• Title/Summary/Keyword: end-plate

Search Result 644, Processing Time 0.031 seconds

Long Term Efficacy of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Standard Cages alone in Lumbar Disc Diseases Combined with Modic Changes

  • Kwon, Young-Min;Chin, Dong-Kyu;Jin, Byung-Ho;Kim, Keun-Su;Cho, Yong-Eun;Kuh, Sung-Uk
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
    • /
    • v.46 no.4
    • /
    • pp.322-327
    • /
    • 2009
  • Objective : Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is considered to have the best theoretical potential in promoting bony fusion of unstable vertebral segments by way of a load sharing effect of the anterior column. This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of PLIF with cages in chronic degenerative disc disease with Modic degeneration (changes of vertebral end plate). Methods : A total of 597 patients underwent a PLIF with threaded fusion cages (TFC) from 1993 to 2000. Three-hundred-fifty-one patients, who could be followed for more than 3 years, were enrolled in this study. Patients were grouped into 4 categories according to Modic classification (no degeneration : 259, type 1 : 26, type 2 : 55, type 3 : 11). Clinical and radiographic data were evaluated retrospectively. Results : The clinical success rate according to the Prolo's functional and economic outcome scale was 86% in patients without degeneration and 83% in patients with Modic degeneration. The clinical outcomes in each group were 88% in type 1, 84% in type 2, and 73% in type 3. The bony fusion rate was 97% in patients without degeneration and 83% in patients with Modic degeneration. The bony fusion rate in each group was 81% in type 1, 84% in type 2, and 55% in type 3. The clinical success and fusion rates were significantly lower in patients with type 3 degeneration. Conclusion : The PLIF with TFC has been found to be an effective procedure for lumbar spine fusion. But, the clinical outcome and bony fusion rates were significantly low in the patients with Modic type 3. The authors suggest that PLIF combined with pedicle screw fixation would be the better for them.

Shoes from Pinet to the Present

  • June, Swann
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
    • /
    • 2001.08a
    • /
    • pp.11-13
    • /
    • 2001
  • For those unfamiliar with the shoe world, Pinet (1817-1897) was a contemporary of Worth, the great Parisian couturier. So I look at the glamour shoes and the world of haute couture, and indeed the development of the named designer. That is a concept we are all familiar with now. So it is not easy to comprehend the lack of names for the exquisite work before 1850. Straightway I have to say that the number of noted shoe designers is far fewer than famous dress designers, but I will introduce you to some of them, against the background of contemporary shoe fashions. Franc;ois Pinet was born in the provinces (probably Touraine) in 1817, two years after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. His father, an ex-soldier, settled to shoemaking, a comparatively clean and quiet trade. It had a tradition of literacy, interest in politics, and was known as the gentle craft, which attracted intelligent people. We should presume father would be helped by the family. It was usual for a child to begin by the age of 5-6, tying knots, sweeping up, running errands and gradually learning the job. His mother died 1827, and father 1830 when he was 13, and at the time when exports of French shoes were flooding world markets. He went to live with a master shoemaker, was not well treated, and three years later set out on the tour-de- France. He worked with masters in Tours and Nantes, where he was received as Compagnon Cordonnier Bottier du Devoir as Tourangeau-Ia rose dAmour (a name to prove most appropriate). He went on to Bordeaux, where at 19 he became president of the local branch. In 1841 he went to Paris, and in 1848, revolution year, as delegate for his corporation, he managed to persuade them not to go on strike. By now the shoemakers either ran or worked for huge warehouses, and boots had replaced shoes as the main fashion. In 1855 Pinet at the age of 38 set up his own factory, as the first machines (for sewing just the uppers) were appearing. In 1863 he moved to new ateliers and shop at Rue ParadisPoissoniere 44, employing 120 people on the premises and 700 outworkers. The English Womans Domestic Magazine in 1867 records changes in the boots: the soles are now wider, so that it is no longer necessary to walk on the uppers. There is interest in eastern Europe, the Polonaise boots with rosette of cord and tassels and Bottines Hongroises withtwo rows of buttons, much ornamented. It comments on short dresses, and recommends that the chaussure should correspond to the rest of the toilet. This could already be seen in Pinets boots: tassels and superb flower embroidery on the higher bootleg, which he showed in the Paris Exposition that year. I think his more slender and elegant Pinet heel was also patented then or 1868. I found little evidence for colour-matching: an English fashion plate of 1860 shows emerald green boots with a violetcoloured dress.

