• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.85 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2022

Background: Only a few studies directly compared the therapeutic efficacy and safety of two pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) in asthma. We analyzed the asthma treatment outcomes, safety, and patient preferences using formoterol/beclomethasone (FORM/BDP), a pMDI with extra-fine particles, compared with formoterol/budesonide (FORM/BUD), another pMDI with non-extra-fine particles. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, double-dummy parallel group study, 40 adult asthmatics were randomized to FORM/BDP group (n=18; active FORM/BDP and placebo FORM/BUD) or FORM/BUD group (n=22; active FORM/BUD and placebo FORM/BDP). During the two visits (baseline and end of 8-week treatment), subjects were asked to answer questionnaires including asthma control test (ACT), asthma control questionnaires (ACQ), and Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adult Korean Asthmatics (QLQAKA). Lung function, compliance with inhaler, and inhaler-handling skills were also assessed. Results: Ten subjects in the FORM/BDP group and 14 in the FORM/BUD group completed follow-up visits. ACT, ACQ, QLQAKA (a primary outcome), and adverse events did not differ between two groups. We found that the increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of the pulmonary volume in the FORM/BDP group was higher than in the FORM/BUD group. Regarding preference, subjects responded that the flume velocity of FORM/BDP was higher, but more adequate than that of FORM/BUD. They also answered that FORM/BDP reached the trachea and bronchus and irritated them significantly more than FORM/BUD. Conclusion: The use of pMDI with extra-fine particles may relieve small airway obstruction more than the one with non-extra-fine particles despite no significant differences in overall treatment outcomes. Some asthmatics have a misconception about the adequacy of high flume velocity of pMDIs.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.57-66
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a legal document search method that uses the Sentence-BERT model. The general public who wants to use the legal search service has difficulty searching for relevant precedents due to a lack of understanding of legal terms and structures. In addition, the existing keyword and text mining-based legal search methods have their limits in yielding quality search results for two reasons: they lack information on the context of the judgment, and they fail to discern homonyms and polysemies. As a result, the accuracy of the legal document search results is often unsatisfactory or skeptical. To this end, This paper aims to improve the efficacy of the general public's legal search in the Supreme Court precedent and Legal Aid Counseling case database. The Sentence-BERT model embeds contextual information on precedents and counseling data, which better preserves the integrity of relevant meaning in phrases or sentences. Our initial research has shown that the Sentence-BERT search method yields higher accuracy than the Doc2Vec or TF-IDF search methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.161-182
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• 2023

In the recent cataloging environment, the function of authority data is becoming more important. In Korea, a pilot project for sharing and joint use of the national authority data has been promoted since 2019, and a plan to automatically construct retrospective authority data using national authorities is in progress. This study aims to (1) analyze the results of the pilot project for retrospective authority data jointly promoted by the National Library of Korea and KERIS in 2019, (2) explore methodological limitations and problems in the process, and (3) derive policy proposals for constructing authority data more efficiently. To this end, a university library participating in the pilot project was investigated as a case study. Based on it, the automatic generation rate and accuracy of authority data, and errors and omissions cases and causes were analyzed in detail. As a results of the study, it was found that the quality of union catalogs and bibliographic records had a great influence on automatically constructing authority data, and supplementary methods were needed to minimize these limitations.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.6D
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• pp.985-993
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• 2006

The use of prefabricated concrete piles have been gradually increased in many construction sites. One of main works for building a concrete pile foundation is to crush a part of pile head which is compressed with more than $800kg/cm^2$. A pile cutting work is usually performed by a crusher and three to four skilled workers. Recent reports on the pile cutting work reveal that a lot of cracks which significantly reduce the strength of the pile and are frequently made during pile cutting operations and it is very repetitive and labor intensive work. To improve productivity, safety, and quality of the conventional concrete pile cutting work, the research on developing an automated concrete pile cutter has been performed. In this paper, sensing methods for detecting a pile cutting line are suggested with operation process algorithms. The suggested methods are very important to develop the automated pile cutter. A pilot-type of the automated pile cutter that adopt one of the suggested sensing methods, is developed and tested in a construction site.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.71-86
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• 2023

