate factors and variables which have significant effects on user satisfaction with recreational facilities in Taejong-Dae recreational complex, thereby establishing indices of planning and development of urban parks and open space. To test the causal models of this research, the date were gathered by self-administered questionnaires from 967 households in Pusan City which were selected by the multi-stage probability sampling methood. The analysis of the multi-stage primarily consists of two phase : The first analysis dealt exploratory factor analysis which identified major factors involved in satisfaction with recreational activities and facilities in Taejong-Dae recreational complex and the second analysis tested the fit of the causal models of this research by employing LISREL methodology. There are three advantages of using LISREL over other multivariate analysis methods : First, measurement error is allowed and calculated in LISREL, otherwise there is a risk of seriously misleading estimates of coefficients ; Second, LISREL deals with latent variables or unmeasured variables ; Third, it enables to test causal relations among variables. The factors analysis identified that five factors are involved in satisfaction with recreational facilities. The five factors of satisfaction with recreational facilities are space for repose and relaxation, active recreation facilities such as pool and zoo, physical exercise facility, convenience and maintenance facility, and linear facility, and linear facility for walking. The second phase analysis tested the fit of the causal models for satisfaction with recreational facilities to the data and identified statistically significant causal linkage among overall satisfaction with Taejong-Dae recreational complex, other endogenous factors and exogenous variables. Overall fits of both causal models were very good. Among endogenous factors, facility for repose and relaxation. linear facility for walking, active recreation facility, facility for convenience and maintenance were identified as having significant effects on overall satisfaction. Exogenous variables which have significant effects on endogenous variables wer also identified. These significant relationships indicate important factors and variables that should be considered in planning and development of the recreational complex. On the basis of these significant causal relationships, implications for planning and the delovepment of Taejong-Dae recreational complex were suggested.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 1992

The primary objective of this study is to investigate factors and variables which have significant effects on user satisfaction with recreational facilities in Children's Grand Park in Pusan City, theregby to establish the developmental way of urban park and open space. To test the causal models of this research, the data were gathered by self-administered questionnaires from 1085 households in Pusan City which were selected by the multi-stage probability sampling method. The analysis of the data primarily consists of two phase : The fist analysis dealt exploratory factor analysis which identified major factors involved in satisfaction with recreational facilities in Children's Grand Park and the second analysis tested the fit of the causal models of this research by employing LISREL methodology. The factor analysis identified that five factors are involved in satisfaction with recreational facilities. The five factors of satisfaction with recreational facilities are convenience and maintanance facilities, learnded recreational facilities, spaces for repose and relaxation, spaces for active recreation failities, and facilities for health and physical facilities. The second phase analysis tested the fit of the causal models for satisfaction with recreational facilities to the data and identified statistically significant causal linkage among overall satisfaction with Children's Grand Park, other endogenous factors and exogenous variables. Overall fits of both causal models were very good. Among endogenous factors, facilities for repose and relaxation, facilities for convenience and maintenance, learnded recreational facilities were identified as having significant effects on overall satisfaction. Exogenous variables which have significant effects on endogenous variables were also identified. These significant relationships indicate important factors and variables that should be considered in planning and development of urban park and open space. On the basis of these significant causal relationships, way for delovepment of urban park and open space were suggested.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2007

레트로바이러스(Retrovirus; RV)의 독특한 특징 중 하나는 프로바이러스의 상태로 숙주세포의 염색체에 삽입되어 숙주세포 유전자의 일부분으로서 다른 숙주세포 유전자들과 함께 다음세대로 유전된다는 것이다. 이러한 독특한 형태의 RV를 내인성 RV (endogenous RV; ERV)라고 하는데, 여러 종류의 내 외적신호에 의해 그자신의 유전자뿐만 아니라 인근한 숙주유전자의 발현에 변화가 일어난다. 사람과 쥐에서는 각각 HERV (Human ERV)와 MuERV (Murine ERV)가 세포 속에 존재하여 이들의 발현 변화가 숙주 생물체에 주로 해롭게 작용하여 질병을 일으키게 된다. 이들 ERV는 생체분자, 세포물질들이 관여하는 기작을 통해 암과 자가면역 반응과 같은 질병을 일으키는데, 이에 수반하여 많은 병리생리적 변화를 가져온다. HERV와 관련된 질병을 앓고 있는 환자들을 위해서는 이러한 질병을 이해하고, 이를 바탕으로 치료요법을 개발하기 위해 여러 단계의 대책들이 고려되어야 한다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.874-886
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• 2019