  • PDF

A Clinical Study of Facial Paralysis (안명신경 손상 환자의 임상적 고찰)

  • Huh, Choon-Bok;Suh, Tae-Soo
    • Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
    • /
    • v.5 no.3
    • /
    • pp.643-650
    • /
    • 1998
  • Facial nerve is subject to injury at any point in the course from the cerebral cortex to the motor end plate in the face, so many etiologic varieties of facial paralysis may be encountered, including trauma, viral infection and the idiopathic. Authors have studied 39 cases of facial paralysis which had experienced of treatment in our department from March, 1996 to March, 1997 at Dong San Medical Center. The results obtained are as follows : 1) The highest age incidence showed 10 cases(24.6%) in 3rd decade 2) Among the total of 39 cases, male were 21 cases(53.8%) and female were 18cases(46.2%). 3) At the involved side, left side were 19 cases(48.7%) and right side were 18 cases(46.2%). 4) The causes of facial paralysis were; idiopathic (Bell's palsy) in 19 cases(48.7%) infectious in 6 cases(15.4%) neoplastic in 6 cases(15.4%) traumatic in 5 cases(12.9%) metabolic in 2 cases(5.1%) congenital in 1 cases(2.6%) 5) In time interval between onset of symptom and treated initial date, 26 cases(66.7%) in below 10 days and 8 cases(20.5%) in 11-20 days 6) Correlation of recovery rate according to the treated duration did not differ significantly 7)Result after treatment were satisfactory

  • PDF

Effects of spinal stabilization training on Chronic Low Back Pain in Private Guard and Security (척추안정화 운동이 민간 경호.경비원들의 허리통증에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Seong-Ho;Lee, Wan-Hee
    • Korean Security Journal
    • /
    • no.20
    • /
    • pp.71-93
    • /
    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of using spinal stabilization exercise for the improvement of atrophy of the multifidus and psoas major, of pain and disability with chronic low back pain in private guard and security. For 42 patients diagnosed with CLBP, and divided into spinal stabilization exercise group(SSEG) and general spinal strengthening exercise group(GSSEG). Each exercise was conducted for 10 weeks. Pain and disability were measured before and after exercise using the Visual analogue scale(VAS) and the Oswestry disability index(ODI). Cross section area(CSA) of both the left and right multifidus and the psoas major at the upper end plate of L4 were measured before and after exercise using computed tomography(CT). After 10 weeks of exercise, the both group's pain and lumbar disability were significantly decreased(p<0.01). Also there was significant difference in both group(p<0.05). In addition, the CSA of the left and right multifidus and posas major were significantly increased as compared to the pre-exercise in both group(p<0.01). But SSEG's cross sectional areas of multifidus was more significantly increase than GSSEG(p<0.05). In summary, Spinal stabilization exercise is more effective in improving atrophy in private guard and security patients, in reducing patients' pain and disability. It is an effective treatment to aid rehabilitation in these cases.

  • PDF

Changes in Quality Characteristics of Vacuum-Shrink Packaged Bierschinken after Stuffing in Fibrous Casing during Chilled Storage (화이브러스 케이싱에 충전 후 진공 수축 포장한 비어슁켄의 냉장 중 품질 특성 변화)

  • Lee Jung-Pyo;Lee Keun-Taik
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
    • /
    • v.25 no.2
    • /
    • pp.121-126
    • /
    • 2005
  • The changes in quality characteristics and shelf-life of vacuum-shrink packaged Bierschinken after stuffing in fibrous casing and stored at 5 and $10^{\circ}C$ were investigated The total aerobic plate count (APC) of Bierschinken was initially <2.00 $log_{10}CFU/cm^2$, however increased gradually over storage period The APCs of Bierschinken maintained at the level of 4.86 and 5.13 $log_{10}CFU/cm^2$ after 35 days at 5 and $10^{\circ}C$, respectively. pH tended to decrease with the extension of storage period The values of TBA and VBN tended to increase with storage time, of which trend was pronounced at $10^{\circ}C$ rather than at $5^{\circ}C$. According to the sensory evaluation, Bierschinken had the marketing value till 28 days irrespective of storage temperature. The shelf-life of Bierschinken tested might be preferentially restricted by the occurrence of off-odor and off-flavor at the end of storage period.