Recently, various geographic information systems have been used based on spatial information of geographic information systems. Accordingly, it is essential to produce a large-scale map as a small-scale map for various uses of spatial information. However, maps currently being produced have inconsistencies between data due to production timing and limitations in expression, and productivity efficiency is greatly reduced due to errors in products or overlapping processes. In order to improve this, various efforts are being made, such as publishing research and reports for automating domestic mapping, but because there is no specific result, it relies on editors to make maps. This is mainly done by hand, so the time required for mapping is excessive, and quality control for each producer is different. In order to solve these problems, technology that can be automatically produced through computer programs is needed. Research has been conducted to apply the rule base to geometric generalization. The algorithm tolerance setting applied to rule-based modeling is a factor that greatly affects the result, and the level of the result changes accordingly. In this paper, we tried to study the effectiveness of mapping according to tolerance setting. To this end, the utility was verified by comparing it with a manually produced map. In addition, the original data and reduction rate were analyzed by applying generalization algorithms and tolerance values. Although there are some differences by region, it was confirmed that the complexity decreased on average. Through this, it is expected to contribute to the use of spatial information-based services by improving tolerances suitable for small-scale mapping regulations in order to secure spatial information data that guarantees consistency and accuracy.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

This article underscores the importance of integrating comprehensive palliative care for noncancer patients who are undergoing hemodialysis, with an emphasis on the aging populations in Asian nations such as Taiwan, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and China. As the global demographic landscape shifts towards an aging society and healthcare continues to advance, a marked increase has been observed in patients undergoing hemodialysis who require palliative care. This necessitates an immediate paradigm shift to incorporate this care, addressing the intricate physical, psychosocial, and spiritual challenges faced by these individuals and their families. Numerous challenges impede the provision of effective palliative care, including difficulties in prognosis, delayed referrals, cultural misconceptions, lack of clinician confidence, and insufficient collaboration among healthcare professionals. The article proposes potential solutions, such as targeted training for clinicians, the use of telemedicine to facilitate shared decision-making, and the introduction of time-limited trials for dialysis to overcome these obstacles. The integration of palliative care into routine renal treatment and the promotion of transparent communication among healthcare professionals represent key strategies to enhance the quality of life and end-of-life care for people on hemodialysis. By embracing innovative strategies and fostering collaboration, healthcare providers can deliver more patient-centered, holistic care that meets the complex needs of seriously ill patients within an aging population undergoing hemodialysis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2024

With the advancement of information and communication technology (ICT), the use of electronic document types such as PDF, MS Office, and HWP files has increased. Such trend has led the cyber attackers increasingly try to spread malicious documents through e-mails and messengers. To counter such attacks, AI-based methodologies have been actively employed in order to detect malicious document files. The main challenge in detecting malicious HWP(Hangul Word Processor) files is the lack of quality dataset due to its usage is limited in Korea, compared to PDF and MS-Office files that are highly being utilized worldwide. To address this limitation, data augmentation have been proposed to diversify training data by transforming existing dataset, but as the usefulness of the augmented data is not evaluated, augmented data could end up harming model's performance. In this paper, we propose an effective semi-supervised learning technique in detecting malicious HWP document files, which improves overall AI model performance via quantifying the utility of augmented data and filtering out useless training data.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.237-260
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• 2000