To delve into the semantic gap problem of the automatic video summarization, we focused on an endogenous ERP responses at around 400ms and 600ms after the on-set of audio-visual stimulus. Our experiment included two factors: the topic exploration of experimental conditions (Topic Given vs. Topic Exploring) as a between-subject factor and the topic relevance of the shots (Topic-Relevant vs. Topic-Irrelevant) as a within-subject factor. For the Topic Given condition of 22 subjects, 6 short historical documentaries were shown with their video titles and written summaries, while in the Topic Exploring condition of 25 subjects, they were asked instead to explore topics of the same videos with no given information. EEG data were gathered while they were watching videos in real time. It was hypothesized that the cognitive activities to explore topics of videos while watching individual shots increase the amplitude of endogenous ERP at around 600 ms after the onset of topic relevant shots. The amplitude of endogenous ERP at around 400ms after the onset of topic-irrelevant shots was hypothesized to be lower in the Topic Given condition than that in the Topic Exploring condition. The repeated measure MANOVA test revealed that two hypotheses were acceptable.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.85-115
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• 2013

Digital knowledge and information goods as experience goods have some unique characteristics such as close to zero reproduction and distribution cost, high price volatility, and low price acceptability. For the reasons, the pricing policies of digital knowledge goods are very difficult and complicate. Also, most consumers of digital goods have experienced cognitive dissonance after buying decision. The purpose of this paper is to investigate what factors affect the price acceptability level and cognitive dissonance of digital knowledge goods buyers. This paper suggest a structural model that was established by the cognitive dissonance theory and S-O-R(Stimulus-Organization-Response) model. The model is consisted of four exogenous variables and three endogenous variables. The empirical test and statistical analysis suggest following results and practical implications. The variables such as product involvement and perception of price fairness that have positive roles to price acceptability have strong influence on the all the three endogenous variables. But the variables such as sale proneness and price mavenism that have negative roles to price acceptability have little influence on the all the three endogenous variables. In the model, the payment intention was very important mediating variable between exogenous variables and two dependent variables, ie. price acceptability and cognitive dissonance. These results imply that the digital knowledge portals must have some differentiated pricing policies to the customers who have price consciousness and price mavenism. Also, they need some special promotions to whom have positive attitude to the value of digital goods.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.861-878
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• 2021

The human genome contains many retroviral elements called human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), resulting from the integration of retroviruses throughout evolution. HERVs once were considered inactive junk because they are not replication-competent, primarily localized in the heterochromatin, and silenced by methylation. But HERVs are now clearly shown to actively regulate gene expression in various physiological and pathological conditions such as developmental processes, immune regulation, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and neurological disorders. Recent studies report that HERVs are activated in patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. In this review, we describe internal and external factors that influence HERV activities. We also present evidence showing the gene regulatory activity of HERV LTRs (long terminal repeats) in model organisms such as mice, rats, zebrafish, and invertebrate models of worms and flies. Finally, we discuss several molecular and cellular pathways involving various transcription factors and receptors, through which HERVs affect downstream cellular and physiological events such as epigenetic modifications, calcium influx, protein phosphorylation, and cytokine release. Understanding how HERVs participate in various physiological and pathological processes will help develop a strategy to generate effective therapeutic approaches targeting HERVs.