A Study on CFD Analysis to Investigate the Effects of Different Feed Rate into the High Temperature H2SO4 Transferring Pump at Fixed Frequency

  • Choi, Jung-Sik;Choi, Jae-Hyuk
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
    • /
    • v.20 no.3
    • /
    • pp.304-311
    • /
    • 2014
  • In this study, to apply hydrogen energy to ship engine and to generate effective hydrogen production, we investigated the effects of high temperature $H_2SO_4$ feed rate and cooling water rate to pump parts with fixed frequency needed to reciprocate motion and a simulation was conducted at each condition. In the fixed frequency and cooling water inlet flow rate of 0.5 Hz and 3.9 kg/s, we changed the high temperature $H_2SO_4$ flow rate to 47.46 kg/s (it is 105 % of 45.2 kg/s), 49.72 kg/s (110 %), and 51.98 kg/s (115 %). Also, at 0.5 Hz and 45.2 kg/s of frequency and high temperature $H_2SO_4$ flow, the thermal hydraulic analysis was performed at the condition of 95 % (3.705 kg/s), 90 % (3.51 kg/s), and 85 % (3.315 kg/s). In overall simulation cases, the physical properties of materials are more influential to the temperature increase in the pump part rather than the changes on the feed rate of high temperature $H_2SO_4$ and cooling water. A continuous operation of pump was also capable even if the excess feed of high temperature $H_2SO_4$ of about 15 % or the less feed of cooling water of about 15 % were performed, respectively. When the increasing feed of high temperature $H_2SO_4$ of up to 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % were compared with base flow (45.2 kg/s), the deviation of time period rose to a certain temperature and ranged from 0 to 4.5 s in the same position (same material). In case of cooling water, the deviation of time period rose to a certain temperature and ranged from 0 to 5.9 s according to the decreasing feed changes of cooling water at 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % compared to a base flow (3.9 kg/s). Finally, the additional researches related to the two different materials (Teflon and STS for Pitch and End-plate), which are concerned about the effects of temperature changes to the parts contacting different materials, are needed, and we have a plan to conduct a follow-up study.

Effect of h-BN Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AIN Ceramics (AIN 세라믹스의 미세조직과 기계적 성질에 미치는 h-BN 첨가의 영향)

  • 이영환;김준규;조원승;조명우;이은상;이재형
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
    • /
    • v.40 no.9
    • /
    • pp.874-880
    • /
    • 2003
  • The effect of h-BN content on microstructure, mechanical properties, and machinability of AlN-BN based machinable ceramics were investigated. The relative density of sintered compact decreased with increasing h-BN content. The four-point flexural strength also decreased from 238 MPa of monolith up to 182 MPa by the addition of 30 vol% h-BN. Both low Young's modulus and residual tensile stress, formed by the thermal expansion coefficient difference between AIN and h-BN, might cause the strength drop in AlN-BN composite. The crack deflection, and pull-out phenomena increased by the plate-like h-BN. However, the fracture toughness decreased with h-BN content. The second phases, consisted of YAG and ${\gamma}$-Al$_2$O$_3$, were formed by the reaction between Al$_2$O$_3$ and Y$_2$O$_3$. During end-milling process, feed and thrust forces measured for AlN-(10~30) vol% BN composites decreased with increasing h-BN particles, showing excellent machinability. Also, irrespective of h-BN content, relatively good surfaces with roughness less than 0.5 m (Ra) could be achieved within short lapping time.