According to the study of Jik-Ryoung(直領) consulting chronicles of the Chosun Era, Jik-Ryoung had been worn for various uses as official outfit, ordinary attire or clothes for the celebration of their coming of age, wedding ceremonies, funeral rites, and religious ceremonies, etc. from the beginning to the end of the Chosun Era. The conclusions are shown briefly as follows. 1. There are several terms of Po(袍) related to Jik-Ryoung in the chronicles under the name of Jik-Ryoung Ui(直領衣), Ui-Sal Jik-Ryoung(衣撒直領), and Jik-shin(直身). Jik-Ryoung Ui is the other name of Jik-Ryoung that they called it when it was used for funeral rites and religious ceremonies. The chinese Ye-Sal(曳撒) was called the Ui-Sal Jik-Ryoung in Korea, but this is different with Jik-Ryoung regarding its divided up and bottom style. Jik-Shin is almost same as Jik-Ryoung. 2. During the latter period of the Chosun Era, we can find diferent frequency in use of the Jik-Ryoung. Jik-Ryoung was shown constantly in the cases of that ding, Chinese Prince and lower-level constantly in the cases of that king, Crown Prince and lower-level officials wore it for funeral rites and lower-level officials, artisans, merchants, humbles and slaves wore it for official outfit. Uses of the Jik-Ryoung increased for military officers'outfits, in contrast to decreasing of uses for ordinary attires of king, Crown Prince, and the commons, and official outfits of civil officials. 3. These different aspects mean the change of estate and role. For the basic four ceremonial occasions the ceremonies of coming of age, marriage, funeral, and ancestor memorial-, it appeared constantly. Therefore the social role had been maintained also by then. As an official garb, the role for official uniform of petty official maintained by the end of the Dynasty. But from the latter 1600's to the former 1700's, the roles for official garbs of civil officials and military officers decreased and increased respectively. Before the Hideyoshi's Invasion of Korea in 1592, ordinary social clothes had orders by people's social status who wore them ; those were Dan Ryoung(團領), Hong Jik Ryoung(紅直領), Jik Ryoung(直領), Cho'l Rick(철릭) in the order named. After the war, various Po(袍), Shim Ui(深衣), Jung Chi Mak(中致莫), Chang Ui(　衣), Jang Ui(長衣), Ju Ui(周衣) and so on had been worn until the King Young Jo(英祖)·Jung Jo(正祖) period. In result, the social role of Jik-Ryoung was reduced as the uses decreased more and more. For a mourning dress, it had a same aspect as the case of ordinary social wear. 4. Considering the color, they used blue for the clothes for doing-up-the-hair ceremony, white for mourning clothes, and white, black for ancestor memorial ceremony clothes. On the official outfits of officials, dark blue and black were used mostly. And lower-level officials'clothes had white, red, and green on them. They used red and green for the plain dresses. 5. Examining the materials, clothes for the celebration of one's coming of age were made of high quality silks, Kwang Hwa Dan(廣禾緞). Also, they made clothes for funeral rites of rough and thick linen, and made clothes for religious ceremonies of linen and hemp. The official outfits were made of practical materials like cotton, hemp and ramie. Cotton, pongee and satin were used to make ordinary attire.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.1090-1096
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• 2009

This study is to develop wine with germinated brown rice and red pepper (Capsicum annuum) and to make effective use of the rice and red pepper. The results of alcohol fermentation were as follows. pH 5.5 was decreased to 4.5$\sim$5.1 during fermentation. The total acidity was changed from 0.56% in initial fermentation to 0.96$\sim$1.42% in after fermentation. Reducing sugar was changed from 0.27% in initial fermentation to 1.33$\sim$1.40% at the end of the fermentation. The ethanol content was 16.6$\sim$17.0% at the end of the fermentation. The addition of 10$\sim$50% red pepper did not have influence on the fermentation. From Hunter's L, a, and b values, a (redness) and b (yellowness) value were increased according to content of red pepper addition. The major volatiles were ethyl acetate, 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-butanol and benzeneethanol. Capsaicin content in the samples of red pepper addition was the highest in 50% and the lowest in 10%. In sensory evaluation, the wine with 20% red pepper had the highest acceptance scores in all of the properties examined than those of other samples.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.428-436
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• 2002

Providing a mobile host with its required QoS is highly influenced by its mobility. The resource ReSerVation Protocol(RSVP) establishes and maintains a reservation state to ensure a given QoS level along the path from the sender to the receiver. However, RSVP is designed for use in fixed networks and thus it is inadequate in the mobile networking environment where a host changes its point of attachment. In this paper, we propose a new resource reservation protocol, RSVP-RA(RSVP by RSVP Agent) for mobile hosts. Our protocol assumes IETF Mobile IP as a mobility support mechanism. The proposed protocol introduce a new protocol entity - RSVP agent - to manage reservations in a mobile host's current visiting network. RSVP Agent is located in a local network and makes resource reservations in neighboring cells that the mobile host is expected to visit in the future. Thus, the proposed Protocol can provide a seamless QoS to the mobile host and significantly improve the scalability problem of RSVP by reducing the end-to-end signalling messages acrossing the backbone networks. The proposed protocols reduce packet delay, bandwidth overhead and the number of RSVP messages to maintain reservation states. We compared the performance of our proposed protocol with other proposed protocols in terms of signalling overhead, packet delay by simulation.