A Study on the Probability of BLEVE of Above-ground LP Gas Storage Tanks Exposed to External Fire (지상식 LPG 저장탱크의 외부화재에 의한 BLEVE 가능성 해석)

  • Lee Seung-Lim;Lee Young-Soon
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
    • /
    • v.7 no.1 s.18
    • /
    • pp.19-23
    • /
    • 2003
  • The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the BLEVE probability of LP gas storage tanks which are relatively more dangerous, by the deductive calculating method using the results of Birk's pilot tank test and the required heat capacity of BLEVE. The result that BLEVEs can occur in only above 43.68 percent of liquid filling level under $600^{\circ}C$ of tank pate temperature and $53^{\circ}C$ of inner liquid temperature, was obtained and will be useful for preventing the BLEVE of LP gas storage tanks in fire sites. In addition, this research showed conditions of external leak and fire causing BLEVE, based on 15ton capacity of LP gas tank which has the same specifications as those in Puchon LP gas filling station accident. The result of the calculation is that the minimum pool fire conditions of BLEVE are above 7.2mm equivalent diameter under a liquid release condition and above 17.6mm equivalent diameter under a two-phase release condition. In the end, the result of calculating the pool size corresponding the above conditions using EFFECTS version 2.1, concludes that a minimum of 3.3 meters of diameter and 10.4 meters of height should be needed for BLEVE outbreak.

  • PDF

Histological and Ultrastructural Differentiations of the Neuroepithelial Cells in the Mouse Embryo during Early Neurulation (마우스 초기 신경배형성과정에서 신경상피세포의 조직학적 및 미세구조적 분화)

  • Kim, Yul-A;Chung, Young-Wha
    • Applied Microscopy
    • /
    • v.29 no.1
    • /
    • pp.105-124
    • /
    • 1999
  • Histological and ultrastructural differentiations of the neuroepithelial cells in the mouse embryo during neurulation were observed. The neural plates and grooves consisted of pseudostratified columnar epithelium in the embryonic day (ED) 8 embryo were developed. In the ED 9 embryo, the neural tube was developed in all body length of embryo except both the cephalic and caudal ends. Secondary neurulation was shown at the tail bud of the ED 10 embryo. In the ED 8 embryo, the primitive streak was shown in the posterior end of the embryonic disc. The neuroepithelium, notochord and mesenchyme were well differentiated in the cephalic and cervical portions. In the ED 9 and 10 embryos, the roof plates of neural tubes were constituted of the closing of the surface ectodermal cells in the hindbrain and the neuroepithelial cells in the spinal cord. The floor plate of neural tube were consisted of the low pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The spinal motor nerve fibers were initially differentiated in the ED 10 embryo. According to the electron density of the cell and the differentiation of tell organelles, the neuroepithelial cells in the ED 9 and 10 embryos were classified into three types: dark, intermediate and light types. All types in the ED 9 embryo were observed but the dark cell in the ED 10 embryo was not done. The free ribosomes and polysomes in all neuroepithelial cells were developed. The RER and lipid droplets in the dark cell and the Golgi complex in the intermediate and light cells were observed. Many microfilaments in the cytoplasmic processes of intermediate cell and the microfilaments and microtubules in the light cell processes were observed to be well differentiated.

  • PDF

Analysis on the Flexural Behavior of Existing Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Structures Infilled with U-Type Precast Wall Panel (U형 프리캐스트 콘크리트 벽패널로 채운 기존 철근 콘크리트 보-기둥 구조물의 휨 거동 분석)

  • Son, Guk-Won;Yu, Sung-Young;Lim, Cheol-Woo;Ju, Ho-Seong
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
    • /
    • v.19 no.5
    • /
    • pp.56-66
    • /
    • 2015
  • This study aims at developing a new seismic resistant method by using precast concrete wall panels for existing low-rise, reinforced concrete beam-column buildings such as school buildings. Three quasi-static hysteresis loading tests were performed on one unreinforced beam-column specimen and two reinforced specimens with U-type precast wall panels. Seismic resistant test of anchored and welded steel plate connections manifested an average of 2.8 times increase in the maximum loading (average 591.8 kN) in comparison to unreinforced beam-column specimen. The maximum drift ratios were also shown between 1.4% and 2.7%. An analytical study was performed while assuming the RC column on the right side and the vertical element of the reinforced PC panel to behave in completely composite manner and the RC column on the left side and PC panel to behave in completely non-composite manner when loading was exerted from upper right end of RC frame of specimen to its left side. It was found with the assumptions that the overall flexural behavior in principle agreed with the experimental result.